iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2015

Abstract: Worldwide the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus in various countries are grouped into high, intermediate low and very low endemicity. Even in USA having very low endemicity have incidence of acute hepatitis A of 12.0 cases/100,000 persons in 1995.To prevent mortality and morbidity related with Hepatitis A virus infection, after implementation of routine childhood Hepatitis A vaccination in USA the incidence of acute Hepatitis A infection has declined by 92% in 2007. Routine childhood vaccination has produced similar results in Israel, Spain, Australia and selected region of Italy.

[1]. Bell BP. Global epidemiology of hepatitis A: implications for control strategies. In Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Liang JT, Dienstag JL (eds.). Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. London, International Medical Press, 2002, p. 9-14.
[2]. Daniel D et al. Surveillance of acute viral hepatitis – United States 2007. MMWR Surveillance Summ 2009, May 22: 58(3), 1-27.
[3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), MMWR 45(RR-15): 1-30, 1996.
[4]. Peach D. et al. J Infect Dis 2002 Oct 15, 186(c),1081-5.
[5]. Morais LM et al. Early infection and asymptomatic spread of HAV at public child care centre in Riode Janeiro. Brazil. Mem Int. Oswaldo Cruz 2006, Jun; 101(4) 401-5.

Abstract:Background: Short interpregnancy intervals have an adverse effect on maternal and neonatal outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of interpregnancy interval on maternal health during labor and immediate postpartum period as well as neonatal outcome. Method: a correlation design was adopted. The current study was conducted on 200 woman divided into four groups each group consists of 50 woman. Four tools were used to collect data; Structure Interviewing Schedule, delivery data, Postpartum Assessment Sheets and Neonatal Assessment Sheet.

[1]. Abdel Hamed, Adverse effects of interpregnancy interval on maternal health among pregnant women attending delivery at El-Manial University Hospital-Cairo University, 2011,The Medical Journal of Cairo University; 79(2).
[2]. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The association between stillbirth in the first pregnancy and subsequent adverse perinatal outcomes, 2009, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 201: 378.e1‐6.
[3]. Armstrong, ACOG updates recommendations on vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery, 2011, Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0115/p214.pdf.
[4]. Conde-Agudelo, A. Rosas-Bermudez, F. Castaño, andM.H. Norton,Effects of birth spacing on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health: a systematic review of causal mechanisms, 2012, Family Planning; 43(2): 93–114.

Abstract: Diabetic foot problems are the leading cause of diabetes-related hospital admissions and are responsible for approximately 50% of all lower limb amputations worldwide (Desalu et al., 2011 and Al-Wahbi, 2010). This study aims to evaluate the effect of diabetic foot care training program on elderly adults' outcome. The study was carried out using quasi-experimental design with pre-post test at the diabetic out-patient clinic, Minia university hospital (Teaching and training hospital). A non-probability sample of 53 diabetic elderly adults was selected. Data were collected using three tools; the first tool included questions related to demographic characteristics, health profile, medical history regarding diabetes, diabetic foot care, problems and knowledge about diabetes in general and diabetic foot in specific. The second tool is an attitude sheet regarding diabetes control measures in general and foot problems and care in specific, and the third tool is an observational check list regarding foot care..

[1]. Algarni1 AM, Khan NA and Alavudeen S., (2013): Awareness and Causes Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Diabetic Patients At Aseer Diabetic Center. International Journal of Comprehensive Pharmacys; PharmacieGlobale© (IJCP), Vol. 04, Issue 07
[2]. Gawish H (2012): Preventive foot care, Egypt. Available http://www.google.com.
[3]. Desalu O.O, Salawu FK, Jimoh AK (2011): Knowledge and practice regarding foot care among diabetic. Availablefrom: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
[4]. Al-Wahbi AM (2010): Impact of a diabetic foot care education program on lower limb amputation rate. Vascular Health and Risk Management (6):923–934.
[5]. Omoleke SA (2013): Chronic Non-comunicable diseases as a New epidemic in africa: focus on the gambia. Pan Afr Med J 2013. 14(87).
[6]. Snock FJ (2009): Psychological aspects of diabetes. Translated by HakimShoshtari M, Arzaghi SM. Tehran, Vista Publication, 2009.

Abstract:A quasi experimental approach with one group pre-test, post-test design was used 30 stroke patients among primary care givers, patients full filling the inclusive criteria, selected by purposive sampling. Tool used was structured interview schedule. The mean post-test knowledge score of the patients was more than the mean pre- test knowledge score, (p value=0.000) the stroke patient primary care giver knowledge with a extraneous variable during pre-test and post-test using Pearson chi-square test was significant ('p' value <0.001) related to all criteria in SIM, SIM was effective in improving knowledge among primary care givers of the stroke patient
This study is provided with specific evidence based knowledge for rendering comprehensive care to the stroke patient and improves primary care givers knowledge.

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Abstract:Aim: The study was carried out to test the effect of childbirth counseling on pregnant women requested for cesarean delivery.
Method: One arm intervention study was carried out at two private clinics at Mansoura, Egypt, Using the clinics database. A purposive sample of 40 women was identified based on who had planned for on demand primary Caesarean Section between October 2014 and Jan 2015.

[1] Gibbons Luz , José M. Belizán , Jeremy A Lauer , Ana P Betrán , Mario Merialdi and Fernando Althabe. (2010) The Global Numbers and Costs of Additionally Needed and Unnecessary Caesarean Sections Performed per Year: Overuse as a Barrier to Universal Coverage World Health Report, Background Paper, No 30.

[2] Marwan Khawaja, M., Jurdi, R.,MS, Kabakian-Khasholian T., (2004) Rising Trends in Cesarean Section Rates in Egypt. Birth, 31(1): 12–16. [3] MOHP (2014) Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey. Retrived at http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR54/PR54.pdf.

[4] Naeem,M., Muhammad Khan,Z., Abbas,S., Khan, A., Adil, M., Khan,M., (2015) Rate and Indication of elective and emergency cesarean section: a study in a tertiary care hospital of peshawar. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad ;27(1):151–4.

[5] Miller ES, Hahn K, Grobman WA, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Health Policy Committee. Consequences of a primary elective cesarean delivery across the reproductive life. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121:789.

Abstract:The present study documents the etiological factors of neonatal jaundice. A field survey was carried out in two different hospitals on 30 subjects. An extensive and effective questionnaire set was prepared to conduct this survey. Thirty fully completed responses were accumulated from the mothers of the neonate jaundice patients. This study reveals many insights of neonatal jaundice. There is a positive relation between gestational diabetes of mother and Bilirubin level of the neonate.

[1]. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyper Bilirubinemia. Management of hyper Bilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. July 2004; 114(1): 297-316. [Medline]. [Full text].
[2]. Keren R, Bhutani VK, Luan X, Nihtianova S, Cnaan A, Schwartz JS. Identifying newborns at risk of significant hyperBilirubinemia: a comparison of two recommended approaches. Arch Dis Child. Apr 2005;90(4):415-21. [Medline].
[3]. Bhutani VK, Johnson L, Sivieri EM. Pedictive ability of a pre-discharge hour-specific serum Bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperBilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. Pediatrics. Jan 1999;103(1):6-14. [Medline]. [Full Text].
[4]. Valaes T, Petmezaki S, Doxiadis SA. Effect on neonatal hyperBilirubinemia of phenobarabital during pregnancy or after birth: practical value of the treatment in apopulation with high risk of unexplained severe neonatal jaundice. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. Jun 1970;6(2):46-54.[Medline].

Abstract: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a health and social problem in Egypt and its burden is expected to increase among elderly as the cohort of hepatitis C entering the geriatric age. We assessed the quality of life of 179 elderly with CLD using chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). The mean score of CLDQ was 3.55 and mean scores of the six domains were 3.6, 3.6, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, and 3.4; respectively. The mean scores of the total CLDQ and its domains were statistically significantly lower in patients of 70 year; in males; in divorced and widowed elderly; in illiterate; in those living alone; in patients of non-alcoholic fatty liver than those with hepatitis B and C and in Child's B and C cirrhosis. It is the role of gerontological nurses and physicians to assess the effects of CLD on quality of life of elderly and council them.

Key Words: Chronic liver disease questionnaire – Health related quality of life – Elderly – Hepatitis C.

[1]. Younossi ZM, Guyatt G, Kiwi M, Boparai N, &King D. Development of a disease specific questionnaire to measure health related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut, 45, 1999, 295-300.
[2]. Frith J, Jones D, &Newton JL. Chronic liver disease in an ageing population.Ageand Ageing,38(1),2009, 11-18
[3]. Kim WR..Global epidemiology and burden of hepatitis C. Microbes Infect,4(12),2002,1219-1225.
[4]. Attia MA. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Egypt and Africa.AntivirTher,3(Suppl 3), 1998,1-9.
[5]. El-Zayadi A. Hepatitis B Virus Infection the Egyptian Situation.Arab J Gastroenterol, 8, 2007, 94-98.
[6]. El-Zanaty F, &Way A. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2008.Egyptian Ministry of Health, Cairo; El-Zanaty and Associates, and Macro International, 2009.

Abstract: A decrease in pulmonary function is well known after open heart surgery. Roentgenological signs of atelectasis are common, reduced lung volumes and oxygenation in the post-operative period. Post-operative treatment includes early mobilization, change of position, breathing exercises and coughing techniques. Various mechanical devices have been used in order to improve post-operative pulmonary function, for example incentive spirometry, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure breathing and blow bottle device. The blow bottle is another technique to produce expiratory resistance and the initial rationale for the technique was to expand the lungs.

[1]. Westerdahi L&Orman J,(2010): chest physiotherapy with postoperative expiratory pressure breathing after abdominal and thoracic surgery; 54;461 –467.
[2]. KulaylatMN&Dayton MT ( 2012): Surgical complications. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;276 -282.
[3]. Hery M& Thompson J, (2005): clinical nursing surgery; Edinburgh; Saunders: 252.
[4]. SchullerD&Marrow LE, (2007) pulmonary complications after coronary revascularization curropin, cardio ; 15 (5): 309 – 15.
[5]. Bartlett RH, Gazzaniga AB&Geraghty TR. (2010): Respiratory maneuvers to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. A critical review. JAMA; 224(7):1017-1021.
[6]. Duggan M& Kavanagh BP.( 2010): Perioperative modifications of respiratory function. Best Pract Res ClinAnaesthesiol.; 24(2):145-55.

Abstract: background: atrial fibrillation is most common arrhythmia in which patients suffer from palpitation as most common symptoms or patients presented as a symptomatic they need careful and concise diagnosis and treatment for their disease nurses have important role toward them through assessing ,monitoring and managing them so nurses must have full knowledge especially nursing management during occurrence these patients at critical care units.

[1]. F.F. Fred.Practical guide to the care of the medical patient 7thed. ,( Elsevier: Mosby),2007
[2]. C.L. Christine, atrial fibrillation updated management guidelines and nursing implications AmericanJournal of Nursing, 2015, Vol.115, No.5, 26-38.
[3]. American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association, management of patients with atrial fibrillation pocket guideline, 2011, 6-8.
[4]. C.Nicki,W. Brian, R. Stuart,Davidson's principles and practice of medicine 21thed.,Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2010, 562-563.
[5]. American association of critical-care nurses. Tele-Icu Nursing Practice Guidelines, 2013.

Abstract: Infection control within a health care facility reduces the risk of nosocomial infectious, thus decreases morbidity and mortality. It is associated, as well, with a decreased need to stay in the hospital for an extra-day to many weeks. Therefore, the aim of study was to assess the effectiveness of infection control standers on practice among health care personnel working in MCH centers at Qena Governorate.

[1]. Abdulraheem, I.S., Amodu, M.O., Saka, M.J., Bolarinwa, O.A., &Uthman, M.M.B.,: Knowledge, awareness, and compliance with standard precaution among health care workers in North Eastern Nigeria.J Community. Med Health Edu.; 2(3) ,2012:3-5.
[2]. Ahmed, E., Khamis, M., Younis, E. M., & Alrday, S. A.,:Effect of a Developed Educational Booklet about Standard Infection Control Precautions on Nurses' Knowledge and Practices at Woman's Health Center-Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. Med. J. Cairo Univ; 80(1), 2012, 435-445.
[3]. Alkandari, A., Aljodar, S., lbahhouh, H.A., Makboul, G., and El-Shazly, M.,: Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Reported Behavior of Primary Health Care Workers for Hepatitis B and C Virus and other Health Care Associated Infection. Greener Journal of Medical Sciences; 3 (1), 2013, 018-031. [4]. Amoran, O. E., & Onwube, O.O., : Infection control and practice of standard precautions among healthcare workers in northern Nigeria. Journal of global infectious disease; 5 (4),2013, 156-163.

Abstract: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains the crucial interventions that can be life-saving during cardiac arrest. Objectives: the study aimed to determine the nurses' knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to find out the relationship between nurses knowledge and socio-demographic data .A non- probability (purposive) sample were gathered of 50 nurses who work at critical care unit in three hospitals and centers in Baghdad city (Iben-Al-Betar center, Iraqi Center for Cardiac disease, and Baghdad teaching hospital) from 23th of February to the 25th of March 2015.

[1]. Ahmad M, Arifi A, Onselen R, Alkodami A, Zaibag M, Khaldi A and Najm H : Gender differences in the surgical management and early clinical outcome of coronary artery disease, Journal of the Saudi Heart Association,2010, vol.22, No.1: 47-53. [2]. Creager M, Beckman JA, and Loscalzo J : Vascular Medicine, A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier,2013.ch 8: 111-114.
[3]. Albert R K: Clinical Critical Care Medicine, 1sted, Elsevier Inc., New York, 2011,ch 60: 644. [4]. Antman E M.: Cardiovascular Therapeutics: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, 4th ed., an imprint of Elsevier Inc, Philadelphia,Saunders, 2013: 225, 137, 165. [5]. Henderson W: Long-Term Patency of Saphenous Vein and Left Internal Mammary Artery Grafts After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Journal of the American college of Cardiology,2010, vol.44, N0.11: 2149-2156.

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to be an important global health problem, and is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The clients with hepatitis C infection need to change their lifestyle, adopting healthy behaviors. Aim: evaluate the effect of nursing intervention for changing the lifestyle of the clients with chronic hepatitis C, Design: Quasi- experimental design was used

[1]. Carlson, M.C., Hilsabeck, R.C., Barakat, F. & Perry, W.,: Role of Sleep Disturbance in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Curr Hepatitis Rep; 9; 2010, 25–29. [2]. Castera L, Constant A, Bernard PH, de Ledinghen V, Couzigou P., Lifestyle changes and beliefs regarding disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat.; 13;2006, 482–488.
[3]. Dalglish, S., Egyptian national control strategy for viral hepatitis 2008-2012 April 2008. Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Health and Population National Committee for the Control of Viral Hepatitis. .6. [4]. Dhawan, V. K., and Anand, B.S.,: Hepatitis C,2014.

Abstract: An admixture of antifungal/antibacterial agent such as povidone-iodine and an antibacterial tissue nourisher e.g. sugar in appropriate proportions provides a stable effective antibiotic composition that facilitates healing of wounds to which it is directly applied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of applying sugardine versus povidine-iodine (Betadine) in management of pressure ulcers. Pre/post- test quasi-experimental design was used to fulfill the aim of the study.

[1]. Bames, J & Segelman, A., (2008).Sugar treats bedsores better than any antibiotic. Time Magazine/CNN. Life With ALS.com.
[2]. Biswas, A., Bharara, M., Hurst, C., Gruessner, R., Armstrong, D., &Rilo, H. (2010). Use of Sugar on the Healing of Diabetic Ulcers: A Review. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2010 September; 4(5): 1139–1145.
[3]. Cauble, D. (2010). A Critical Appraisal of Two Measures for Pressure Ulcer Assessment . Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research, Vol 10 (4). December 2010.
[4]. Cohen, P.,R. (2011).Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;1:CD003557). — (153-08)
[5]. Fitzgerald, K. (2013). Sugar May Help Heal Wounds, Small Trial Underway. Dermatology. 15 Feb 2013 4:00 PST.

Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the labour progress and outcome in primiparous women on three regimens of hydration during the active labour. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used to carry out this study at the Labour and Delivery unit, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. This study comprised 120 primiparous women in spontaneous active labour, at a cervical dilation of 4-5 cm, and uncomplicated with cardiac or renal disease. Upon the Obstetrician discretion, each eligible parturient was assigned to one of three groups; the first group received no intravenous fluid, while the second and third groups received Ringer's lactate at a rate of 125 or 250 ml/hour respectively. Labour progress of the enrolled parturients was exclusively monitored by the nursing researcher. Using two tools, data were collected. The 1st was a structured interviewing questionnaire schedule to include the parturients' basic characteristics and the labour outcome and the 2nd was the partograph to evaluate the labour progression.

[1]. Gianetti G, Burton L, Donovan R, Allen G, and Pescatello, LS. "Physiologic and psychological responses of an athlete cycling 100+ miles daily for 50 consecutive days". Current sports medicine reports. 2008;7 (6): 343–7.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Managing prolonged and obstructed labour: Education material for teachers of midwifery, second edition. World Health Organization, 2006. p. 51 available from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241546662_4_eng.pdf
[3]. Ragnar I, Altman D, Tydén T, Olsson SE. Comparison of the maternal experience and duration of labour in two upright delivery positions: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006;113(2):165–70.
[4]. Girard B, Vardon D, Creveuil C, Herlicoviez M, Dreyfus M. Discontinuation of oxytocin in the active phase of labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2009;88(2):172–177.