IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Poverty Eradication In Northern Nigeria: An Assessment Of The Impact Of NAPEP activities in Kano Metropolis
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ali Ado Siro
	:	10.9790/0837-19830108

Abstract: Poverty has been one of the social problems bedevilling human race in the contemporary times. It is seen as a catastrophe present in almost all developing societies like Nigeria. Various organisations consisting of public and private make substantive moves toward eradicating this inherent social problem in line with the Millennium Development Goals. To attain this, Nigeria introduced National Poverty eradication Programme (NAPEP) in an attempt to reduce poverty among the populace. The main aim of this paper is to assess the impact of NAPEP activities in Kano Metropolis especially among the youth. The sampling techniques used were systematic and purposive. Research tools remained questionnaire and interviews. The result shows that, majority of the beneficiaries in the study area are males and that most of those enrolled in the scheme benefit immensely, although there exist some shortcomings. It is recommended therefore, the population of the teeming youth should be encouraged in partaking in similar programmes introduced by governments or by private organisations. Corruption especially among the government officials should be checkmated. Hence, adequate funds should be injected into the programme to make it a success.
Keywords: Poverty Eradication, Northern Nigeria, NAPEP and Kano Metropolis.

[1]. Abubakar, Y. (1975): "Rural Poverty: Some Agricultural Issues" in Rural Poverty in Nigeria: (Proceedings of the 1975 Annual Conference of Nigerian Economic Society.
[2]. Adebayo, A.A., (1997): "The Role of NGOs in Poverty Alleviation": Selected Papers for the 1997 Annual Conference of Nigerian Economic Society.
[3]. Ajakaiye, O., (2002): "Appraising Poverty Reduction Strategies in Nigeria" in Poverty Eradication Strategy in Nigeria; Mambayya House, Kano.
[4]. Akanji, O.O., (2000): Incidence of Poverty & Economic Growth in Nigeria. Monteux 4-8.9.
[5]. Alcock et al, (2000): Introducing Social Policy: Pearson Education Limited, England

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prerequisite to the Translation of the Toba Batak Modalisation into English through Semantic Features
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Drs. Bloner Sinurat, M.Hum.
	:	10.9790/0837-19830916

Abstract: This article deals with a semantic feature analysis executed in the process of translation of Toba Batak Modalisation into English. The data in this article are all derived from actual daily conversation conducted by the native speaker. The analysis in this research is focused to see the semantic feeatures of modalisation both in Toba Batak language and English, which is based on the modalisation theories used by Saeed (2009), Saragih (2004), and Halliday (1994). Through the analysis, it can be concluded that both Toba Batak language and English have the same sorts of modalisation, but with different realization. Based on its types, modalisation in Toba Batak language are all realized by modal adjuncts, but in English, they can be realized by finite modal operators, modal adjuncts, or both. Based on its value, modalisation has a high, medium and low value in both laguages; and based on its orientation, modalisation can be classified either as subjective or objective, explicit or implicit in both languages. After conducting the analysis on their semantic features it can be concluded that the Toba Batak modalisation can be equivalently translated into English.

Keywords: semantic features, prerequisite, modalisation, Toba Batak

[1]. Bell, Roger T. 1991: Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice.London: Longman Group UK Limited.}
[2]. Bloner. 2011. Peranan Kearifan Lokal Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa. Medan: Departemen Sastra Daerah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[3]. Cruse, D. Alan. Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[4]. Dalimunte, Muhammad. 2013. Modality in Angkolanese: A Semantic Perspective. Medan: Postgraduate program of University of North Sumatera.
[5]. Eggins, Suzanne. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
[6]. Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Curriculum Integration of Entreprenurial Skills in Quaranic and Tsangaya Education for Peaceful Co-Existence in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Musa Mohammed Mande
	:	10.9790/0837-19831721

Abstract: The evolvement of integrated Quranic and tsangaya education curriculum in Nigeria has brought a well deserved innovation in Education in the country. However, the programme has not recognized the need to eradicate in totality. The manease of street begging by the al-majiri children. Most if not all of these children (al-majiri) are taken to different locations in the country in pursuit of Islamic knowledge, but do not have a means of life sustenance, this has resulted in having most of them in so many criminal activities. In order to curve the growing insecurity situation in the country. This paper advanced suggestions on the need to integrated entrepreneurial skills in the curriculum.

[1]. Beane, J. (1991). The middle school: The natural home of integrated curriculum. Journal of Educational leadership. 49 (2). 9-13.
[2]. Clark, D.C. & Clark, S.N (1994). Meeting the needs of young adolescents: Journal of school in the middle. 4(i). 4-7.
[3]. Davidson, D. Miller, K. & Metheng, D. (1995). What does integration of Science and Mathematic really mean? Journal of School Science and Mathematic. 95(5). 222-230.
[4]. Fogarty, R. (1991). Ten ways to integrate the curriculum: Journal of education leadership. 49(2). 61-65
[5]. Grundy, S. (1994). Reconstructing the curriculum of Australia's school cross curricular issues and practice. Occupation Paper Canberra: Australian Curriculum Studies Association

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Migration, Relief & Rehabilitation and Social-Living Condition of Kashmiri Pandit Migrants of Camp and Non-Camp Areas in Jammu District
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Som Raj, Dr.Sunita Sharma , Manjeet Singh
	:	10.9790/0837-19833139

Abstract: The disturbed conditions existing due to onset of militancy in the Kashmir Valley since 1990, led to mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits from the valley of Kashmir to Jammu and other parts of the country. A number of measures by government have been taken over the year by way of financially assistance/relief and other initiatives to provide support to the affected families within a broad policy framework that those who have migrated will eventually return to the valley. Government has been providing relief to those displace families of camp and non-camp area in Jammu district who have no source of income after migration. This study is an attempt to analyse the social-living conditions of Kashmiri migrants of camp and non-camp area in Jammu district.

Keywords: Kashmiri Pandits, Migration, Militancy, Relief & Rehabilitation, Social-living conditions.

[1]. Agozino (2000). "Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Migration Research."London: Ashgate Publishing.
[2]. Cohen, R. & Deng, M. (1998). "Masses in plight: the Global Crisis of Internal Displacement.‟ Washington D.C: Brookings institution Press.
[3]. Kalla, A. K. (1995). "Kashmiri Pandits and their Diversity.‟ Delhi: B.R. Publisher Corporation.
[4]. Koul, A. (1991). "The Kashmir Pandits‟. Delhi: Utpal Publication.
[5]. Koul, S. (1992). "Freedom Struggle in Jammu & Kashmir‟. New Delhi: Anmol Publication.
[6]. Kumar, D. P. (1996). "Kahmir Return to Democracy‟. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Stress Levels of College Students: Interrelationship between Stressors and Coping Strategies.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Lakyntiew Pariat, Ms Angelyne Rynjah , Ms Joplin, M G Kharjana
	:	10.9790/0837-19834046

Abstract: College life is one of the most scintillating and memorable experiences in an adolescent's life. It is in college that an adolescent enjoys the vibrant environment, the company of friends and the various academic and co-curricular activities, which enriches nurtures and henceforth prepares the adolescent for adulthood. Looking from a closer perspective, the college student's encounters a number of challenges in his day to day life, therefore the whole idea of an exciting and vibrant college life is unveiled by these challenges which in turn contribute to stress and if not dealt with can only escalate and hamper their academic performance, emotional and social well-being.

[1]. Babar T. S., Kahloon, A., Kazmi, M., Khalid, H., Nawaz, K., Khan, N.A., and Khan,S. (2004). Students, Stress and Coping Strategies: A Case of Pakistani Medical School Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan Education for Health, 17( 3), 346-353.
[2]. Barber, B. & Olsen, J. (2004). Assessing the transitions to middle and high school. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 4-23.
[3]. Blake, R.L., & Vandiver, T. A. (1988). The association of health with stressful life changes, social supports, and coping. Family Practice Research Journal, 7 (4), pp. 205-218.
[4]. Campbell, R.L., and Svenson, L.W. (1992). Perceived level of stress among university undergraduate students in Edmonton, Canada. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol 75, 552-554.
[5]. Chew-Graham, C.A., Rogers, A., & Yassin, N. (2003) "I would not want it on my CV or their records": Medical students' experiences of help seeking for mental health problems. Medical Education, 37,873-80

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Security Council and Global Peace, "Issues and Challenges
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwibor Lucky Barika
	:	10.9790/0837-19834751

Abstract: The world consists of several sovereign states with multiple and diverse interest but paradoxically seeking for an integrated world order through deliberate and conscious approach instead of staying in isolation. The human society from incalculable period had suffered untold hardships arising from crises of varying dimensions such as the Cyprus, Chaco, Vietnam, Kosovo and world wars land II to mention afew. Against this background, at the conclusion of world wars II as a result of the failure of the League of Nations to avert that war, the United Nations Organization was born in 1945to restore International Peace and Security and prevent further regional and global wars. In recent times, there have been crisis in Liberia, Libya, Sudan, Syria, Egjpt etc despising collective security of the UN- Security Council. The purview of this paper therefore, is to examine the socio-political environments that facilitate these cleavages and uncertainties. The author observed that the weakness of the council to confront new realities in terms of desire for good governance and democracy and economic amancipation by the emerging states of Africa makes crises and insecurity to be of contemporary relevance in the region. The researcher observed further that there is a shfi of power for peace and security from the traditional Security Coi€ncil to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The writer concluded that the frequent use of veto and double veto based on bloc politics weaken the council thereby given NATO a superior bargaining leadership role in the management of global peace and security. The author therefore recommended that for global peace and security to be guaranteed, the council should be re-structured, with contemporary realities of member states in terms of poverty, politics and socio-economic conditions. This paper relied absolutely on secondary sources of materials and in follow-up on current unfolding events in world politics.

Key Words: Procedural and non-procedural matters, veto and double veto, permanent missions to UNO-status of an Ambassador, containment policy v. expansionism, affirmative and supporting votes.

[1]. Akehurst, Michael (1997), Introduction to Modern International Law. London: Cornwall Int‟l LtdBatra, T. S. (1979), The Security Council and Veto Power. New Delhi: Stevens SL Son‟s Ltd.
[2]. Bowett, D. W. (1975), The Law of International institutions. London: Institute of World Affairs (3rd Ed).
[3]. Brownlie, 1. (1979), Principles of Public International Law. Oxford: University Press.
[4]. Harris, D. J. (1979), Cases and Materials on International Law. London:Sweet & Maxwell Ltd.
[5]. Morgenthan, H. J. (1985), Politics among Nations: Struggle for Power and Peace. New York Alfred & Knot inc.
[6]. Nduba, E. (1998), international Politics in the Post Cold War. Era Awka: Meks Publishers Ltd.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nigerian Foreign Policy From 1960-2003 "Implications for Present and Future Leaders
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwibor Lucky Barika
	:	10.9790/0837-19835258

Abstract: We are in a world where states although independent but are interdependent as no state is an isolate, moreso, where no state could provide all her needs, yearnings and aspirations for her teeming population. The idea of foreign policy dates back to antiquity. The state is seen as the major actor in international politics and therefore all the relations of its people, agencies and institutions are reflections of its policy. However, it is interesting to note that people "s natural desire or impulse to travel, trade, do business and maintain religious links are made possible by the state but are sometimes independent of its policy hence sometimes policies are reframmed in line with these impulses. The writer looked at Nigerian foreign policy retrospectively taken into account the national interest based on the socio-political and economic environments at the time under consideration. The author found out that there is always no permanent enemy or friend, rather permanent interest, successive government reframmed our foreign policies accordingly. The researcher observed that foreign policy without crystal clear objectives informed by well defined national interest affects, contradicts and weakens the implementation of our foreign policy option at the time under reference. The author concluded that for our foreign policy to stand the test of time, it must be comprehensively considered in the light of our national interest taking into account the principles and determinants in the light of legal equality of states. This paper relied on secondary sources of materials, global, and national occurrence of events at the time.

Key Words: National interest, Foreign Policy Options, vassalism, Treaty obligations

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[2]. Akinyemi, A. B. (1988), A Farewell to Policy. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Series No. 35.
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[5]. Dull, James (1985), The Politics of American Foreign Policy. Englewood: N.J. Prinked Hall.
[6]. Harris, D. J. (2004), Cases and Materials on International Law. London: Sweet & Maxwell Limited
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