IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Cripps Mission: the Beginning Process to the way of Indian Independence
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sukanta Pramanik
	:	10.9790/0837-19370107

Abstract: The March, 1942 is marked with the event of Cripps Mission in India. Sending by the British war cabinet, the main purpose of this Mission was to gain India's political and military support. Because during the early period of Second World War , Britain was too much disturbed by the victories of Axis powers and the joining of Japan in Axis groups. In this crucial situation the possibility of the Japanese attack on India was raised. That's why Cripps Mission was launched. But its main offer i.e. the Dominion Status after the war and not a single word mention for war time National Government Compelled the Indian leaders to reject the Cripps proposals. But it is not the whole story. It must be said that with the Cripps Mission the process of constitutional development in India acquired a new dimension. At the same time the desperateness of Indian leaders due to Cripps's failure compelled them to launch more intense mass movement which accelerated the process of gaining the independence for India. Thus it can be said that Cripps Mission is the beginning process to the way of Indian independence.
Keywords: British war cabinet, Cripps Mission, Dominion Status, Gandhi's attitude, Quit India Movement, Constitutional concessions.

[1] W.M. Roger Louis, Ends of British Emperialism-The Scramble for Empire Suez and De-colonization (I.B Tauris and Co Ltd, 6Salem Road, London, 2006), p.387
[2] SekharBandyopadhayay, From Plassey to Partition-A History of Modern India (Orient Blackswan Private Limited, New Delhi, India, 2009), p.412
[3] R.J. Moore, Churchill Cripps and India 1939-45 (Oxford, 1979), p.12
[4] Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War-The Hinge of Fate (Houghton Mifflin Company, 215, Park Avenue South, New York, U.S.A), P.184
[5] Nicholas Mansergh (editor-in-chief), The Transfer of Power 1942-7, vol-1, The Cripps Mission, January-April, 1942(Cambridge University Press, London, 1970), p.xiii

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Globalization and Gender Inequality- An Agricultural Perspective
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sanjay B. Salunke
	:	10.9790/0837-19370813

Abstract: Most of the population in India is dependent on agriculture and agro-based industries. Farmer is at the center of the occupation. Hence, it is important to comprehend economic and social situation of the female farmers who are at the centre. Therefore, the research entitled Globalization and Gender Inequality: with special reference to agriculture is undertaken. There are rapid changes observed in the social structure in the process of globalization. There are new laws, thoughts, economy, education system, values, institution; concepts etc. all go through changes in the process of globalization in context of research. Of the 722 villages from Osmanabad district, 360 respondents were selected by purposive sampling method. The research analyses post 1991 policies, globalization, modern technology, theoretical base of globalization, Indian agriculture system. Female agricultural workers and globalization and other aspects have been discussed. In short, women empowerment in economic terms and decrease in female dependence on male has been the objective of the research.
Key Words: Development, Gender, Farmer, Labour, Agriculture.

[1]. Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
[2]. Bhandakar, P.L. & Wilkinson T.S.2009. Methodology and Techniques of social Research. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.
[3]. Das, J.P. 1968. Authority, Power and Family Relationship in to Primitive Tribes of Udisa. The Eastern Anthropologist, Vol. 16, No. 3.
[4]. Durkheim, Emile. 1950. The Rules and Sociological Method. Elinaya: The Free Press of Glenco
[5]. Elaince, Leeder. 2004. The Family in Global Perspective: A Gendered Journey, New Delhi: Sage Publication.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	African Slave Labour, the Atlantic Trading Area and the Industrial Revolution to 1850
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Danazumi Sharwa Bukar
	:	10.9790/0837-19371420

Abstract: The rise of the industrial revolution was a major turning point in World history. This paper argues that the context of the political economy that birthed the revolution flung far beyond the European continent where the levers of the revolution rested. The search for the critical factors that led to this most fundamental of all revolutions that pushed human society forward up to 1850, has been a subject of considerable controversy. The argument in this paper is that Africans, in forced Diaspora, provided slave labor in the context of the Atlantic trading area popularly described as a triangle that connected the continents of Africa, Europe and America. It was this trade triangle that provided the critical mass for this revolution to explode. The internationalization of trade flows from the 15th century, the rise of the slave trade and the development of the mineral and plantation economy on the American continent all played out as a process over the centuries leading to the revolution. This was the triangle the globalizing World produced which this paper argues that what Africa contributed to it acted as the most critical, if the fact that it is labor, in its manual or mechanical form, that pushes any economic productive system, is accepted as incontrovertible. African slave labour oiled the entire economy of the trading area providing the multiplier effects that propelled it to produce the revolution. It was the staying power of the economy as the base of the triangle. With the revolution, emphasis began to shift from manual to mechanical labour as staying power, this, not until the latter had begotten the former, African slave labour remained the harbinger of the industrial revolution and society.1
Keywords: Slave Labour, Atlantic trade, Industrial Revolution.

[1] J.E Inikori: The African Slave Trade and the Atlantic economics 1451-1870. An article in –The African Slave Trade from the 15th to the 19th centuries. The General history of Africa Studies and documents and Unesco (Paris 1997)
[2] Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. (Howard University press Washington D.C1974).
[3] W.E Minchinton (ed). The growth of English Overseas trade in the 17th and 18th centuries. (Menthen & Co. Ltd. London 1969)
[4] J.E Inikori, Market structure and the profits of the British Africa trade in the 18th century, The Journal of economic History Vol.XLI No. 4 (Dec 1982)
[5] J.E Inikori, International trade and the 18th century industrialization process in England. An essay in criticism (Department of History A.B.U Zaria Post-Graduate seminar paper 25/11/1978)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Towards an Entrepreneurial Model of University: Issues and Challenges in Managing Intellectual Property (IP) and Its Commercialization (C)
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Abdul Rauf Ambali, Abdul Rahman Omar, Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar, Roseleena Jaafar, Mohd Fadzil Mohd Idris, Zulkifli Abd Majid, Kamarol Baharen Mohd Rom
	:	10.9790/0837-19372136

Abstract: There are a number of procedures required by researchers to undergo before the outcome of their research products known as intellectual properties (IP) can get to the market for economic values. In this volume, researchers examine the interrelationships among these procedures, policy issues and communication flow with commercialization experienced by researchers in selected Malaysian higher institutions of learning that engaged in IP and commercialization. Methodologically, the study has been approached from quantitative perspective using questionnaire. The results from the study have shown that a positive significant relationship exists between the IP-Commercialization procedures and internal critical success factors (CSFI) towards successful commercialization of the IP products at the centres with beta values of 0.564, p<0.001. A similar significant positive relationship exists between the causal link of IP and commercialization procedures and external critical success factors (CSFE) with beta coefficient values of 0.429, p<0.001. In addition, both CSFI and CSFE have significant impact on communication flow related to IP and commercialization of research products with a beta value of 0.264 and 0.317, p<0.001 respectively.

[1] Ahmad, F. & Krishna, V.V. (2006). The Science and The Technology System of Malaysia. Malaysian Website on S&T and Other Sources, Malaysia, Putrajaya, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
[2] Ambali, A. R. (2013). Hala food and products in Malaysia: People‟s awareness and policy implications, Intellectual Discourse, 21(1), pp.7-32.
[3] Ambali, A. R., (2009a). E-government policy: Ground issues in e-filling system. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2): pp.249-266.
[4] Ambali, A. R. (2009b). Digital Divide and its implication on Malaysian e-government: Policy initiatives, in Rahman, H. (ed.) Social and political implications of data mining: knowledge management in e-government, pp.267-287, USA: IGI Global.
[5] Barclay, D. W., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least square approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption use as illustration, Technology Studies, 2(2), pp. 285-309.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Wishful or Wistfulness of Social Class in the Post - Independence India: A Study of Gurcharan Das's 9 Jakhoo Hill
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Tripti Tyagi
	:	10.9790/0837-19373740

Abstract: Every literature has a relevance to society and has a message to give that is conveyed through its story but it is also true that the literature is the composition of the writer who owes the credit of everything. He pens something that shows the concern for the society and endeavours to bring the mirror image of the realistic aspects of the society. Such compositions are called realistic compositions and such writers are called realists. One of the realists is Gurcharan Das (1943- ), a man whose family had struggled in the Indo –Pakistan Partition and later resettled in India as refugees and the one who retired as the Vice President and Managing Director in Procter & Gamble Worldwide and held to writing literature.
Keywords: Gurcharan Das, Indo – Pakistan Partition, 9 Jakhoo Hill, Neo Middle Class, Old Aristocratic Class, Old Middle Class, Realistic, Realism.

[1] Rajan, Anjana, A View from the Hill, The Hindu. Online Edition of India‟s National Newspaper, Saturday, Aug 13, 2005.
[2] National Identity in the Age of Globalization: Changing Patterns of National Identity in India (programs.wcfia.harvard.edu files fellows files barucco.pdf )35.
[3] Sharma, Garima, Study of Characters: 9 Jakhoo Hill, a Play by Gurcharan Das. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 10(2), October, 2013, 43-44.
[4] Das, Gurcharan, Three plays: Larin Sahib, Meera and 9 Jakhoo Hill (Oxford University Press: USA, 2003)143.
[5] Das, Three Plays, 152.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Relationship between Secondary School Students'Level of Testwiseness and their Performance in Mathematics in Bauchi Metropolis of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	A. Yusuf Mustapha
	:	10.9790/0837-19374144

Abstract: This research was conducted to find out whether or not there exist a relationship between the variables- levels of testwiseness and performance in mathematics among secondary school students in Bauchi metropolis. The study which used survey and correlational research designs was guided by two research questions and three hypotheses. The instruments for data collection were the results of the State- administered mock SSCE Mathematics examination and a Students' Testwiseness Questionnaire.Percentages, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, Chi-square test and the t-test for independent samples were used for the data analysis. Findings revealed that more than half the numbers of students have low and moderate level of testwiseness;a positive relationship exists between level of testwiseness and students' performance while no relationship was found between gender and level of testwiseness. It was recommended that mathematics teachers in secondary schools in the metropolis need to consciously make instruction in test-taking skills part of their teaching sessions especially among femalestudents and students who are not resident in the schools,if they are to help them to maximize their performance in the subject.

[1] Attah, B.G. (2007). An evaluation study of the impact of remedial programme on performance of mathematics students at the undergraduate level in the University System. An Mphil/Ph..D presentation, University of Jos, Jos.
[2] Ayodele, S.O. (2001). The challenges of secondary education in the twenty first century. Keynote address at the Curriculum Organization of Nigeria (CON) conferment of fellowship ceremony held at the multi-purpose auditorium of the University of Jos, March, 14th.
[3] Ebel, R.L. &Frisbie, D.A. (1991).Essentials of educational measurement (6th edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[4] Leonard, H.K. (1968). The effects of test-taking practice on pupil test performance. American Educational Research Journal, 5(4), p. 616.
[5] Marshal, A.G. (1997). An examination of the relationship between answer changing, testwiseness, and examination performance. The Journal of Experimental Education, 66(1), 49-60.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Politics of Urban Development in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Purobi Sharma
	:	10.9790/0837-19374552

Abstract: Urbanization as a part of development process is a major concern for policy makers in a country. Strategies are needed to create a suitable urban landscape. Public policy towards urban development incorporates a wide range of issues - land, economy, infrastructure, environment, management and many others .Coordination of issues is a major task for urban development management authorities. In Indian context political leadership has been provided on an adhoc and piecemeal basis with little consideration of integrated approach. .Urban planning in India till now is facing great challenges of political dominance and considerations. In this paper an enquiry has been made to show the top down policy statements to explore the urban policy initiatives as politics of urbanization process. However, the assessment of the situation in a comprehensive way reveals that the urban local bodies at the ground level are not accorded an effective functional status despite the legal provision. With changing situation, the intervention becomes much more complicated. The objective of the paper is to highlight the fact that in the context of the present situation , India has to address the issues of Decentralization, Community Welfare and Capacity Building in Development Management Paradigm.
Key words: policy, centralization, allocation, piecemeal, market, planning.

[1]. B.D. Raheja, Urban India and Public Policy, Somaiya publishers New Delhi, 1973, p. 7.
[2]. Lalit Batra, A review of Urbanization and urban policy in post-independent India, Working Paper Series, Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, April 2009.
[3]. Urban Policy Reforms for India in V.K. Agnihotri, ed., Public Policy Analysis and Design, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1995, pp. 163-64.
[4]. B.D. Raheja, 1973. Op. cit.
[5]. J.K. Gupta, Senior Town Planner, Punjab Development Authority, Chandigarh, Seminar Paper, made available by I.T.P.I. Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, December 1998. p. 68-69.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Perceived Supervisor and Organizational support on Organizational Climate
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	1James Gachahi Wangombe, Tabitha Wangare Wambui, Alice Wangui Kamau
	:	10.9790/0837-19375369

Abstract: Organizational Climate Was Viewed To Be Comprised Of Qualities That Discriminate One Firm From Another, That Endure Overtime And Help To Control Actions Of Employees Within The Organization (Forehand And Von Gilmer, 1964).Approximately 50 To 70 Percent Of An Organization's Climate Can Be Traced To Its Leadership Or Management Style. Perceived Organization Support (Pos) Can Be Positive If Reciprocation Of Support And Respect Occurs Between Employer And Employee. If The Reciprocation Does Occur And The Employee Feels That He Or She Is Being Appreciated And Respected For The Work That He Or She Is Doing, The Pos Is Increased(Dean, 1996).If The Respect And Appreciation Is Either Not Present Or Is Not Expressed Adequately, Then The Employee May Begin To Harbor Suspicion, Which May Increase Organizational Cynicism (Eisenberger, 1986). Organizational Commitment May, At That Point, Be Lessened; Thus Jeopardizing The Stability Of The Organization. Reciprocation Can Include A Wide Array Of Things, Such As Pleasing Pay And Benefits, A Promotion, Mutual Respect Between Employer And Employee (Levy, 2013). Good Climate Has Been Correlated With Desirable Outcomes Like Job Satisfaction, Confidence In Management, Effective Commitment, Intention To Quit, Emotional Exhaustion, Faith In Organizational And Performance. It Is Also Linked With Desirable Behaviors Like, Risk-Taking (Strategic), Departure From The Status Quo, Open Communication, Trust, Operational Freedom And Employee Development (Levy,2013). This Reviewed Literature Has Been Put Together For Easy Access To Public At Large.

[1] Aggarwal, U. & Bhargava (2010). Examining Antecedents and Outcomes of Psychological Contract Breach: Mediating Role of trust. Academy of International Business, Rio Janeiro, Brazil
[2] Aggarwal U. and Bhargava, S (2009).The effects of Equity Sensitivity, Job stressors and Perceived organizational Support on Psychological contract Breach, Asia Pacific Management Conference, Thailand.
[3] Aggarwal U. and Bhargava, S (2009).Exploring Psychological Contract Contents in India: the employee and employer perspective, British Academy of Management, London
[4] Aggarwal U. and Bhargava, S (2009), "Examining Mediating Role of Relational Psychological Contract on the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Job Engagement "Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM), Sydney.
[5] Aggarwal U. and Bhargava, S (2008), Impact of Job Factors on Psychological contract: the moderating role of personality‟, Irish Academy of Management , Dublin City.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nwizugbe Fertility Scale; the meter of fertility levels
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwizugbe Obiageri Ezenwa
	:	10.9790/0837-19377081

Abstract: Female fertility has been described as the ability of a woman to conceive or become pregnant after a sexual intercourse with a fertile man, irrespective of whether the pregnancy is carried to full tern, ended up in an abortion or still birth. The pregnancy history of a woman from the age of first menstrual period to menopause is described as her Total Fertility. The Total fertility rate (TFR), sometimes also called the fertility rate of a population, is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to observe the prevailing age specific fertility rate (ASFR) and survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life.

[1] Judith Blake, Blake, J. (1981). Family Size and the Quality of Children.Demography 18(4): 421-442. School of Public Health and Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024.
[2] Chuks Iloegbunam (August 2011), The perils of Babangidaismhttp://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvnews/59468/1/the-perils-of-babangidaism-by-chuks-iloegbunam.html
[3] Wikipedia (2009). Total fertility rate definition from CIA world factbook, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate
[4] Nwaizugbe (2005). Rural Outmigration and Fertility Levels, case of Orsu LGA. M.Phil Thesis, University of Benin, Nigeria.
[5] James Kaphuka (2011). Fertility Rate.http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/fr175/04chapter04.pdf [6] Google (2011) http://lesbianlife.about.com/cs/wedding/a/wheremarriage.htm

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Corporate Community Crisis in Nigeria; Case Study of Presco Industries Ltd and Oghareki Community
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwizugbe Obiageri Ezenwa
	:	10.9790/0837-19378289

Abstract: So long as human beings live together and pursue different goals in the same environment, conflict of interest must arise. The inability to manage conflict results to crisis. The causes and consequences of crisis can be avoided through dialogue.

[1]. Andre Gunder Frank: The development of underdevelopment in James D. Cockcroft et al. Dependence and underdevelopment Latin America's Political Economy, Anchor Books New York.
[2]. Chief Zimugha F. "Deprivation is the Root of Our Tragedy" in Prime Newsline, Vol. 1 No 2. (1998).
[3]. Ely Chinoy Society; An introduction to Sociology. (1967) New York, Random House.
[4]. Efurhievwe (1999) "Letter to the Chairman of Ethiope West Local Govt. Area by Oghara Solicitors. Unpublished copy by Presco Secretariat.
[5]. Flippo Personnel Management McGraw-Hill Book Co. Japan. (1980) Series, McGraw Hill Block Co. Japan.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effects of Sexuality Education in the Control of HIV among Adolescent Students in Benin City
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwizugbe Obiageri Ezenwa
	:	10.9790/0837-193790100

Abstract: Given the significant number of young people in developing countries seriously affected by sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, it is crucial that work be undertaken to ensure their protection. This involves providing the adolescents with information and resources and creating a climate of understanding to young people about their reproductive and sexual needs. In order to investigate the effects of sexuality education in the control of HIV among the adolescents' students in Benin City, a cross-sectional urban based study was conducted among 500 randomly selected adolescent students in two randomly selected secondary schools. Findings revealed that 22% of the adolescents were sexually active with multiple sexual partners in some cases. Over 50% of respondents do not discuss issues of sexuality with their parents; instead get information from peers, electronic and print media. 50% are not fully aware of HIV preventive measures. It was equally found that adolescents were well informed about their sexuality and HIV through the mass media and peer groups. An overwhelming majority of the adolescents stayed away from sex (82%) and their reasons were because they were informed that they could contract disease from sex (33.6%) and another 31.9% said it is a sin. Unfortunately, among the adolescents who are sexually active (18%) and who claimed to be well informed about how to contract or prevent HIV (100%) , also stated that they have multiple sex partners (100%), have sex with commercial sex workers (44%), and engage in sexual intercourse without condoms (78%).

[1] Angleton P. & Warwick. I. (2007). "Young People, Sexuality, HIV and AIDS Education‟. In L. Sherr (ed.) AIDS and Adolescents. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
[2] Angleton P. (2006) Global Priorities for HIV/AIDS Intervention Research. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 7(Suppl.2): 13-16.
[3] Angleton P. and Rivers, K. (1998) "Behavioural interventions for Adolescents‟ in L. Gibney, R. DiClemente ands. Vermund (eds.) Preventing HIV infection in Developing countries, New York: Plenum Publications.
[4] Ainsworth M. and Over, M. (1994) AIDS and African Development. World Bank Researcher Observer, 9(2): 203-40
[5] Balmer D. H., Gikundi, E., Billengley, M. C., Kihuho, F. G., Kimani, M., Wang‟ondu, J., & Njoroge, H. (1997). Adolescent Knowledge, Values, and Coping Strategies: Implications for health in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21:33-38