IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Landmines: A Threat to Sustainable Development
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Imtiaz Ahmed
	:	10.9790/0837-19340108

Abstract: Landmines are one of the most environmentally destructive aftermaths of war facing the world today. The global landmine problem has transcended both humanitarian and sociological concerns to bring about environmental damage. Disruption of land's stability, pollution and loss of biodiversity constitute major ecological repercussions of landmine crisis. This paper aim to emphasise how landmines are having devastating impact on economy, led to loss of biodiversity, ecological crisis, soil contamination, loss of productivity, threat to food security, community health, poverty and social marginalisation. Landmines are threat to sustainable development as all above issues are interlinked. Its contamination led to under-development of nation because of access denial to utilise natural resources like water, forest, land etc. Excessively intensive cultivation

[1] Landmine Monitor Report 1999, "Humanitarian Mine Action" Accessed at http://www.icbl.org.
[2] J.Marshall Beier, "Sitting Indiscriminacy: India and the Global Movement to Ban Landmines," Global Governance, Vol. 8, No. 3: 305-321, July-September 2002 http://www.jstor.org/ stable/27800347
[3] Andersson N, da Sousa CP, Paredes S. 1995. "Social cost of land mines in four countries: Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cambodia, and Mozambique," British Medical Journal, Vol. 311, pp.71- 721.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Peterlik Karl, "Working Without Illusion: Key Note Address," in Christopher S Raj (ed.), Stalking Terror: Landmines in Peace and War, Delhi: Words smiths, 2000, p.55.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Sociolinguistic Survey of Nigerian English Spoken in Nigerian Public Sector; A case Study of Wukari Local Government Secretariat.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Daniel Dangana
	:	10.9790/0837-19340913

Abstract:The study is aimed at examining the sociolinguistic survey of Nigerian English spoken in Wukari Local Government Secretariat. The primary source of data collection was employed. That is, structured questionnaire employed to elicit information from the respondent. Based on analysis, the outcome of the research show some Nigerian expression like; let me land, I want to drop, I beg, the staff officer is suppose to sign, how far with my application for leave, you better leave the work undone were identified. Recommendations were made with a view of giving the Nigerian English a distinct position. The Nigerian English should have an agreed norms and conventions that can be used as model for education and public use. It should be codified and represented in dictionaries. The standard form of Nigerian English should not only be introduced into our academic system in Nigeria, but also be given a priority so as to show case the uniqueness of Nigerian English as it related to other English around the world.

[1] Bamiro E., "What is Nigerian English in languages research". Bulleting Vol. 3, No. 1 pergomen. (1988).
[2] Adekunle M., The standard Nigerian English in Sociolinguistics perspective. Journal of the English students Association Vol. 6 No. 1 (1974)
[3] Adejare. Maquette pour le projet "lexiques d' Afrique (1989)
[4] Salami A. "Defining a standard English in Nigerian English study Association" Journal No:2 pp. 47-55
[5] Obbilade, A On the Nativization of English language in Nigeria Anthropological Linguistics; vol 26; no 2; (1984)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Psycho-Social Aspect of Indecent Dressing: Influence of Gender, Dress Pattern and Physical Attractiveness on Sexual Harassment
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Alhaji Ahmadu Ibrahim, Ali Haruna
	:	10.9790/0837-19341419

Abstract: The study investigated the Psycho-social Aspect of Indecent Dressing: Influence of Gender, Dress Pattern and Physical Attractiveness on Sexual Harassment among University Undergraduates Students. 100 Undergraduate students of Yobe State University participated in the study.Dress pattern questionnaire (DPQ) was used to measure dressing pattern (Decent x Indecent), photographs were used to assess physical attractiveness and the Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (SHQ) was used as the dependent measure. The results were statistically significant for Gender F (1,100) = 5.885, P < 0.05 and Dress Pattern, F (1,100) = 719, P < 0.05. The implication of this finding is that those students who dress indecently and who are females whether attractive or unattractive are highly prone to Sexual Harassment.

1] Adebayo, (2000). Dress pattern in Nigeria Universities, Family, Religion and School and Peer Influence. http//www.nigeriaEdu,htim
[2] Alper, J. (1993). The Pipe Line is Leaking Women all the way Long. Science,260, 409-411.
[3] Archer, J. (1996). Sex Differences in Social Behaviour. Are the social role and Evolutionary Explanations Compatible? American Psychologist, 51, 909-917.
[4] Aube, J, & Koestner, R. (1992). Gender Characteristics and Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 485-493.
[5] Bachamas, Foster & Eijnden. (2002). Dress Pattern in Caribbean University. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 641, 531-532.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fighting the Colonial Shadow in the Postcolonial Marathi Theatre: A Redefinition of Culture, Tradition and Myths of India from 1843-Present
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sayan Dey
	:	10.9790/0837-19342024

Abstract: The impact of the massive world wars led to universal fragmentation. The existing socio-cultural believes and practices were subjected to strict scrutiny. The massive economic losses incurred by the European countries proved to be a blessing for the colonized nations across the continents. After 1945, most of the nations across Africa and Asia gained independence. Theory already merging with the practical life of the individuals attained a new shape with the emergence of 'Postcolonial Theory.' Initially regarded as a powerful, celebratory concept, it is imprinted with several potholes. The sudden withdrawal of the colonial powers, created voids, which the nations are still struggling to fill up. The newly found independence created multiple conflicts and confusions in various fields including art and literature. This paper intends to highlight the impact of postcolonial conflicts on Marathi theatre and its struggle against the colonial shadow.

Key Words: universal fragmentation, postcolonial theory, potholes, colonial powers, Marathi theatre, colonial shadow.

[1] Shanta Gokhale. Playwright at the Centre: Marathi Drama from 1843 to the Present. (Calcutta: Seagull Books, 2000)
[2] Pramod K. Nayar. Literary Theory Today. (New Delhi: Asia Book Club, 2006)
[3] David Kerr. African Theatre: Southern Africa. (New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2004)
[4] Aparna Bhargava Dhadwadker. Theatres of Independence: Drama, Theory and Urban Performance in India since 1947. (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2005)
[5] Partha Chatterjee. The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993)
[6] Mahesh Elkunchwar. Collected Plays of Mahesh Elkunchwar, (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009)
[7] Bhargavram Vitthal Warerkar.Mazha Nataki Sansar,(Mumbai: Popular Pakashan, 1995)
[8] G.P. Deshpande. Marathi Drama: The Journey of a Social Consciousness. (Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1991)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Towards a Feminist Interpretation of Islam: Faith and Gender in the Work of Fatima Mernissi.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shazia Malik
	:	10.9790/0837-19342528

Abstract: Most recently, religious identification has taken on political significance in post-colonial Arab Countries. Social, economic, military and political failures have galvanised, reactionary religious responses to western domination and globalization. This paper is concerned with Islamic/ Arab feminism, and seeks to analyze its contributions, with the focus on the work of one Arab feminist, Fatima Mernissi. By bringing in issues of faith, identities, colonialism and culture to feminism, she has made a substantial contribution to the enrichment of feminist thought. To analyse Fatima Mernissi's thought I shall go through her sociological and feminist works. A Moroccan by birth, Mernissi's primary concern has all along been with the position of women in the rapidly changing Muslim communities in the Arab world, in particular, Morocco.

Keywords: Feminist Theology, third world feminism, Islamic Feminism, Patriarchy, Gender and Islam.

1] Fatima Mernissi, Beyond the Veil: Male- Female Dynamics in a Modern Muslim society, (Schenkman Publicating Co., Inc.Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1975)
[2] Fatima Mernissi, Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern world, translated by Mary Jo Lakeland, (New York Addison-Wolsey Publishing Co., 1992)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Indian Constitution: The Vision of B. R. Ambedkar
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kamal Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-19342936

Abstract: The inception of the Indian Constitution in 1950 was a significant event not only in the political history of India but also in the history of 'social justice' and 'human rights'. At the same time, it has opened up new avenues of human welfare and development in the Indian subcontinent by providing equal rights and privileges to the citizens at large. The Constitution of independent India was meant more than a mere legal manuscript—that likely to structure the norms of governing as well as define the functions of various key institutions and political actors—for the whole society in general and underprivileged sections in particular. The latter were exploited in multiple ways over the centuries owing to the dominant social order of Hindu society, and perhaps this is why, they had a lot of expectations from the newly adopted legal document. The primary aim of the paper is to examine the fact that to what extent the Indian Constitution comprises the vision of B. R. Ambedkar and more specifically, to explore the ways in which the social and political philosophy of Ambedkar have influenced the development of constitution-making in India. Keywords: B. R. Ambedkar, constitutionalism, constitutional provisions, depressed classes, human right, Indian Constitution, social justice.

[1]. Ambedkar, B. R. 1956. Prospects of Democracy in India. New Delhi: Critical Quest.
[2]. Ambedkar, B. R. 1937. Annihilation of Caste, 2nd ed., Bombay: Education Department.
[3]. Bhatia, K. L. eds. 1994. Dr. B R Ambedkar: Social Justice and the Indian Constitution. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publication.
[4]. Bajpai, Rochana. 2011. Debating Differences: Groups Rights and Liberal Democracy in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
[5]. Chatterjee, Partha. 2007. The Politics of the Governed. 2nd ed. Delhi: Permanent Black.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ethics and Accountability in Public Service of Nigeria: The Obligation Theory Perspective
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Victor Mkuma Bem
	:	10.9790/0837-19343739

Abstract: This study sought to establish the practicability and extent to which Ethics and Accountant ability ethos are entrenched in the Nigerian Public Service, with the view to ascertaining the level to which the country's development is affected positively or negatively. In this regard secondary data by way of content analysis was extensively used. Personal observation also contributed to the study. The study found that adequate mechanisms and infrastructure has been put in place to facilitate Ethical and Accountability standards in the Nigerian Public Service, but without achieving envisaged results. The Service therefore is not transparent in its conduct and consequently exhibit high level corruption. It is therefore suggested that moral tuition and enlightenment campaigns be carried out to ensure that good leaders are elected, in order to also develop the political will to enforce sanctions against misconduct in the service, thereby enhancing general societal development.

[1] Amanda, S(1992)The Chameleon of Accountability, University Meiboune, Graduate School of Management 1992
[2] Toumboh, M.A (1990) Public Enterprises; the Nigerian Experience. Latern Books Lagos Nigeria
[3] Dyskta, C.A "The Quest for Responsibility" American Political Science Review journal Volume 33No.1 February 1939
[4] Corruption Perception Index Report (2013 Ed)
[5] Haruna, M. "On Ethics and Leadership in Africa II"( Daily Trust July 10, 2013.Published by Media Trust Limited)
[6] Vandrokhoven Rollins dogspot.com Theory of Obligation 2010

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Psycho-Behavioural Treatment/Management of Prematureejaculation among Adults
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ali Haruna
	:	10.9790/0837-19344043

Abstract: Premature ejaculation, a psychosexual condition affecting more than 75% of young men globally and causing undue suffering to young men is reviewed in this paper. The condition though just being identified in Nigeria has been discussed by earlier scholars in the USA and UK. Psychological presentation and management of two cases are discussed in this article. The first case was assessed using stress and anxiety psychology tools, Enugu Somatization scale (Ebigbo, 1982) and STAI 1 & 11, Speiberger, (1974).

[1] Althof, S. E. (2007). Treatment of rapid ejaculation: Psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and combined therapy (pp. 212–240). In S. R. Leiblum (Ed.), Principles and practice of sex therapy (4th Ed.). NY: Guilford.
[2] Althof, S.E. et al. (2010). "International Society for Sexual Medicine's Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation". Journal of Sexual Medicine7 (9): 2947.
[3] American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders, Fourth edition. Text revesion. Washington DC.
[4] Awaritefe A. (1986). The Treatment of functional impotence. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5, 1 & 2, 57-61.
[5] Barnes T., I. Eardley (2007). "Premature Ejaculation: The Scope of the Problem". Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy33 (3): 151.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determinants of Individual Travel Expenditure: Issues on Transportation Development in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ojinma, C. C., Nlem, P. C.
	:	10.9790/0837-19344447

Abstract: Transportation as in other developmental sectors has generally proceeded on a haphazard and at best sectoral planning activities. Since transportation is the link between places, areas, and individuals. Development, if it is about people and places, certainly needs a proper understanding of transportation and its determinants or the variables that control readiness of individuals to travel. It is in this view that this paper attempted to determine these variables through a field survey and analyses. Our finding revealed that income, occupation, Age, Education and No. of children are the variables that control individual willingness to spend for travelling and the proportion of such income that can be so budgeted. The implication is that policies and plans that affect these variables, will influence transportation development in Nigeria.

Keywords: Determinants, Transport: budget, and Expenditures

[1] Adams W.P and Helleiner, P.M (eds 1972) International Geography, Toronto University Press. Vol. 2
[2] Enwerem C. (1985) New City in the Making. Sunday Statesman, May 20th, p8.
[3] Filani, M.O (2001) Towards More Efficient Transport Networks in Nigeria. N.J.E.S.S. Vol. 23 (2).
[4] Imo State Ministry of Works and Transport (1979 Projected to 2009) Study of the Road Transportation System Report. Rumera and Coy. Ltd. Switzerland.
[5] Luggard, F.D (1922) The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa London. Oxford press.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Critical Appraisal of the Traditional Leadership Styles in Igboland, South-Eastern Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Akakuru Ojiugo .C, Nwokedi Chidi I., Okoli Ezinne
	:	10.9790/0837-19344852

Abstract: Igbo traditional rulers as embodiment of custom an important aspect of their ceremonial role are highly ambiguous. Much of what might be regarded as a genuine local tradition in Igbo society is connected with traditional religion its shrines, practices and rituals. However, already many warrant chiefs of the early colonial period supported Christianity, even if the alliance with the missions remained shaky. The Igbos life did not just start with colonization rather before the advent of the Europeans, Igbos already had a philosophy, established structure of government which was democratic, education and technology when they say

[1] Aborisade, Oladimeji (ed) (1985). "Local Government and the traditional rulers in Nigerians. Ile-lfe, University Press.
[2] Achebe Chima (1983). "The trouble with Nigeria". Enugu fourth Dimension Publishers (reprint 1985).
[3] Afigbo, A.E. (1972). The warrant chiefs: indirect rule in South eastern Nigeria (1891 – 1929) London: Longman.
[4] Afigbo, A.E. (1981). Roles of Sandi studies in Igbos history and culture". Ibadan, University Press.
[5] Afigbo, A.E. (1997). "Igbos Titles of Honour. A typology Keynote Address, International Workshop on Traditional titles and Honours in the Igbos culture Area of Nigeria. Institute of African studies, University of Nigeria Nsukka, February 20-21 1997.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Relevance of HIV IEC Materials-A study among PLHIVs
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Pratheepa C.M, Ms. Nithya. K
	:	10.9790/0837-19345358

Abstract: AIDS has been the leading cause of death in world wide. India has a population of around 2.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS, aged between 15 and 49. For the enhancement of the quality of life of the People living with HIV more projects were carried out by Govt. and Non Government Organizations. Information, Education and communication (IEC) is an integral part in these projects. This paper reveals the relevance of IEC materials published under the project of Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Strengthening of PLHA Self-help Network in Tirunelveli District.

[1]. http://ejhd.uib.no/ejhd-v22-n3/232%20Effectiveness%20of%20IEC%20interventions%20in%20reducing%20HIV%20AIDS%20.pdf
[2]. http://www.pfpi.org/iec_std-hiv-aids.html
[3]. http://www.ksacs.in/iec-ksacs.php
[4]. http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&ved=0CEsQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cncs.org.mz%2Findex.php%2Fpor%2Fcontent%2Fdownload%2F1637%2F14
[5]. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395905000800
[6]. http://www.icmr.nic.in/annual/mrc/2003-04/54-57.pdf

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Inequality: A Multidimensional Study of Some Selective Works
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Suman Acharjee
	:	10.9790/0837-19345962

Abstract: This paper focuses on the concept of social inequality from the point of view of critical analysis of some poems, fiction and non-fictional prose. It brings into light the prevalent caste system in the society and tries to find its root. Not only this, the aim of this paper is to highlight the condition of the women in the society from the point of view of feminism. Through the critical analysis of the literary writings, this paper draws one's attention to the process of horizon making by representing the fact behind all binary oppositions like male/female; civilized/uncivilized etc.

[1] The Individual and Society Department of English. (Pearson New Delhi 2010).
[2] Ghosh Amitav. CountDown (Penguin, New Delhi 2010).
[3] Waugh Patricia, Literary Theory and Criticism (Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2006).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Home Environment, Parenting and Counselling Of Adolescents on Healthy Living
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. (Mrs.) F. N. Modo
	:	10.9790/0837-19346366

Abstract: The paper addresses the developmental issues of the adolescents' especially within the home environment. This environment is regarded as the familiar terrain of the adolescent. Parents are expected to guide these adolescents properly. They should more importantly be exposed to guidance counsellors as they face the storms of life. The author listed the areas where these adolescents need guidance and counselling. They include personal hygiene, exercise, peer association, drug and alcohol use. The paper argues strongly that the adolescents need to be exposed positively to good and healthy living if they are to become good and useful adults in future. It made some far reaching recommendations including the fact that every area of adolescents' development should be discussed with them early enough to avoid any pitfall.

Keywords: Home environment, parenting, counselling, healthy living , adolescents

[1] Abia, S. (2006).Growing-up responsibly. Uyo: Robertminder international.
[2] Anyanwu, J. I. (2010). Alcohol and drug counselling. In M. A. Obidoa and I. C. S. Ifelunni (eds) Counselling youths in contemporary Nigeria.NsukkaChuka Educational Publishers.Pp.141-162.
[3] Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use.Journal of early adolescence. 11(1), 56-95.
[4] Denga, D. I. (1988). Educational and social psychology.Calabar: Rapid education publishers.
[5] Ebong, R. D. (2009). Community health & issues.Abak: Riduma printers and publishers.
[6] Ekong, I. E. (2011).Grooming the girl child. Uyo: GT technologies.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Quality of life of Elderly Diabetic and Hypertensive People – Impact of Intervention Programme
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Roopa, K.S., Rama Devi, G.
	:	10.9790/0837-19346773

Abstract: A research project was conducted to study the quality of life (QoL) of elderly diabetic and hypertensive people in Bangalore city. The objective of the study was to evaluate an educational module developed to help the elderly to cope with prevailing conditions and improve their quality of life. The sample consisted of 80 elderly of which 40 were men and 40 were women between the age group 65 to 76 years.

[1] American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multi-morbidity. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multi-morbidity: An approach for clinicians. Journal American Geriatric Society, Isuue-60, pp: E1-E25.
[2] Banegas,J.R., Lopez,G.E., Graciani,A., Guallar,C.P., Gutierrez,F.J.L., Alonso,J., and Rodriguez.A.F. (2007). Relationship between obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and health related quality of life among the elderly. European journal of cardio vascular prevention and rehabilitation Vol- 14(3), 456-462.
[3] Burka,V., Beilin,L.J., Grosskopf,S., Ritchie,J., Puddy,I.B., Rogers,P. (1992). Association of Life Style and Personality Characteristics with Blood Pressure and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study In The Elderly, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Perth, Australia, Vol-45(10), pp: 1061-1070.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Decay of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ethno Medicine: A Study In Joypur Jungle Mahal, Bankura District, West Bengal.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sarbajit Kumar Ghosh, Dr. Sanat Kumar Guchhait, Shyamal Santra
	:	10.9790/0837-19347480

Abstract: Irrational exploitation of Nature and Natural Resources are plundering our natural system, jeopardizing the ability of the system to bounce back to its previous condition. Due to human intervention feedback mechanism of the natural system is decaying rapidly, at the same time indigenous societies are distancing from the wild ecology which is proving to bear a detrimental effect upon their socio economic fabric. Globalization and tecnocentrism has radically changed their web of relationship between wild ecology and tribal society. Folk medicinal knowledge and the abundance or extinction of medicinal plants may serve as a missing link to conceptualize ecology, economics,

[1] Jose Boban K, Tribal Ethnomedicine: Continuity and Change (A.H.P Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 1998) 136,137
[2] P.S.Ramakrishnan, Ecology and Sustainable Development (National Book Trust, New Delhi, 2001) 27.
[3] Swami Satya Prakash Saraswati, Satyakam Vidyalankar, Rigveda Samhita xiii (Veda Prakashan, New Delhi, 1987)1-23.
[4] Mridula Saha, History of Indian Medicine Based on Vedic Literature Satapatha Brahmana (The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1999) 31.
[5] Sankar Sen Gupta, Sacred Trees Across Nation and Culture ( Indian Publications, Calcutta,198 P.O.Bodding, Studies in Santal Medicine and Connected Folklore (The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, 2001) 57

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Imo Ade Awo: A Principle of Transcultural Humanist Philosophy of the Annang People of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Joseph Alphonsus Okon
	:	10.9790/0837-19348185

Abstract: Man, who is both a product and a producer of culture, often becomes the victim of/in culture. As a victim in cultures, both his latent potentials and manifest realisations suffer. Indeed, it could be safely held thatpatterns of the total mode of existence in the 21stcentury approximate to aggressive threats to human life and statehood.This paper decries this anomaly as a direct consequence of the rapid drift in morality from communally beneficial traditional values to unconscionable hybrid patterns inimical even to the individuals and groups involved.It thereforearticulates the annang fecund ideology 'imo ade awo' as the grand norm for reordering our scale of values as humans in order to guarantee human dignity, safety,development and by extension, foster community advancement in and beyond particular cultures. Key words: 'Imo', 'Ade', 'Awo', 'Inyene'

[1] Fagothey, A.Right and Reason ( 8th ed.) London: Charlie E. Merrill Pub. 1986.
[2] Okon, Joseph A. ―Rethinking the Idea of Human Personhood‖ In
[3] Personhood and Personal Identity: A philosophical
[4] StudyEd. M.F. Asiegbu and J.C. Chukwuokolo. Enugu: SNAAP Press 2010.Pp 15—19.
[5] Sumner, L.W. Abortion and Moral Theory. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1981.
[6] Sahakian, W, S. Outline History of Philosophy. Boston. University Press. 1971

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Interfaith Dialogue in Islam: A Scriptural Scrutiny
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Md. Sanaullah
	:	10.9790/0837-19348691

Abstract: With a war-ridden world in dire straits caused either by incontinence of religious extremists or by manipulation of credulous religionists by the quarters of vested interests, when the religious, peace-loving people had been ardently striving to ferret out any way and awaiting God's blessings, interfaith dialogue surfaced as an emblem of peace, voicing a clarion-call for fraternal relation among the adherents of differing religions and as a guide-post to evade inter-conflict. It is a dialogic endeavor of the followers of different religions especially on a scholarly level to recognize and stress common phenomena in various religions in a bid to proceed towards the common goal of communal harmony. But in treading the rugged path of dialogue and paving the way of friendship, the dialoguers may any time stumble and, in a sheer effort for harmonization, may slide into adopting any unjust means not ratified by their religions.

[1] Al-Quran, trans. Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan (King Fahad Complex, Madinah, 1427 A. H.)
[2] Arinze, Cardinal Francis, The Church In Dialogue: Walking with Other Believers (Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1990).
[3] Collins English Dictionary, 10th ed. (Harper Collins Publishers, 2009).
[4] Concise Oxford English Dictionary, (Oxford University Press, 2008).
[5] Gomes, Theotonius, "Inter-religious and Inter-cultural Dialogue among Peoples: Spiritual Dimensions of Dialogue", Shompriti Ridoe Ane Shanti (Harmony brings peace in heart) (Rong Printing Media, Dhaka, 2011).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	William Carlos Williams' Young Woman at a Window: An in-depth analysis based on the Principles of Imagist Manifesto
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dhanya G.
	:	10.9790/0837-19349297

Abstract: This paper centers on William Carlos Williams' poem Young Woman at a Window, with an aim to explore the two versions of the poem Young Woman at a Window. The key method of this paper is textual analysis.The paper examines the text with reference to the principles of imagist manifesto. An in-depth analysis of the two versions states that the second version is 'more imagist', a modernist retrospection than animprovement, of the first.

Key words: Imagism, imagist manifesto, young woman, window.

[1]. Abrams, M.H. 1993. A Glossary of Literary Terms, Prism Books Pvt. Ltd. , Bangalore, p86.
[2]. http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/william-carlos-williams
[3]. http://www.theotherwilliam.blogspot.in/2012/02/close-reading-part-1.html
[4]. https://www.coursera.org/course/modernpoetry
[5]. https://www.poets.org/imagism
[6]. Williams, Williams Carlos. 1986. Young Woman at a Window, In The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams, New Directions Books, New York, Vol. 1 p373.
[7]. www.writing.upenn.edu/~alfilreis/88v/window2.html

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Gender Quota: Travails of the Women Reservation Bill in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Samina Parween
	:	10.9790/0837-193498103

Abstract: In India the Women Reservation Bill (WRB), which seeks to reserve 33% seats for women in states and national legislatures, has been pending in parliament for several years; all major political parties have expressed commitment to it and it continue to be debated fiercely, though it has not been passed in Lok Sabha yet. Indian government has made various attempts at Gender Quota reforms. Quota for women in representative institution has long been debated in India. They first appeared in 1935 as part of the government of India Act, disappeared in 1950 as per the provision of the new constitution, and resurfaced again in 1988 as part of the government of national perspective plan on women.

[1] Shirin M. Rai, The gender politics of development (Delhi: Zubaan (an imprint of kali for women) 2008) 92.
[2] Bhagwan Das, Movements in a history of reservations, Economic & political Weekly, XXXV (43-44) 28th October 2000, 3831-3834, ws-31-34.
[3] Mona Lena Krook, Quota for women in Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009) 84.
[4] Shirin M. Rai, Gender quotas and the politics of empowerment - a comparative study, in Drude Dahlerup (Ed.), women quotas and politics, (Rutledge: New York 2006) 223-245.
[5] Nivedita Menon, Elusive Women: Feminism and Women‟s Reservation Bill, in Meena Dhanda (Ed.), Reservation for women,(New Delhi: Women Unlimited (an associate of kali for women) 2008), 59.
[6] Mona Lena Krook, n.3, 84.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A phenomenology of children exposed to the violent conflict in Jos Nigeria.
Country	:	England
Authors	:	Musa, Sallek Yaks
	:	10.9790/0837-1934104111

Abstract: Intermittently, the Jos violent conflict has lingered for over a decade, seemingly insurmountable with dire consequences. Research inquiry reveals little or no attention is given to the plight and concern of children exposed to the violence. Using typical case purposive and multiple case sampling techniques, sixty school children within age 14-17 years from six secondary schools were sampled in Jos South and North local government areas for the study. Findings indicate that the children are acutely exposed to the violence as direct victims and witnesses. A new patterned system of relationship involving discrimination and intolerable existence on the basis of identity affiliation has emerged therefrom.

[1] Ambe-Uva, T. N. (2010). Identity politics and the Jos crisis: Evidence, lessons and challenges of good governance. African Journal of History and Culture, 2(3), 42-52.
[2] Bawa, I., & Nwogu, V. I. (2002). The Jos crisis. In Centre for Law Enforcement Education (Ed.), Hope Betrayed? A Report on Impunity and State Sponsored Violence in Nigeria (pp. 105-128). Geneva: World Organisation Against Torture and Centre For Law Enforcement Education.
[3] Alozieuwa, S. H. (2010). Beyond the ethno-religious theory of the Jos conflict. Africa Peace and Conflict Journal, 3(2), 18-31.
[4] Nigerian Population Census. (2006). Nigerian Population Census. Retrieved January 21, 2013, from http://www.population.gov.ng/index.php/state-population
[5] Best, S. G., & Rakodi, C. (2011). Violent conflict and its aftermath in Jos and Kano. What is the role of religion? Religions and development. London: Department For International Development.
[6] Higazi, A. (2011). The Jos crisis: A recurrent Nigerian tragedy. Abuja: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Beyond Women's Rights.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Rosemary Oyinlola Popoola
	:	10.9790/0837-1934112118

Abstract: The actualization of women rights has been a concern worldwide. Decades of outcry of dehumanization, degradation, humiliation, exclusion, discriminations, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and gender-based violence have led to numerous efforts at curbing these issues at the international, regional, national level and through legal framework, conferences, conventions, programmes. Similarly, there has been a rise in social advocacy groups at national, regional and global level.

[1] Abama. E. &M. A. Kwaja (2009) Violence Against Women in Nigeria: How the Millennium Development Goals Addresses the Challenge. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.3, no.3, September 2009
[2] Atsenuwa.A. (2006), Gender Based Violence: Legal Framework for Response being paper presented at Sensitization Seminar for the Police in Lagos State. July 18, 2006
[3] American Bar Association. (2005). Impact of Domestic Violence on Children. [online] available: http://www.abanet.org/domviol/childimpact.html

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Characteristics of Inland Water Transport in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr Obeta Michael Chukwuma
	:	10.9790/0837-193411912

Abstract: Inland water transport in Nigeria has had a long history of neglect by both government and the private sector. Little efforts were made to develop inland water transport facilities prior to the 1980s. This stems largely from policy inconsistency, limited private sector involvement, and conflicts between and among agencies involved in the management of inland water transport in Nigeria. Since the 1990s, however, the Federal Government of Nigeria has, taken a number of initiatives, including capital and infrastructure improvement, channels dredging and maintenance and installation of safety facilities to turn round the sector.

[1]. ABAMS, T.K.S (1998): Niger Delta Environmental Survey (1998): Phase Two Report on Hydrology and Hydrodynamics.
[2]. ABAMS, T.K.S (1999): "Dynamic and Quality of Water Resources in Niger Delta" In Bryan Ellis (ed). Impacts of Urban Growth
on Surface Water and Groundwater Quality.
[3]. ABAMS, T.K.S (2004): Geohydrology with Application to Environmental Management. Charisma Graphic Pub, Port-Harcourt,
pp.126-127.
[4]. ABUBAKAR, M.A(2002): Dialogue on Power Potential and Prospects of the Inland Waterways in Nigeria. Adams printing press,
Kano, Nigeria.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Conceptual Evolution of Resilience Capacity and Its Inclusion in PsyCap
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. PatirajKumari, Ms. VijayashreeSangwan
	:	10.9790/0837-1934127137

Abstract: Human capital in any organisation plays an important role in its development and growth. In today's changing environment human capital can have major contribution not only in sustaining the organisation but in achieving effectiveness and efficiency and thereby making the organisation successful. As such, human capital could be said to possess various capacities such as hope, optimism, efficacy etc. Apart from these capacities, resilience capacity has also been considered as significant specifically during turbulent times that an organisation may face in a fast changing environment. This paper highlights conceptual evolution and constituents of resilience capacity, subsequent inclusion of resilience in psychological capital (PsyCap) and importance of resilience capacity for employees and leaders.

Key Words: Resilience Capacity, Human Capital, Psychological Capital

1] Al-Naser, F., & Sandman, M. M. 2000. Evaluating Resiliency Patterns Using the ER89: A Case Study from Kuwait. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal,Volume 28,Issue5, pp 505-514. Retrieved from http://www.questia.com
[2] Barbara, R., Lisa, P., Karen, A. 2010. Resilience in aging: concepts, research, and outcomes. New York: Springer.
[3] Benard, Bonnie .2002. Application of Resilience: Possibilities and Promise, Resilience and DevelopmentLongitudinal Research in the Social and Behavioural Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Series 2002, pp 269-277,Springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47167-1_14
[4] Benard, B. 1991. Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in the Family, School, and Community. Portland, OR: Western Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	School Culture and Instructional Leadership of High-Performing and Low-Performing Schools: Patterns of Variation and Relationship
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	H. Sufean
	:	10.9790/0837-1934138144

Abstract: Abundant literature posits that leadership and culture are linked to each other in all organizations. In school organizations, instructional leadership has been asserted as the most crucial type of leadership that is closely linked to professional culture in schools. The main reason is that instructional leadership pertains to the core functions of education, instruction, and learning in classrooms, which also constitute the main elements of a school culture.

[2]       E.H. Schein, Organizational culture and leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004, 3rded.).
[3]       H. Sufean,Pendidikan di Malaysia: Sejarah, sistem & falsafah.  (Education in Malaysia: History, system & philosophy)(Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka, 2002).
H. Sufean, Memacu puncak ilmu: Autonomi universiti merencana pembangunan(Harnessing the Ivory Tower: University Autonomy in Planning Development) (Kuala Lumpur: Tinta Publisher, 2009).
[4]       E. McEwan, Seven steps to effective instructional leadership (California:Corwin Press, 2002).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Teaching Styles In The Yemeni Science Classroom
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Angela Abu-Asba, Hazita Azman, Rosniah Mustaffa
	:	10.9790/0837-1934145152

Abstract: Traditional teaching approaches used for science in Yemen have remained unchanged over the years. There is a need for change in the teaching of science to keep pace with the changing world. There is a need to provide students with knowledge and educate them on problem solving skills using kinesthetic and tactile teaching/learning styles. Prior to attempting to initiate change, it is necessary to first determine present teaching approaches. Using a mixed research approach, the present study investigated the teaching styles of science teachers in Yemen using a modified version of the perceptual learning style preferences by Peacock (2001): visual, auditory,

[1] Angela Abu-Asba, Hazita Azman, Rosniah Mustaffa, (2012) Learning styles of Yemeni undergraduate science students. GEMA: Online Journal of Language Studies, 12 (2), 571-591. ISSN 1675-8021
[2] Artvinli, E. (2010). Cografya ögretmenlerinin ögretme stilleri. Elektronic Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (33), 387- 408.
[3] Badran, A. )2003(. The Status of Science Teaching in the Gulf Countries. In UNESCO. (Ed.). Connect International Science, Technology & Environmental Education Newsletter, XXXIII (3-4), 1-6.
[4] Brown, B. L. (2003(. Teaching styles vs. Learning Style: Myths and Realities. Eric Publications. Retrieved December 16, 2006 from http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/textonly/docgen.asp?tbl=mr&ID=117

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Relationship between Public Education Expenditures and Economic Growth of Pakistan
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Muhammad Aqil, Syed Fazal Aziz, Muhammed Dilshad, Seemab Qadeer
	:	10.9790/0837-1934153155

Abstract: Education is one of the most significant factors that positively affect economic growth. Education creates value addition in human capital by means of skills and experience. Therefore, this is pertinent to recognize the role of education in the economic growth of a country. The government plays vital role in boosting up the level of education for the nation by means of investment in this sector. This paper analyzes the effect of public sector education expenditures on economic growth of Pakistan. The results show that public sector expenditures have a significant impact on GDP per capita of the country.

Keywords: Economic Growth, GDP per capita, Human Capita, Public Sector Expenditure, Public Education Expenditures

[1] Psacharopolous, G. Returns to Education: A further international update and implications. Journal of Human Resources, 1988. 20 – 4, 893-921.
[2] De Meulmester, J. C., & Rochet, D., A causality analysis of the link between higher education and economic development. Economics of Education Review, 1995. vol.144 (4), 351-361. [3] Jorgenson, H., & Fraumeni, M. Investment in education and U.S. economic growth. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1998 [4] http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/10_Education.pdf
[5] Aziz, Babar; Khan, Tasneem and Aziz, Shumaila GC, "Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth of Pakistan", University Faisalabad, MPRA Paper No. 22912, 2008.
[6] Jung, Hong-Sang and Thorbecke, Erik, "The Impact of Public Education Expenditure on Human Capital, Growth, and Poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: A General Equilibrium Approach", IMF Working Papers, August 2001.
[7] Ogujiuba, Kanayo and Adeniyi, Adenuga 2005. "Economic Growth And Human Capital Development: The Case Of Nigeria", Macroeconomics 0508023, EconWPA.