IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2014

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the "Incredible Years Program‟ (IYP) in reducing juvenile delinquency in Kenya. Juvenile delinquency in Kenya is on the increase. The number of children in conflict with law has risen significantly from 483 in 2006 to 927 in 2010. This necessitated the assessment of the effectiveness of this program. There was therefore need to conduct a research to determine whether the "Incredible Years‟ Program training for house-parents and teachers is effective in the rehabilitation of juveniles in Kenya. It is for this reason that the current research embarked on trying out the "Incredible Years Program‟ with a hope that it will improve juvenile rehabilitation services in Kenya and reduce the tendency of children falling back into crime. The design in this study was Quasi-Experimental research design. The target population in the study composed of all the children, house-masters/mistresses and teachers of Kenyan Rehabilitation Schools. Purposive sampling design was used in sampling procedure. A sample of hundred and fifty (150) children from two (2) Rehabilitation Schools took part in the study. Seventy five (75) from Dagoretti Girls‟ Rehabilitation School and seventy five (75) from Kabete Boys‟ Rehabilitation School. Both Rehabilitation Schools are in Nairobi. The two Rehabilitation Schools cater for medium-risk children. Medium-risk offences include being in bad company,

Abstract:This study used exploratory and descriptive survey research design to assess the level of risk management by SMEs in Zimbabwe with particular emphasis on the knowledge possessed by SMEs Owners/managers and the insurance cover undertaken by their business with a view to reducing their risk. The study used a sample of 380 SMEs operating in different lines of business. Both open ended and closed questionnaires were distributed to owners of the SMEs selected for the study and the data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics .The findings reveal that 90% of SMEs have a poor knowledge of the concept of risk and consequently do not have insurance cover .The majority of SMEs did not have risk management strategies in place to address risk management issues.

Keywords: risk management, small to medium enterprises, capacity building, economic growth, support initiatives.

[1]. Abor, A and Adjasi, C.K.D,(2007) Corporate Governance and the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector: Theory and Implications, Corporate Governance,7(2) 111-222
[2]. Alquier, B.A.M.and Legasse, T.M.H (2006) Risk management in small- and medium –sized enterprises. Prod.P.&C, 17(3):273-282
[3]. Azende,T,(2012). Risk Management and Insurance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. International Journal of finance and Accounting,1(1),8-17
[4]. CentralBankofNigeria, CBN,(2011),"DevelopmentFinance". Available:htt//www.centralbank.org/Devfin/smefinance.asp[Accessed 10 October 2012]
[5]. CIMA Official Terminology,(2005). Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. London: CIMA Publishing.
[6]. Collier, P.M. and Agyei-Ampomah,S.(2006). Management accounting: risk and control strategy. Oxford: Elsevier. CIMA Official Study System)

Abstract: Alcohol abuse and dependence can be disabling to the family functioning and especially nurturing of the children. However, information on the effect of alcohol abuse and dependence on the role of parents as nurturers in the rural settings of Kenya is limited. The purpose of this study was to establish effects of Alcohol abuse and dependence on parents in the rural settings and how this impacted on their parental roles as nurtures and especially in guiding and counseling children. The parents who use alcohol frequently experienced alcohol related disorders that could be disabling them from their parental duties. The effects of alcohol abuse and dependence on parental guidance in Marachi central location in Butula Division in Busia County and Mathira division in Nyeri County were derived from a questionnaire and focus group discussions with parents who frequently use alcohol. A total of 83 parents, 41 from Butula Division Busia County and 42 from Mathira Division in Nyeri County participated in the study. The findings from this study indicate that alcohol abuse and dependence not only drained family resources but more importantly led to negative self assessment that worked against the role of parents as models and nurturers hence their inability in guiding children to grow into desirable persons for individual development and functioning of the society. Key Words: Alcohol Abuse, Alcohol Dependency, Parental Guidance and counseling, self image

[1] Kessler , R. C., Crum , R. M., Warner , L. A., Nelson , C. B., Schulenberg ,J., & Anthon y, J. C. (1997). Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 313–321.

[2] Gant, F. B, Dawson A. D., Stison S. F, Chou P. Dufour, M.D., Roger, P. Pickering, M.S. (2004) The 12-Month Prevalence and Trends in DSM-1V Alcohol Abuse and Dependence National Institute

[4] Mwai W, Wamue-Ngare G and Mwangi W A (2013) Relationship between Alcoholism and Family Cohesion: Gender Aanlysis of Kigio Location Gatanga District Kenya International Journal of Education and Research Vol 1 No. 7 July 2013

[5] Fieldman, D.M. & Chritensen, F.J. (1997) Behavioural Medicine in Primary Care A Practical Guide, Appleton & Lange USA

[6] Wedding, D. (2001) Behavior & Medicine, Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Germany

[7] Ogden, J. (2004) Health Psychology Third edition Open University McGraw Education New York

[8] Brigit

Abstract: The study attempts to identify the similarities and differences in the position, function and usage of the articles in Bengali and English languages. For this purpose, it takes Contrastive Analysis (CA) to compare the two sub-systems of the languages and finds that there exist some similarities and differences in the articles in both the languages. As differences pose difficulty in the acquisition of a second language (L2), the study, therefore, discusses and recommends prospective care and necessary steps that the language teachers are required to take while teaching the articles in English.

Keyword: Contrastive Analysis, Bengali articles, English Article, Definite article, Indefinite Article

[1]. Ellis, R. (1986). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford University Press

[2]. Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford University Press

[3]. Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svarvik, J.(2010) A Comprehensive grammar of the English language. New York: Longman Inc. [4]. Uddin, S.M (2013). English for Bengali Learners, A Practice Book for Bengali Speaking People.

[5]. Sen, S. (2011). Bhashar Itibritto. Kolkata: Ananda Publishers.

[6]. Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: One of the major thematic concerns of most of Bhasa's plays is the conflict between grand narratives and alternative voices. 'Dharma' was the word used in ancient days to denote the conglomeration of the rules which prescribed the duties and privileges of various classes of the society. Even though this word does not prominently appear in the plays of Bhasa, the values which this word stands for are problematised in these plays. The author is always aware of the two or more worlds, within which every individual exists. Bhasa's focus is on the dialectic involved in the relationship between the different worlds present in each individual. His endeavor is to ignite the creative tension that exists between the various elements within the plot and texture of the plays. The above mentioned internal tension is present in various forms in Bhasa's plays. In plays like the Pratijnayougandharayana and Svapnavasavadatta, the contradiction appears in the form of an intense conflict between the world of political discourses and practical wisdom represented by the clever ministers of King Udayana and king Mahasena, and the 'other' world created by King Udayana and Vasavadatta which is dominated by innate passions, desires and dreams Keywords: conflict, dharma, dialectic, dream, wisdom

[1]. Bhasa. Thirteen Plays of Bhasa. Trans. A C Woolner and Lakshman Sarup. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1991.
[2]. Kane. P. V. History of Sanskrit Poetics. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2002.
[3]. Kautilya. Arthashastra. Ed and Trans. L. N. Rangarajan. New Dehi: Penguin Books,1992.
[4]. Pusalkar A.D. Bhasa: A Study. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal publishers, 1968.
[5]. Venkitachalam.V. Bhasa. Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1994.

Abstract: The present paper is an attempt to look at the knowledge, use and access of digital media by adolescent of rural Indian females. Increasingly new information and communication technology has become part of mainstream Indian's means of communication. It is deeply embedded in the education, social lives and business world. In the age of new media the use of digital media is needed for full participation in contemporary society of India. However, the issue of the digital divide has caused a social divide affecting the gap between information rich and poor. Indian rural adolescent females are suffered from various reasons and away from several issues due to their differential access, use and knowledge about digital media technology. This has significance in the development of their identity, skills in the digital media culture, and place in the world of new media. It will also address the question of how inclusion and more meaningful participation is possible and what form of representation will be most successful in creating a positive identity of rural females use this digital media. The present research is to propose to use survey research method to analyses and find the digital divide among adolescent of rural Indian females and its causes and effects.

Key words: Digital Divide, Rural Adolescent Females, India and Information communication Technology

[1]. Alhabshi, S.M.S.M. (2004) Bridging Digital Divide in Marginalized Areas: A Focus on IT Policy, Planning and Implementation Issues in Malaysia, Information Technology in Developing Countries, Newsletter of the IFIP Working Group 9,4,14(1),2-8.
[2]. Annamalai, K. and Rao, S. (2003). What Works: ITCs E-Choupal and Profitable RuralnTransformation. Accessed on June 7 from the web:http://www.digitaldividend.org/pdf/echoupal-case.pdf
[3]. Avgerou C. (2000). Information System and Global Diversity. Oxford, oxford University Press

4]. Borbora, S. (2004). ICT Growth and Diffusion: Concepts, Impacts and Policy Issues innthe Indian Experience with reference to International Digital Divide, in H. Kehal&V.P.nSingh (eds.) Digital Economy, Impacts, Influeces and Challenges, Idea GroupPublishing,USA.
[5]. Borbora, S. and Dutta, M. K. (2004). Report on Community Information Centres inAssam: Achievement and Expectations. Consultancy Project for National InformaticsCentre , Government of India..

Abstract: The people of Afghanistan have experienced long period of political instability. For the last three decades, the Afghan soil has experienced every form of conflict- international intervention, proxy war, civil war, and war on terrorism. The Paper will deal systematically with the Afghanistan's state of constant warfare right from Soviets left from Afghanistan, leaving their marks on the country and its population. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the situation of the Afghan society under and after the Taliban rule. The work will also highlight the socio-political circumstances that led to the emergence of the Taliban in Afghanistan. The paper will identify major US-policy-making errors with respect to state-building, military activities, and diplomacy after its intervention in Afghanistan. After the Taliban's 'defeat' in 2001, their resurgence was invited by the failure of state of justice and security institutions. Presently, Afghanistan is facing a triple threat of anti-government insurgence, increased opium production, and growing popular discontent over corruption and government failures in Afghanistan.

Key Words: Afghan Society, Taliban, USA, Bonn Agreement, Afghan government, Northern Alliance.

Abstract: Prior to the inception of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) very few students with disabilities were able to be accommodated in the available conventional universities due to a number of limitations. It must therefore follow that the introduction of Open and Distance University education by ZOU should have seen an increase in opportunities for admission of students with disabilities in the university. This research interrogates the inclusiveness of ZOU's ODL services to students with disabilities twelve years after inception. This research employed the qualitative approach underpinned by the descriptive survey design. It sought to answer questions such as, are students with disabilities realizing their full potential through ODL? Structured interviews were used for data gathering purposes. Out of e total of 21 students with disabilities at the region a total of 20 were interviewed. A typological and logical analysis of data was carried out. The results indicated that ZOU, Harare Region is not very responsive to the needs of all students with disabilities as it enrolls very few such students. While the students support services unit tries its level best to assist students with disabilities results showed that the university needs to do a lot in processes such as registration, tutorials, assignments and examinations .Recommendations made include the need to increase accessibility to the regional offices and to adapt the environment by putting ramps for wheelchair users. It was also recommended that special considerations be done in marking work of students with disabilities.

Key words: Students with disabilities, accessibility, adaptations, inclusion

[1]. Stodden R. A, Whelley, T., Chang, C. and Harding T. (2001) Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 16, pp 189-198.
[2]. Disabled Persons Act [Chapter 17:01] of Zimbabwe 1996, Harare: Jongwe Printers
[3]. Dube A. and Charowa, G. 2005, "Are Disabled Peoples‟ Voices from both South and North Being heard in the Development process?: A Comparative analysis between the situation in South Africa, Zimbabwe, United Kingdom and Northern Europe" Disability KAR Knowledge and Research ( http://www.healthlink.org.uk/PDFs/Disabled-Peoples-Voices.pdf Accessed 2 August 2011).
[4]. Gwitimah, A. R and Khupe, W. 2008 "Promoting education &training of disabled people (in South Africa and Lesotho)" Southern African Federation of the Disabled ((http://www.washington.edu/accessit/articles?64)
[5]. Sayini, J S and Goyal, A. 2009 Empowering the Disabled. Chandigarh: Global Media.

Abstract: The study investigated the relationship between personality types and creativity level of secondary school adolescents' in Kwara State. Correlational research method was adopted. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select ten schools across the state. Four hundred students across the ten schools were sampled. Two instruments were used. Thus, Jugg- Myers Briggs Personality questionnaire and creativity and innovation scale adopted from Animasahun. The instruments were subjected to pilot testing and were found to have the coefficient of reliability of 0.76 and 0.68 respectively using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between personality types and creativity level of secondary school students in kwara state; it also revealed that there was no significant relationship between the variables on the basis of gender and school types. Recommendations were made by the researchers that attention should be given to students irrespective of their personality types by both parents and teachers in order to cater for them and provide necessary attention that can help them to explore and utilize their creative potentials, also teachers should use appropriate teaching methods in teaching in order to enhance students' creativity. Keywords: Creativity, Personality Types, Relationship, students

[1] N. Hayes, Foundations of psychology: An introductory text, Harmondaworth: Penguin publisher. 1994

[2] P. Makin, & C.L. Cooper, Psychology for managers. New York free press. 1981

[3] M. Friedman, & R H Rosenman, Type A Behaviour and Your Heart, New York 1974

[4] J. Nuring, Almost the FAQ personality type summary. www. Nuring @.netcom. Com August 23, 1993.

[5] Jenksin, Ayzanski & Roseman. A survey of personality Type A and B. Hosted by San Diego figure skating communications. 1971

[6] A, I. Alao Behaviour pattern and styles of achievement striving of Nigeria secondary school students. An unpublished doctoral thesis, department of guidance and counseling, university of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 1989.

Abstract: This study determines the Profitability of resettled farmers' crop production enterprise in Yauri Emirate, Kebbi State Nigeria. The study was conducted in the 3 Local Government Areas of the Emirate. Purposive sampling was used to select twelve villages in the LGAs (4 villages/ LGA). Ten resettled farmers were randomly selected from each village and questionnaires administered to each of them to obtain a total of 100 respondents. Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting techniques were used for the data analysis. The results of the study shows that crop production in the study area is characterized as subsistence by majority of the respondents (79.2%), and the land tenure practiced by farmers are renting (40.8%) and sharecropping (25.0%). The cost of transportation of the farm produce/tonnage was found to be exorbitantly high and increasing seasonally according to the respondents. Majority of the respondents (40%) of the respondents confirmed that they pay between N 2000 and N 3000, 54% pay between N3001 and N4000 and remaining 6% pay above N4001.. 24.2% of the respondents recorded a negative net farm income (loss) on crop production enterprise during the season under review and the expenditure on variable inputs accounted for 98.50% of the total cost of crop investment.

[1]. Acreman, M. et al. (1999) Managed flood releases from reservoirs: a review of current problems and future prospects, Institute of Hydrology, Oxford. 16pp

[2]. Carnea, M. (1996). Understanding and preventing impoverishment from displacement: Reflections on the State of Knowledge. Colorado, West View press. P.I. 32pp

[3]. Dogondaji, S.D. (2005). Economics of dry season onion production and marketing in Sokoto and Kebbi States. Unpublished PhD Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. 121-122

[4]. Hybrid Design Associates Environmental Consultants, (2002). Socioeconomic and environmental impact study of Kainji Hydroelectricity dam on Yauri Emirate. Unpublished report submitted to Yauri Emirate council committee on HYPPADEC, Yauri. Pp.1-45. [5]. Idachaba F. (1980), 'The Green Revolution: A Food Production Plan for Nigeria'.Final Report submitted to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. 61pp

Abstract: Many African countries gained independence during the 1960s, and some of these newly formed governments rejected the ideas ofcapitalism in favour of a more Afrocentric economic model. Advocates of African socialism claimed that it was not the opposite of capitalism, nor a response to it, but something completely different. Therefore, this paper examines the context that gave birth to the concept African socialism, explicate the meaning of the concept; briefly highlight what African socialism means to some of its proponent. Also it shall elucidate some issues that have emerged in African socialism, the implication of the emergent issues for the contemporary society shall be considered, then follows a critical evaluation and conclusion.

Key Words: African, Socialism, Communal, Economic, Development

[1]. Agbaye, A (1991)AfricanPolitical Thought Ibadan: Department of Adult Education U.I., UP
[2]. Ayittey, G. B. The End of African Socialism,The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from www.heritage,org on 9th May, 2014
[3]. Brockway, F. (1963) African Socialism. London: The Bodley Head
[4]. Friedland, W. H. and RosbergJr, C. G. (1964) African Socialism. California: Stanford University Press
[5]. Mboya, T.(1963) Freedom and African London: Andrew Deutoch,
[6]. Nkrumah, J. K. (1975) "Conscientism" in G.M Mutsoamd S.W Rohio, Readings in African Political Thoughts London: Heineman

Abstract: The research study explored the issues, realities and challenges regarding the provision of special needs education in Zimbabwe. Specific constructs studied were parental involvement, the nature and scope of the curricula and the general strengths of specialist teachers. The study was qualitative in nature though certain aspects of quantitative research were used such as the questionnaire and descriptive statistics. Respondents were drawn from 8 of the 10 provinces in Zimbabwe. They included 65 teachers, 40 school heads as well as 26 parents. Questionnaires were used as the primary data collection tool. The results show that parents are fairly involved in school activities. However, parents were mainly involved in administrative issues rather than in making decisions about the education of their children. While the curriculum for learners with disabilities was found to be satisfactory it lacked components that ensure the smooth transition of learners with disabilities into adulthood and employment. Lastly the study found that there are challenges faced in the recruitment of specialist teachers; shortage of trained teachers; refusal by trained teachers to teach special classes; centralized recruitment system; and poor incentives. The study recommends that all teachers colleges train teachers how to deal with children with disabilities and that a retention allowance be reintroduced for teachers of children with impairments. It is also recommended that parents of children with disabilities be empowered to actively participate in valued activities such as the design of Individual Education Programmes. Schools sign contracts with parents in which the later undertook to participate in all the outlined activities. Lastly the study recommended that there must be a clear cut transitional policy which specifies the paths to be followed by children with disabilities in school to enable them to move swiftly into adulthood and employment. \

Key Words: Special Needs Education, Disabilities, Impairments, Inclusive Education, Curricula, Parental Involvement, Specialist Teachers

[1]. Addison, J. (1986). A Historical Survey of Facilities for Handicapped People in Zimbabwe. Harare: S.C.F.
[2]. Barnatt, S. N., & Kabzems, V. (1992). Zimbabwean teachers' attitudes towards the integration of pupils with disabilities into regular classrooms. International Journal of Disability, Developmentand Education, 39, 135-146.
[3]. Chakanyuka, S., Chung, F. K. and Stevenson, T. (2009) The Rapid Assessments of Primary and Secondary Schools. Harare: National Education Advisory Board.
[4]. Cohen, A. and Cohen, L. (1986). Special Educational Needs in the Ordinary School. London: Harper Education Series.
[5]. Disabled Persons Act. (1996). Harare, Zimbabwe: Government Printers.