iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: Traditional meter reading for electricity consumption and billing is done by human operator from houses to houses and building to building. This requires huge number of labor operators and long working hour to achieve complete area data reading and billing. Human operator billing or prone to reading error as sometime the houses electric power meter is place in a location where it is not easily accessible. The concept is to reduce the time delay .Hence it need not wait for the slack time of other previously task .The power management system is consists of Zigbee Digital Power meters installed in every consumer unit and an Electricity e-Billing system at the energy provider side. The Zigbee Digital Power meter (ZPM) is a single phase digital kWh power meter with embedded Zigbee modem which utilize the Wireless sensor network to send its power usage reading using information back to the energy provider wirelessly.

[1]. L. Shiwei, etc, "Design of an automatic meter reading system," Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE IECON 22nd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, pp.631-636, Aug. 1996
[2]. Liting Cao, Jingwen Tian and Dahang Zhang, "Networked Remote Meter-Reading System Based on Wireless Communication Technology" in International Conference on Information Acquisition, 2006 IEEE.
[3]. Liting Cao, Wei Jiang, Zhaoli Zhang "Automatic Meter Reading System Based on Wireless Mesh Networks and SOPC Technology" in International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, 2009 IEEE.
[4]. Baronti P, Pillai P, Chook V, Chessa S, Gotta A, Hu Y. Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. Computer Communications 2007; 30: 1655–1695.
[5]. Bo Chen, Mingguang Wu, Shuai Yao, and Ni Binbin,2009 IEEE." ZigBee Technology And Its Application On Wireless Meter Reading System".

Abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of wireless sensor nodes. Since wireless sensor nodes are battery powered devices, they have limited processing and transmission power. In order to transmit sensing data to receiver effectively, it is important to design a routing protocol for WSNs. Since energy conservation is a key issue in WSNs, data aggregation should be exploited in order to save energy. In this case, redundant data can be aggregated at intermediate nodes reducing the size and number of exchanged messages and, thus, decreasing communication costs and energy consumption. This paper propose an Enhanced Forward Aware Factor-Energy Balanced Routing Method (EFAF-EBRM) based on Data aggregation technique that has some key aspects such as a reduced number of messages for setting up a routing tree, maximized number of overlapping routes, high aggregation rate, and reliable data aggregation and transmission.. In the experiments, proposed method is compared with FAF-EBRM and LEACH. Experimental results show that proposed method outperforms FAF-EBRM and LEACH, which balances the energy consumption, prolongs the network function lifetime and provides the best aggregation quality .
Keywords: forward aware factor(FAF), Energy balance, Routing, Wireless sensor networks(WSNs).

[1] A. L. Barabási, ―Scale-free networks: A decade and beyond,‖ Science, vol. 325, no. 5939, pp. 412–413, 2009.
[2] D. G. Zhang and X. D. Zhang, ―Design and implementation of embedded un-interruptible power supply system (EUPSS) for web-based mobile application,‖ Enterprise Inf. Syst., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 473–489, 2012.
[3] W. B. Heinzelman, A. P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, ―An application- specific protocol architecture for wireless sensor networks,‖ IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 660–670, Oct. 2002.
[4] I. K. Samaras and G. D. Hassapis, ―A modified DPWS protocol stack for 6LoWPAN-based wireless sensor networks,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 209–217, Feb. 2013.
[5] D.G. Zhang, ―Anew approach and system for attentivemobile learning based on seamless migration,‖ Appl. Intell., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 75–89, 2012.

Abstract: Medicines have helped to make our lives easy. Drug industry is developing industry in terms of
production as well as consumption. Medication has become very important in everyone's life as we are affected
by so many diseases. But these medicines might be defected, tablets may be broken, there may be missing tablet
in a strip and consumption of these drugs might be dangerous. This paper shows a method in digital image
processing technique to find the defects in tablets. In this paper we use mathematical manipulation, to detect the
defected tablet packet.
Keywords: Digital Image Processing, Morphology opening, Preprocessing.

[1] Abha Sharma1,SugandhaArora " Inspection and Classification of Defects in Pharmaceutical Capsules Using Neural Network"
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ISSN: 2278-067X, Volume 1, Issue 10 (June 2012), PP.41-45
[2] ŞtefanOprea, IoanLiţă, Mariana Jurianu, Daniel AlexandruVişan, Ion BogdanCioc, "Digital Image Processing Applied in Drugs
Industry for Detection of Broken Aspirin Tablets" Electronics, Communications and Computers Department, University of Pitesti
Str.Targul din Vale Nr. 1 Pitesti, Romania,2008
[3] F Anthony C.karleff, Neil E.Scott& Robert Muscedure, Flexible Design for a cost effective,high throughput Inspection system for
pharmaceutical capsules. IEEE, 2008
[4] Dong-Su Kim, Wang-Heon Lee , In-So Kweon, "Automatic edge detection using 3x3 ideal binary pixel patterns and fuzzy-based
edge thresholding," in Pattern Recognition Letters in 2004
[5] El-Khamy,S.E., Lotfy,M., El-Yamany,N.A.,"A Modified Fuzzy Sobel Edge Detector",17. National Radio Science Conference,
Feb.22-24 2000, Minufiya University, Egypt

Abstract: In today's world the life has become very fast. The factors like increasing pollution and increasing population has affected day-to-day life. The number of vehicles and undisciplined traffic has invited the number of accidents every day. Road accidents are ever increasing in our country also. The victims are losing their lives as there is inordinate delay in reaching the hospitals and getting the medical treatment well within the time. Also, with rapid urbanization, vehicles are also increasing. More the number of vehicles more are probability of accidents. The government took a number of initiatives and many awareness programs but accident rate remains high.

[1] Saurabh S. Chakole , Vivek R. Kapur, Y. A. Suryawanshi, ―ARM Hardware Platform for Vehicular Monitoring and Tracking,‖ International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, pp.757-761,
[2] U. D. for Transport. (2011) Reported road casualties in Great Britain: Quarterly provisional estimates q1 2011. [Online].Available:http://www.dft.gov.uk/statistics/releases/road-accidents-and-safety-quarterly-estimates-q1-2011.

Abstract: In this paper, a new algorithm with multi constraints that can be used in active noise control is presented. This can be used to maintain the particular system power budget and prevent over driving. The filter used for the constraints is frequency domain of least mean square algorithm. A limiting factor is used in the algorithm to reduce the effect of the filter response at other frequencies. The algorithm can be either used in gain or output power constraint. The algorithm shows the better convergence rate than the existing algorithms. The finding of correct convergence point can be done through the secondary path.

[1]. Romain Serizel, Marc Moonen,Jan Wouters, and Søren Holdt Jensen, "A Zone-of-Quiet Based Approach to Integrated Active Noise Control and Noise Reduction for Speech Enhancement in Hearing Aids", in IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 20(6), 1558-7916(2012)
[2]. Muhammad Tahir Akhtar and Wataru Mitsuhashi, "Improving Performance of Hybrid Active Noise Control Systems for Uncorrelated Narrowband Disturbances", in IEEE Trans.Signal Process. 19(7), 1558-7916(2011)
[3]. Roberto Napoli and Luigi Piroddi, "Nonlinear Active Noise Control With NARX Models", in IEEE Trans. Signal Process.18 (2), 1558-7916(2010)
[4]. Liang Wang and Woon-Seng Gan, "Convergence Analysis of Narrowband Active Noise Equalizer System Under Imperfect Secondary Path Estimation", in IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 17(4), 1558-7916(2009)
[5]. Yegui Xiao, Liying Ma and Koji Hasegawa, "Properties of FXLMS-Based Narrowband Active Noise Control With Online Secondary-Path Modeling", in IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 57(8), 1053-587X (2009)

Abstract: A simple and efficient method of achieving multiband operation on a microstrip patch antenna is presented on this paper. The patch is designed by simply modifying the crown square geometry, which is fractal geometry. Multiband characteristic is obtained by the self similar property of the designed patch. Method to vary the operational frequencies for one antenna is also suggested. The physical dimensional parameters of the designed antenna can be adjusted so as to obtain the frequencies to some useful frequency ranges. The proposed antennas are giving broadside radiation on the working frequencies. The antennas are designed using finite element method based HFSS and its performance is demonstrated in terms of return loss, radiation pattern and VSWR.

[1] C. Puente, C. B. Borau, M. N. Rodero, and J. R. Robert, An Iterative Model for Fractal Antennas: Application to the Sierpinski Gasket Antenna, IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, AP-48,5, May 2000, PP. 713-719.
[2] Douglas H. Werner and Suman Gangul ,An Overview' of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 45, NO. I , February 2000, PP38-57
[3] Kuem c. Hwang ,A modified Sierpinski Fractal Antenna for Multiband Application, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 6, 2007 PP-357-360
[4] Carles Puente-Baliarda, Jordi Romeu, Rafael Pous and Angel Cardama , On the Behavior of the Sierpinski Multiband Fractal Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 4, April 1998, PP 517-524
[5] S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, and T. Shanmuganantham, A Sierpinski Fractal Based Microstrip Patch Antenna For Wireless Power Transmission System, ©2010 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Volume 1 – No. 13.
[6] C. T. P. Song, P. S. Hall, and H. Ghafouri-Shiraz, Perturbed Sierpinski Multiband Fractal Antenna with Improved Feeding Technique, IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 51, NO. 5, MAY 2003.

Abstract: In this paper, design of wideband Coaxial Probe feed P-Shaped Dielectric Resonant Antenna is proposed. The proposed structure has bandwidth of 4.1GHz (S11< -10dB) ranging from 5.05GHz to 9.15GHz which is 85.4% of total bandwidth from 4.5GHz to 9.3GHz. Antenna has return loss of -61.29dB that is only a micro part of input power is reflected back resulting to a highly efficient antenna. Designed antenna is a low profile antenna with height of 10mm.Resonant frequency of proposed antenna is 6.14 GHz, suitable for wireless system like WiMAX, WLAN, C-band applications. Simulation and parametric analyses of proposed P-shaped antenna is done using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio Suite 10.
Keywords: Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), Impedance bandwidth (IBW), Perfect conductor, Resonant frequency, Return loss (S11).

[1] R.K. Mongia and A. Ittipiboon, "Theoretical and experimental investigations on rectangular dielectric resonator antenna,‖ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 1348–1356, Sep. 1997.
[2] Mohsen Khalily, Md. Kamal A. Rahim, Ahmed A. Kishik, Shadi Danesh, ―Wideband P-Shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna,‖ Radio-engineering, vol. 22, No. 1, April 2013.
[3] Bin LI, Kwok Wa Leung, ―Strip-Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas With/Without a Parasitic Patch,‖ IEEE Transaction On Antennas And Propagation, vol. 53, NO. 7, July 2005.
[4] Debatosg Guha, Yahia M. M. Antra, ―Four-Element Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Monopole-Like Radiation,‖ IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Propagation,‖ vol. 54, no. 6, Sept. 2006.
[5] M. F. Ain, Y. M. Qasaymeh, Z. A. Ahmed, M. A. Zakariya, M. A. Othman, A.S. Sulaiman, S. D. Hutaga lung and M. Z. Abdullah, ―A Novel 8.5 GHz Array Dielectric Resonator Antenna,‖ Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 15, 201–210, 2010..

Abstract: Studies on mobile space charge effect in the depletion layer of heterojunction Si/Si0.9Ge0.1 IMPATT diode (p+pnn+ structure with p+ = Si1-xGex, p = Si1-xGex, n = Si and n+ = Si; mole fraction x = 0.1) has been simulated at 94 GHz window frequency. The simulation study based on drift-diffusion model for the study of DC, high frequency and negative resistivity properties of the device at different bias current densities has been carried out. The maximum DC-to-millimeter wave conversion efficiency of 14.82% is obtained at a bias current density of 0.7  108 A/m2. Si/Si1-xGex DDR Impatts is found to give peak negative conductance at about 92 GHz (close to 94 GHz design window frequency) for a bias current density of 0.7  108 A/m2. The device performance degrades with mobile space charge effect at bias current densities exceeding 2.0  108 A/m2. Hence bias current density up to 2  108 A/m2 may be considered as the limit to realize high efficiency with high power from the device.
Keywords: Conversion efficiency, Heterojunction, Impatt diode, Millimeter wave, Space charge

[1] Soumen Banerjee, Dynamic characteristics of Impatts diodes based on Wide bandgap and Narrow band gap semiconductors at W- band, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 3(3), 2011, 2149-2159.
[2] Soumen Banerjee and J.P Banerjee,Si/Si1-xGex hetero junction SDR and DDR Impatts at W-band and its comparison with Si Impatts, Proc. of International Conference on Communication, Computers and Devices, IIT(Kgp), Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, December 2010.
[3] X. Bi, Jack R. East, U. Ravaioli and G.I. Haddad, A Monte Carlostudy of Si/SiGe MITATT Diodes for Terahertz power generation, Solid State Electronics, 5(52), 2008, 688-694.
[4] E. J. Brailovskii, L. A. Matveeva, G. D. Melnikov, J. F. Mikhailov, S. N. Semenova, J. A. Tkhovis, L. S. Khazan, V. Laichtev and J. Cervenak, Si1-xGex GaAs Hetero junction Impatt Diodes, Crystal Research and Technology, 3(21), 2006, 413-421.
[5] S. K. Panigrahi and A. K. Panda,High frequency and Noise characteristics of Si/Si1-xGex based heterostructure Impatts/Mitatts, IETE Technical review, 2(21), 2004, 125-132.

Abstract: The analysis of the human voice has arisen as an important area of study for its various applications in medical as well as engineering sciences. Voice analysis basically deals with extraction of some parameters from voice signal for processing of voice in desirable applicability by using suitable techniques. This paper states the certain common medical conditions which affect voice patterns of patients in evidence to leading research studies that had verified the voice alterations as diagnosis symptom in respective medical conditions. As well as, a comparative study of voice analysis techniques will be presented and special emphasis is given to certain prominent biomedical tools that are commercially available and are fundamentally based on voice analysis technology. Recent advancements in the field of voice analysis systems are also given.
Keywords: Voice analysis systems, pathological voice conditions, voice analysis techniques, voice feature extraction, time domain, frequency domain, and dysphonia.

[1] Kempelen W.V., "Le mechanisme de la parole, Suivi de la description d'une machine parlante", J.V.Degen, 1791.
[2] Wheatstone C., "The scientific papers of Sir Charles Wheatstone Taylor and Francis", London, 1879.
[3] Sakar B.E., Isenkul M.E., Sakar C.O., Sertbas A., Gurgen F., Delil S., Apaydin H., Kursun O., "Collection and Analysis of a Parkinson Speech Dataset With Multiple Types of Sound Recordings", IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health informatics, 17(4), 828-34, 2013.
[4] Lee L., Chamberlain L.G., Loudon R.G., Stemple J.C., " Speech segment durations produce by healthy and asthmatic subjects" , J Speech Hear Disorder, 53(2), 186-193, May 1988.
[5] Lee L., Loudon R.G., Jacobson B.H., Stuebing R., "Speech breathing in patients with lung disease", Pub Med, 147(5), 1199-1206, May 1993.

Abstract: Mammography is a best technique for early detection of breast cancer. This paper deals with the detection of micro calcification on mammographic images. It appears as white speckles in images. Micro calcification is a tiny bit, which may not be clearly visible because of low contrast in the image. Our goal is to apply image processing technique to enhance the images and subsequently extract the features from the suspicious region with great accuracy and reliability to detect whether micro calcification is malignant or not.
Keywords: Micro calcification, malignant tumor

[1]. Y.Ireanus ,Digital mammogram segmentation and tumour detection using artificial neural networks, in international journal of soft computing ,2008, pp.112-119.
[2]. J.Bozek,K.Delac,M.grgic, Computer aided detection and diagnosis of breast abnormalities in digital mammography in 50th international symposium sep2008
[3]. A.V.Deshpande,S.P Narotee, A Region Growing Segmentation for detection of microcalcification in digitized mammogram, proceeding of international conference on cognition and Recognition.
[4]. T.Nizialek,W.R.Brody, Segmentation algorithm for detecting microcalcification in mammogram ,IEEE Transactions on Information technology in Bio medicine,Jun1997,vol no.2,pp-141-149.
[5]. S.Yang yu,L.Guan, A CAD system for the automatic detection of clustersd microcalcification in digitized mammogram films, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging ,vol.19,feb2000.

Abstract: In this paper the Sierpinski Carpet based fractal microstrip antenna with zero, first and second iterations is implemented. Fractal antenna has been extensively investigated because of its multiband operation and compact size. This paper presents a fractal based antenna using Sierpinski carpet geometry. A simple microstrip antenna with the zero iteration, first iteration and the second iteration Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna were designed and optimized. The simple microstrip antenna obtains a return loss of -29.22dB at the resonant frequency of 2.46 GHz. The first iteration Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna provides a return loss of
-31.04 dB at the resonant frequency of 2.2 GHz, -14.79 dB at 3.803 GHz and -19.81dB at 4.3580 GHz. The second iteration Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna resonates at 2.19GHz, 3.79GHz, and 4.38 GHz with return loss of -25.69dB,-14.30dB,-19.60dB respectively. In this paper patch volume reduced up to 20.85% and also we obtain optimum VSWR & return loss .The substrate material is FR4 epoxy with dielectric constant 4.4 .Entire design implemented and simulated on HFSS-13.
Keywords: Fratcal geometry, HFSS , Microstrip antenna, Sierpinski carpet, VSWR

[1] Shrestha, S.; Jung-Jin Park; Sun-Kuk Noh; Dong-You Choi, "Design of 2.45 GHz Sierpinski fractal based miniaturized microstrip patch antenna," Communications (APCC), 2012 18th Asia-Pacific Conference on , vol., no., pp.36,41, 15-17 Oct. 2012.
[2] Shrestha, S.; Seung-Jo Han; Sun-Kuk Noh; Sunwoong Kim; Hyun-Bai Kim; Dong-You Choi, "Design of modified Sierpinski fractal based miniaturized patch antenna," Information Networking (ICOIN), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.274,279, 28-30 Jan. 2013.
[3] Douglas H.Werner;Suman Ganguly:"An Overview of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research" IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine,Vol.45,No-1,February 2003.
[4] S. Suganthi, Member LACSIT; D.Kumar; S.Raghvan;"Design & simulation of miniaturized multiband fractal antennas for microwave applications." International Journal of Information & Electronics Enginering, Vol-2, N0.5, September-2012.
[5] Kulbir Singh,;Vinit Garewal; Rajiv Saxena; "A Fractal Antennas: A Novel miniaturization technique for wireless communication." International Journal of recent trends in Engineering, Vol-2, No.5,November-2009

Abstract: A wide band CPW fed antenna for wireless communication applications such as WLAN (5.2 GHz) and RFID (5.8 GHz), is presented in this paper. The antenna consist of finite substrate dimensions (20×15 mm2).This antenna is realized on FR4 epoxy substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.002.It has desired antenna characteristics such as return loss better than 10dB, VSWR, gain and radiation pattern at the specified resonant frequencies. The B.W of antenna (1130 MHz) is greatly improved by optimizing the width and length of the slots. The antenna is simulated using Mentor Graphics IE3D 15.10 electromagnetic solver and fabricated. There is good matching between measured and simulated results.
Keywords: Antenna parameters, CPW fed, RFID, WLAN, Wide band.

[1] Chen, S. Y. and P. Hsu, "CPW-fed folded-slot antenna for 5.8 GHz RFID tags," Electron Letter, Vol. 40, No. 24, 1516-1517, 2004.
[2] Li, K., C. H. Cheng, T. Mastui, and M. Izusu, "Coplanar patch antennas," Proceedings of IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Sym., 402-405, 2001.
[3] Qing, X. and N. Yang, "A folded dipole antenna for RFID," Proceedings of Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 97-100, 2004.
[4] Ukkonen, L. and L. Sydanheimo, "A novel tag design using inverted-F antenna for radio frequency identification of metallic objects," Proceedings of Advances in Wired and Wireless Communication, 2004 IEEE /Sarnoff Symposium, 91-94, 2004.
[5] T.Shanmuganantham, K. Balamanikandan, and S.Raghavan, "CPW-Fed Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2008, pp.1 - 4, Hindawi Publication,U.S.A., 2008.

Abstract: Radio over fiber is an analog transmission in which radio frequency is modulated with laser diode. It is an integration of wireless and fiber optic network .Today the peek requirement is capacity of the channel so optical communication has come in picture. The future provision of multimedia and broadband the radio over fiber systems are good option. In this paper, four signals are transmitted for 120 km. through single mode fiber with erbium doped fiber amplifier. Two base stations are introduced at 40 km. each to add and drop a particular signal. The well known advantages of fiber such as low loss, light weight, large bandwidth, small size, low cable cost are very useful in optical communication. Warless sensor network is used where battery recharge or replacement is impossible so network life time is more important. In this paper we are presenting a heterogeneous network in which various energy efficient technologies are used .It is an essential technology for the provision of access to broadband wireless communication in a range of application. Their transmission properties are very useful in their implementation as the backbone of a wireless network.
Keyword: Erbium-doped fiber, central station, Optic-system software, Radio over fiber, semiconductor

[1] Smith G.H. et al [1998], "A Millimeter-Wave Full-Duplex Fiber-Radio Star-Tree Architecture Incorporating WDM and SCM" IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 10, No.11
[2] Lu Hai-Han et al [2007] "A Full-Duplex Radio-on-Photonic Crystal Fiber Transport System," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 19, No. 11.
[3] Lu Hai-Han et al [2008] "Full-Duplex Radio-on-Fiber Transport System Based on Main and Multiple Side Modes Injection-Locked DFB Laser Diode" Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology.
[4 ] Pham Thang T. et al [2008]" Bidirectional 1.25-Gbps WDM-PON with Broadcasting Function Using A Fabry-Perot Laser Diode and RSOA ", Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Vol. 12, No. 4, December 2008, pp.
[5] 11Ji Ho-Chul et al [2009] "Full-Duplex Radio-Over- Fiber System using Phase-Modulated Downlink and Intensity- Modulated Uplink". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 21, No. 1

Abstract: The fifth generation wireless 5G development initiative is based upon 4G, which at present is struggling to meet its performance goals. The comparison between 3G and 4G wireless communication systems in relation to its architecture, speed, frequency band, switching design basis and forward error correction is studied, and were discovered that their performances are still unable to solve the unending problems of poor coverage, bad interconnectivity, poor quality of service and flexibility. An ideal 5G model to accommodate the challenges and shortfalls of 3G and 4G deployments is discussed as well as the significant system improvements on the earlier wireless technologies. The radio channel propagation characteristics for 4G and 5G systems is discussed. Major advantages of 5G network in providing myriads of services to end users personalization, terminal and network heterogeneity, intelligence networking and network convergence among other benefits are highlighted.The significance of the study is evaluated for a fast and effective connection and communication of devices like mobile phones and computers, including the capability of supporting and allowing a highly flexible network connectivity.
Keywords: Data rates, Interfacing, Mobile communications, Packet switching mode, Remote servers, Wireless networks

[1] G. Abdullah, L. Xichun, Lina Yang, Omar Zakaria, and NorBadrulAnuar, Multi-Bandwidth Data Path Design for 5GWireless Mobile Internets, 6(2), ISSN: 1790-0832. 2009
[2] F.G. Bria, 4th Generation Wireless Infrastructures: Scenarios and Research Challenges, IEEE Personal Communications, 8(1), 2010
[3] T. Janevski,5G Mobile Phone Concept, Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 6th IEEE [1-4244-2308-2], 2009
[4] W. W. Lu, An Open Baseband Processing Architecture for Future Mobile Terminals Design, IEEE Wireless Communications,2008
[5] H. Honkasalo, WCDMA and WLAN for 3G and Beyond,IEEE Wireless Communications, 9(2), 2002, 14 – 18.