iosr-JNHS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov - Dec .2019

Abstract: Neurodevelopmental disorders [1] are impairments of the growth and development of the brain and/or central nervous system. A finer use of the worddenotes to a disorder of brain function that affects emotion, learning ability, self-control and memory which unfolds as an individual develops and grows.Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders arising from a malfunction of motor centers and neural pathways in the brain. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have an elevated risk of developing mental health disorders, which is partially accounted for by their levels of pain, physical activity, and sleep, according to a study. However, information is lacking about the occurrence of mental health disorders in children with cerebral palsy.Cerebral palsy is the name for a group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and co-ordination, caused by a problem with the brain that occurs before, during or soon after birth.

Keywords: cerebral palsy,Neurodevelopmental disorders

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[3]. Murray RM, Lewis SW (September 1987). "Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 295 (6600): 681–2. doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6600.681. PMC 1247717. PMID 3117295.
[4]. 4.Nosarti, A. Reichenberg, R. M.Murray et al., "Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life," Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. E1–E8, 2012.

Abstract: Obstetric fistula (OF), a hole connecting bladder or rectum to the vagina, is common in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the plight of women living with OF helps policy makers in formulating appropriate intervention programs for affected women. This paper aims to identify, critically evaluate and integrate findings of studies done in Africa. A systematic literature review was conducted. Online literature search fordocumentation of experiences of women affected by OF was conducted from EBSCOHOST (MEDLINE) and HINARI. Websites for the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Population Fund (UNFPA) and Women and Health Alliance International (WAHA) were also searched.Majority of articles (16 out of 17) for this review showed that women affected by OF suffer physical, social, emotional, economical and psychological negative consequences from the fistula problem. However, there is one study which had totally divergent views from all observations of the other sixteen studies. It noted that women living with OF continue with their lives normally in all aspects and that researchers concluded their......

Key words: literature review, obstetric fistula experiences, Africa

[1]. WHO (2019) 10 Facts on Obstetric Fistula. .
[2]. Animut M, Mamo A, Abebe L, et al. (2019) "The sun keeps rising but darkness surrounds us": a qualitative exploration of the lived experiences of women with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health19, 37.
[3]. Khisa AM, Omoni GM, Nyamongo IK, et al. (2017) "I stayed with my illness‟: a grounded theory study of health seeking behaviour and treatment pathways of patients with obstetric fistula in Kenya. BMC Womens Health17, 92.
[4]. Khisa AM, Omoni GM, Nyamongo IK, et al. (2017) "I stayed with my illness‟: a grounded theory study of health seeking behaviour and treatment pathways of patients with obstetric fistula in Kenya. BMC Womens Health17, 92.
[5]. Changole J, Thorsen VC &Kafulafula U (2017) "I am a person but I am not a person": experiences of women living with obstetric fistula in the central region of Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth17, 433.

Abstract: Sexuality is an important quality of life issue that nurses should not ignore. It encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, reproduction pleasure, and intimacy. It is recognized as a basic human need, expressed through practices and attitudes and influenced by culture. Aim of the study: To assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards sexual health in Al-Gharbyia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects and Method: -Study design:An exploratory descriptive study design was used in this study. Study settings: This study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient units of Maternity & Gynecological departments at Tanta University and El-Menshawy Hospitals, in addition to all (7) Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Centers at Tanta City....

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Nurses, Sexual health.

[1]. Boonstra HD. Meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents in school-based health centers. Guttmacher Policy Review.2015; 18(1); 21-6.
[2]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC fact sheet: Incidence, prevalence, and cost of sexually transmitted infections in the United States. 2013. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/sti-estimates-fact-sheet-feb-2013.
[3]. WHO. Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: an operational approach, 2017.
[4]. Potki R,Ziaei T,FaramarziM,Moosazadeh M, Shahhosseini Z. Bio-psycho-social factors affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health.2017: Sep; 9(9): 5172–5178.
[5]. Goldsberry J, Moore L, MacMillan D, Butler S.Assessing the effects of a sexually transmitted disease educational intervention on a fraternity and sorority members' knowledge and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. 28, 2016; 188-195.

Abstract: Welders are a group of workers whose working ability and health condition are affected by specific work-related activities, condition or materials which are hazardous to health. Welding despite its importance has been regarded as a very risky job. People usually experience occupational injuries and diseases and majority even die at work due to frequent exposure to welding hazards. Incidentally, very few studies have addressed occupational hazards and use of personal protective equipment among small scale welders in Imo State Nigeria. But to the best of the researcher's knowledge, none of these studies included Owerri North Local Government Area Imo State, Nigeria. It is in view of the above that this work was carried out to determine occupational hazards and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among small scale welders in Owerri North LGA, Imo State. The aim of.......

Keywords: Occupational Hazards; Use of Personal Protective Equipment; Small Scale welding

[1]. Ajayi, I.A., Adeoye, A.O., Bekibele, O.H., and Omotoye, J.O. (2011). Awareness and Utilization of Protective Eye Device among Welders in a Southwestern Nigeria Community. Annals of African Medicine, 10(4): 294-299.
[2]. Alexandra, V., Natarajan, S.C., Resu, A.V., Nair, S.E., Mohan, V.R., and Alex, R. (2016). Frequency of Health Problems and the Usage of PPE among Welders in Unorganized Welding units in Vellore, Southern India. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 22(4): 300–306
[3]. Alli, B.O. (2008). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety (2nd Ed.). Geneva: International Labour Office
[4]. Antonini, J.M. (2003). Health Effects of Welding. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 33(1): 61–103.
[5]. Basner, M. (2014). Auditory and non-Auditory Effects of Noise on Health. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 137(4): 2246

Abstract: Background: The threat of antimicrobial resistance due to misuse of antibiotics on 2019 receive the widespread attention deserves, since misuse of antibiotics leads to a lot of problems especially among the under five children. Assessment of the determinant of misuse is highly important. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of antibiotics misuse by the mothers in children under five years, and to assess mothers' knowledge regarding to misuse of antibiotics. Setting: The study was carried out in eight primary health care settings rendered services for under five children. Subjects: The subjects of present study comprised of "400" mothers of under-five children. Tools: Three tools were used, namely, tool (1); children and their mothers' basic data structured interview schedule, tool (2); mother's knowledge regarding to misuse of antibiotics structured questionnaire and tool (3) mother's use of antibiotics assessment questionnaire......

Keywords: Antibiotics; Misuse; Resistance; Prescription.; Awareness; left-over antibiotic

[1] Abasaeed, A Vlcek J, Abuelkhair M, Kubena A, Self Medication with antibiotics by the community of Abu Dhabi Emirates, United Arab Emirates. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3; 491-97
[2] Abu Romman H. (2013). Pattern of antibiotic use among children Int. J. Med. Med. Sci 5(6), pp. 264-272.
[3] Agarwal S, Yewale V, Dharmapalan D. (2015). Antibiotics Use and Misuse in Children: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey of Parents in India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol-9(11): SC21-SC24
[4] Al-Ayed M S.(2019) Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Antibiotic Use by Children Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences;7(2) Retrieved on November, 2019. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6503695/
[5] Al-Azzam, S.I., Al-Husein, B.A., Alzoubi, F., Masadeh, M.M., Al- Horani, M.S., (2007). Self-medication with antibiotics in Jordanian population. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 4, 373–380.

Abstract: Background: Substance abuse is one of the most life-threatening illnesses worldwide, which can be associated with adverse consequences related to repeated use of the substance, patients with substance abuse can develop symptoms similar to those seen in many psychiatric disorders including psychotic symptoms, depression, anxiety, and criminal behavior, Aim: the study aimed to identify the predictors of suicide and depression among patients with substance abuse disorders.Sample:A sample of convenience of 125 substance abuse patients who attended at outpatient clinic in Psychiatry and Addiction Prevention Hospital, El-Manial University Hospitals. Data collection tools: Sociodemographic and clinical data sheet, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Suicide Intent Inventory (BSI), were used to achieve the purpose of the study. A semi structured interview was used to collect the data from the studied sample.Main findings: Findings of the current study reveals that, most of the studied sample (97.6%) were male.....

Keywords: Predictors, Depression, Suicidal intention, Substance abuse

[1] Afolabi, B., Oladotun, A., Chinwe, I. (2014). Socio-Demographic Variables and Personality Profiles of Patients with Substance Use Disorder in a Drug Abuse Treatment Facility in Nigeria, Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol.4, No.15.
[2] Aly N, Abdel Latief S, Abdel Latief A, El Naggar A (2012). Assessment of suicidality risk factors and its management at Poison Control Center Cairo University (adolescence suicidality). J Am Sci 8:724-728.
[3] Alsirafy S, Saleh R, Fawzy R, Alnagar A, Hammad A, El Sherief W, Farag D, Radwan R (2015) The fear of using tramadol for pain control (tramadolophobia) among Egyptian patients with cancer. J Opioid Manag 11(6):474-480
[4] American Psychiatric Association .(2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifthEdition Dsm-5. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC.
[5] Arumalla, V.K., et al. Ligature Mark in Hanging – Gross and Histopathological Examination with Evaluation and Review (2016) J Addict Depend 2(2): 1- 7.

Abstract: Background: Effective parenting is vital for a child's intellectual, physical, social, and emotional development. Psychological wellbeing of parent with Down syndrome children has a major influence on of a child's development regardless of the child's intellectual functioning. Aim of the study: This study aims to assess the levels of parents stress, psychological well-being, and coping strategies among parents with Down syndrome children, and investigate the relationship between parents stress, psychological well-being, and coping strategies among parents with Down syndrome children. Research design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted at genetic outpatient in specific children hospital in Benha City, Kaluobia Governorate, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Health. Sample: Purposive sampling of 50 parents with Down syndrome children was recruited.......

Key Words: Parent Stress, Psychological Well-Being, Coping Strategies, Down Syndrome

[1]. Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M., Shattuck, P., Krauss, M., Orsmond, G., & Murphy, M. (2004): Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with Autism, Down Syndrome, or Fragile X Syndrome. American Journal on mental retardation. Volume 109, N3: 237–254.
[2]. Abou-Dagga, S. (2013): Psychological stress and resilience among parents of autistic children in Gaza Strip. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Community Mental Health (nursing science).
[3]. Abou-Youssef, H.S., Kamal,M.M., &Mehaney, D.A. (2014):Triple test screening for Down Syndrome: An Egyptian-Tailored StudyPLoS One. 2014; 9(10): e110370.
[4]. Al-Aama, J.Y., Bondagji, N.S., & El-Harouni, A.A. (2012): Congenital heart defects in Down Syndrome patients from Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 33, 1211-1215.
[5]. Al-Biltagi, M. (2015): Epidemiology and prevalence of Down syndrome.Research Article - Neuropsychiatry (2015) Volume 5, Issue 1. Pp. 3-44 -42.

Abstract: The effects of right lateral positioning have several mechanisms that cause a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and slow down the heart rate so that it will reduce the workload of the heart in patients with congertive heart failure (CHF). Right lateral positioning also results in a smaller workload of respiratory function in CHF patients which will improve patient oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving Right lateral positioning on hemodynamic in patients with CHF in the period of circadian cycle. The research design is quasi-experimental. The research sample of 32 respondents taken by consecutive sampling technique. Hemodynamic measurements performed included systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation, each measured 4 times. Bivariate analysis using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the measurement of systolic BP, diastolic BP, MAP, HR, RR, and oxygen saturation between......

Keywords: Right Lateral Positioning, Hemodynamics, CHF, Circadian Cycle

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[5] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2014). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RIKESDAS). Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Abstract: Background: Violent behavior of psychiatric patients is a public health problem. It presents obvious risks of injuries or death of assailants and their victims. Consequently, control of violence in health care sitting becomes a top priority to maintain the milieu and safety on the psychiatric unit. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the psycho - educational program about violence on nurses' knowledge and practice. Design: This study followed a quasi- experimental researchdesign. Setting: This study conducted at Tanta Mental Health Hospital affiliated to ministry of health and population.Subject: The subjects of this study included 50 psychiatric nurses 20 of them work in female ward, and 30 nurse works in male ward.....

Key words: Violence, Educational Program, Nurses' Knowledge, Nurses' Practice.

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[4] Franz S., Aggression and violence against health care workers in Germany – a cross sectional retrospective survey. BMC Health Services Research, 2010; 10(3): 1–8.
[5] Bimenyimana E. The Lived Experience of Aggression and Violence in a Gauteng Psychiatric Institution. Unpublished MC Psychiatric Nursing Mini-dissertation. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. 2009; 4-13.