IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Perceived Parental Attitude and Self Esteem of Adolescents
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B.Sathyabama , J.O.Jeryda Gnanajane Eljo
	:	10.9790/0837-19850104

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the parental attitude and self esteem of adolescents. Ninety respondents (45 boys and 45 girls) were chosen through disproportionate random sampling procedure in Government High School, Manthurai, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamilnadu. The adolescents were assessed by using the manual of parenting scale and self esteem inventory. Data was analyzed in terms of percentage, t-test and coefficient of correlation. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between parenting and self esteem of adolescents. Moreover the boys and girls differed in the perception of parenting and in the level of self esteem. The findings of the study will help to understand parent and adolescent relationship and its influence to shape the adolescents future. The study will suggest suitable measures to strengthen the parent and child relationship.

Key Words: Adolescent, Parental Attitude, parenting, relationship and Self Esteem.

[1]. Gopal,A.K. (2008). 'Studies on Adolescent Girls: An Analytical Review NIPCCD,.'N.Delhi.
[2]. Gadeyne, E., Ghesquiere, P., & Onghena, P. (2004). Longitudinal relations between parenting and child adjustment in young children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 22, 347-358.
[3]. Ro s e n b e rg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
[4]. Dumont, M., & Provost, M. A. (1999). Resilience in adolescence: protective role of social support, coping strategies, self-esteem and social activities on experience of stress and depression. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 28, 343–363.
[5]. Deater-Deckard, K., Ivy, L., & Smith, J. (2006). Resilience in gene-environment transactions. Goldstein, & R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children New York: Springer pp 49–63
[6]. Bhardwaj RL (1998) Manuel of Parenting Scale. Agra:National Psychological Corporation

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Panchayat Raj Institutions in Rural Electrification in Karnataka –With Special Reference to Mysore District
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sandeep Raj.K , Dr.V.Shanmugam
	:	10.9790/0837-19850508

Abstract: Local Government which is named as Panchayat Raj Institutions plays a major role in the economic development of any region in India. In the pre-independence period these institutions were not systematically arranged and they were handled by the elders of the region or villages. Now a day these institutions are systematically arranged and constitutional provisions are made to strengthen the PRIs to engage in the development of any region. Relating to the socio-economic development of a region PRIs have its own 29 subjects which is provisioned under the Constitution of India, in that rural electrification is also one of the important issues deputed to PRIs. This paper discusses about, how rural area are electrified in Karnataka state and its status as well as in the study region and this study exhibits its own findings.

[1]. Prathap Ranjanaa Jena (2008), "Revenue Efforts of Panchayats: Evidence from Four States", Economic and Political Weekly, July 26, 2008, Vol. 43 (30-38).
[2]. Agnihotri.V.K (2002), "Socio-economic Profile of Rural India", concept publishing company, New Delhi, 2002, pp.226.
[3]. Kulkarni.P.R (2000), "Financial Structure for Backward Area Development", Productivity, Vol. 41, No. 3, Oct- Dec, 2000.
[4]. Directorate of Economic and Statistics (2013-14), "Karnataka at a Glance", Government of Karnataka, Bangaluru.
[5]. Directorate of Economic and Statistics (2013-14), "Mysore District Statistics at a Glance", Government of Karnataka, Mysore.
[6]. Report of the Task Force on "Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)", (2001), Planning Commission, New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Narayan's My Days: a Portrayal of the Relationship of Life with Letters
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Subismita Lenka , Bhabani S. Baral
	:	10.9790/0837-19850917

Abstract: R.K.Narayan‟s My Days, published in 1974 is an autobiography with a difference. Ordinarily an autobiography is considered a piece of realistic writing true to the nuances of an individual‟s life. On the contrary, at times, as in the case of V.S.Naipaul, a novel is attached the tag of "non-fiction writing". However, the truth of the matter is that every fiction has an element of non-fiction just as every non-fiction has an iota of fiction in it. It is worthwhile to mention here that just after the publication of Narayan‟s memoir, the American University, Washington D.C. chose the same for the English-speaking Union‟s Book Abroad Literary Award. Narayan‟s autobiography, like his novels, is regional in that it conveys an intimate sense of a given place – in the novels, Malgudi; in My Days, Mysore – but it is not parochial or shuttered. The life in his memoir is that of Narayan‟s own class, the Indian middle class, where people are not too well-off to be unperturbed about money or brutalized by the total lack of it. And above it Narayan, appears like the hero of one of his novels – sensitive, ardent, modest and wry about himself, and with a hidden resolute will. In the memoir we see, as we do in the novels, first the context of the town and the skills and problems of various kinds of work which fascinate Narayan; within this the subtler circle of the family; Narayan himself, another Narayan hero. The author as a hero can be characterised as a balanced combination of inherited tradition with a positive individual talent. Narayan‟s novels are easily branded as "comedies of sadness", his autobiography, in the language of Krishna Pachegaonkar, "is both suffused with a pure and unaffected melancholy and also lighted with the glint of mockery of both self and others." (p.63)

[1]. Narayan R.K. My Days Autobiography. Chennai: Indian Thought Publication, 2010. Print.
[2]. Narayan R.K. Swami and Friends. Mysore: Indian Thought Publication, 1942. Print.
[3]. Narayan, R.K. The Guide, Madras: Indian Thought Publication. 2002. Print.
[4]. Narayan, R.K. The Writerly Life. Ed. S.Krishna. New Delhi: Viking – Penguin Books, 2001.
[5]. Narayan, R.K. Mr Sampath, Chennai: Indian Thought Publication, 2009. Print.
[6]. Narayan, R.K. The English Teacher. Chennai: Indian Thought Publication, 2011. Print.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Rural Drinking Water Supply in Karnataka – A Case Study of Mysore Thaluk
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sandeep Raj.K , Dr.V.Shanmugam
	:	10.9790/0837-19851821

Abstract: Now a day the drinking water shortage is arising due to many reasons like pollution, chemicals etc., and also World Bank assists some of the programmes relating to the drinking water supply in some countries. Here, in India we have the local government namely, Panchayat Raj Institutions to meet the needs of the local people in rural area and municipalities in urban areas. Even if there are number of programmes, schemes relating to the drinking water supply to people, they are not effectively implemented by local bodies. This paper studies the rural drinking water supply in Mysore Thaluk belongs to Mysore District in Karnataka State and it try to enlighten the work efficiency of local bodies with concern to the drinking water supply the study region.

[1]. Diwakar H and N Nagaraj (2002), Impact of Water Pollutin on Food Security and Environment: Bearing the Brunt, Waste land News, August-October.
[2]. Government of Karnataka (2002-03), Annual Report, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, Banglore.
[3]. Government of Karnataka (2000), Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Karnataka- Strategy Paper 2000-2005, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, Banglore.
[4]. Karnatka Economic Survey Report 2013-14.
[5]. Mysore at a Glance 2012-13.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Correlates of Pro-Environmental Behavior at Railway Station
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Deva Pramod.V.B
	:	10.9790/0837-19852230

Abstract: Indian Railway Stations are criticised for its cleanliness. Throwing the food wastes to the railway track is a common event at Railway stations. So the current study is tend to explore the power of variables proposed by Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict the Pro-environmental Behavior at the Railway Station. The sample consists of 60 individuals from Calicut and Shoranur Railway Stations in Kerala, using Convenient Sampling method. The Scale to measure Pro-environmental Behavioral Intention, Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective norms and Attitude towards Pro environmental behavior are developed specifically for the current research. Results of Correlation and't' test indicate that all the expected variables are significantly related to Pro-environmental Behavior Intention. Variation in Pro-environmental Behavioral Intention with respect to Sex and Geographical location are found to be insignificant.

Keywords: Pro-environmental Behavioral Intention, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norms, Attitude towards Pro-environmental Behavior

[1] Pieters, R., Bijmolt, T., van Raaij, F., & de Kruijk, M. (1998). ―Consumers' attributions of pro environmental behavior, motivation and ability to self and others.‖ Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 17, 215-225.
[2] Sivek, D. J., & Hungerford, H. (1989/1990). ―Predictors of responsible behavior in members of Wisconsin conservation organizations.‖ The Journal of Environmental Education, 21(2), 35-40.
[3] Kaiser, F. G. (1999). ―Responsibility as a predictor of ecological behavior.‖ Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 243-253.
[4] Axelrod, L.J., & Lehman, D. R. (1993). ―Responding to environmental concern: what factors guide individual action?‖ Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 149-159.
[5] Clayton, S., & Myers, G.(2009). ―Conservation Psychology: Understanding and Promoting Human Care for Nature.‖ Oxford, UK: Blackwell

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Revisiting Ghana's 2008 Presidential Run-Off Election
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ntim Gyakari Esew
	:	10.9790/0837-19853136

Abstract: Election is the major means through which representatives are chosen by the electorate. It is, therefore, the medium by which there can be a peaceful transfer of power from one government to another. Several elections have been held in Ghana since 1946. The thrust of this paper however, is to critically review the 2008 Presidential run-off between Nana Akuffo-Addo of the then ruling National Patriotic Party (NPP) and Prof John Evans Atta mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and its implications for democratic consolidation in Ghana. Relying solely on secondary sources for data the paper reveals that the discovery of oil and the denial of the NDC of power for nearly a decade heightened the tension between the two parties especially in the two run-offs.

Key Words: election, run-off, Contestants, Tain, front-runners

[1] Amoah, Michael, (2009): "The Most Difficult Decision Yet: Ghana‟s 2008 Presidential Elections‟, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, April 2009, Vol 3(4), pp174-181

[2] Adom, FM, Joy FM, Peace FM 28-12-30

[3] Ask.com 26-02-2014 @ 22.00hrsGMT

[4] Bain, C.W. (1964) "Election" Dunner J. (Ed), 1964. Dictionary of Political Science, New York Philosophical Library

[5] BBC News 2008-12-08 Retrieved 2008-12-10

[6] Bouton, Laurent (2013) "A Theory of Strategic Voting in Run-Off Elections‟, American Economic Review 2013, 103(4) 1248-1288.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Chaos as Emergence: Comparative Study of William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch and Charu Niveditha's Zero Degree
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Meadows B
	:	10.9790/0837-19853739

Abstract: Conforming to the American school of comparative literature, an attempt is made to compare two semiautobiographical cum fictional works from different geographical areas – the United States and India – with exclusive focus on the modus operandi employed to narrate the books. The books Naked Lunch (1959) by William S. Burroughs and Zero Degree (1998) by Charu Niveditha (Translated into English from Tamil by Pritham K Chakravarthy & Rakesh Khanna, 2008) were written half a century apart, in an entirely contrasting literary as well as social background, yet a striking similarity unites these books in a rather astonishing manner – the nonlinearity in the narration of the social issues in a chaotic and explicit manner. These books share similarity not just in structure, narration, and content but also in the reception of the books among masses. This paper attempts to delineate those unifying qualities and also highlight the subtle cultural differences they exhibit.

Keywords: Burroughs, comparative, nonlinear narrative, transgressive

[1] CLC, "William S. Burroughs Dies at 83; Member of the Beat Generation Wrote Naked Lunch,", in The New York Times, August 3, 1997, p. B5

[2] Skerl, Jennie. William S. Burroughs (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985)

[3] http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=hub201208style_as.asp

[4] http://krazykochi.blogspot.in/2010/04/reading-zero-degree.html

[5] http://kpjayan.blogspot.in/2011/08/zero-degrees-charu-nivedita.html

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of Organizational Crisis Preparedness in Nepal
Country	:	Nepal
Authors	:	Sweta Adhikary
	:	10.9790/0837-19854049

Abstract: The research involves studying the trend of Nepalese organizations practicing crisis management. The recurrence of various types of crisis in different organizations of Nepal indicate that many organizations in Nepal do not practice proper crisis management, due to which they have had to bear devastating consequences and are yet vulnerable to many in coming days. To lessen the impacts of both natural and man-made crisis, organizations need to prepare themselves in order to practice crisis management in order to survive the crisis effectively and efficiently. The primary data in this study was gathered by distributing questionnaires to 55 participants who were selected from a simple random sampling procedure.The results obtained from the study indicate that, many of the participants are ill prepared which lead to inappropriate practice of crisis management, and they are facing consequences like; drop in revenue, cutbacks, dilution of their reputation and others.However, most of the organizations do have some amount of fire extinguishers and emergency exit in the building that have been instilled not because of awarenesstowards likely crisis but because doing so is a part of general trend and practice. From this study we can conclude that the organizations in Nepal are very far from making crisis crisis management their priority. Although, no organizations can prepare themselves for all types of crisis in the world, but practicing crisis management definitely will help the organizations to combat common recurring and possible crises their organizations can face depending on the kind of organization.
Key words: Crisis, Management, Nepal, Organizational, Preparedness, Practice, Vulnerable

[1]. Mitroff, I., & Anagnos, G. (2001). Managing Crisis Before They Happen. New York: AMACOM, a division of American Management Association.
[2]. Gelal Research Group-GRG Rankings and Reviews. (2013). grgrankings. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from www.grgrankings.com:
[3]. http://www.grgrankings.com/#!nepals-top-150-largest-public/cgxe
[4]. Coombs, T. (2011). Ongoing Crisis Communication. London: Sage Publications.
[5]. Lockwood, N. R. (2005). Crisis Management in Today's Business Environment: HR Strategic Role. Research Quarterly .
[6]. Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (2008). Reframing Crisis Management. Crisis Management .

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analyzing Fertility Trends and Future Prospect through Gompertz Model in Bihar State of India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Amit Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-19855058

Abstract: Several Indian states have achieved or on the way of achieving the replacement level fertility, but the performance of Bihar are far from this. Accordingly, this paper attempts to assess the level and trends of fertility in across districts of fertility and its future prospect. Results shows that TFR is slow decline among districts but yet some districts have high TFR and substantial differences across the socio-economic groups. Contraceptive prevalence rate is marginal differs across the socio-economic groups in the state. Result of Gompertz Model indicates that rate of decline in TFR is decelerate after 1997, Low literacy, Low urbanization preceding poverty are may be other important factors, which may be the cause for decelerate. The projection of result indicates that at present projected TFR for the state is 3.66 (2010), which is far away from target of achieve to replacement of fertility till 2010 by national policy agenda. Moreover the pace of fertility decline seems very slow in coming years. For instance, in 2020 it will reach at the level 2.8 and by 2030 it will reduced only up to 2.2. After very long (2035) time, TFR of the state will achieve at replacement level. The Government's intervention should focus more first is the local level need based planning for family welfare programmes.

Key Words: Fertility, Gompertz model, Projection, Replacement level, Trend

[1]. Arriaga, E.E. (1983) Estimating fertility from data on children everborn by age of mother. International Research Document, No. 11, US Bureau of the Census, Washington DC.
[2]. Bhat, P. N. Mari (1994). Level and Trends in Indian Fertility: a reassessment'. Economic and Political Weekly, December17-24: 3273-3280.
[3]. International Institute of Population Science and Macro International (2007), District Level Household Survey (Reproductive and Child Health), 2002–04: India: Mumbai: IIPS.
[4]. International Institute of Population Science and Macro International (2007), National Family Health Survey (MCH and Family Planning), 1998–99: India: , Mumbai: IIPS.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Exclusion and Its Linkage to Violence in Cities of Sub-Saharan Africa– Case Study of Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Kunle Ifesanya , Taiwo David Olugbenga
	:	10.9790/0837-19855965

Abstract: Social divisions and exclusion in society are not new. However, the character of social divisions has changed. The challenges of inadequate resources in cities, caused by unprecedented population explosion and diminishing opportunities, are being further exacerbated. The paper reveals that ethnicity and religion, rather than other characteristics like profession/vocation, economic status etc are the principal identities by which most Africans characterize themselves. These social characteristics have, therefore, become the major causes of segregation and social exclusion within communities, cities and even in the continent within individual countries of Africa, leading to genocides in extreme cases. Improved education and enhanced urban governance is highly essential in ameliorating the situation and maintaining progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

Keywords: African cities, social exclusion, ethnicity, religion, violence.

[1] A Badiane, African cities: Some theses for a new beginning, being a paper delivered on the conferment of honorary doctorate degree of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2006

[2] A.Sherbinin, A. Schiller, and A. Pulsipher, The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards, Environment and Urbanisation,19(1), 2007,

[3] M. Davis, Planet of slums (London, Verso. 2007)

[4] K. Ban, Foreword, in A.Tibaijuka, Building prosperity; the centrality of housing in economic development, (London, Earth scan. 2009)
[5] V. Kreibich, Metropolis: Our common future in the urban age? An introduction, keynote paper presented at the "Our Common Future‟ c

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Analysis of Editorials of "The Nation‟ and "the News‟ the Case Study Of Pak-U.S Relation Issues Duration: Sep 2001 to Sep 2003
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Dr. Abdul Wajid Khan , Dr. Arshad Ali , Malik Adnan , Shehla Jabeen
	:	10.9790/0837-19856671

Abstract: The study aims at investigating as how Pak-US relations issues is being represented andportrayed in two leading Pakistan‟s National newspapers. Two elite newspapers The Nation and The News have been selected for research. This study analyzed the editorials of both newspapers published from September 2001 to September 2003as the universe of the study. Theoretical inspiration is drawn from the postulates of Herman and Chomsky's Propaganda Model and framing theory. This research study has employed a combination of the quantitative and qualitative techniques of content analysis to analyze the contents.

Key words: Pakistan, USA, Relations, Kashmir issue, Negotiation and Terrorism

[1]. Ahmar, M. (2003). Introduction, The World after September 11: Challenges and Opportunities, Karachi: BCC and T.Press.
[2]. Burke, S. (1973). Pakistan‟s Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
[3]. Comsky, N. (2004). Media Control The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda. (2nd Edition) Lahore: Vanguard Books.
[4]. Curtis, L. (2008). U.S-Pakistan Relations. The Heritage Foundation, 1059. Available at http://www.heritage.org/research/ middleeast/ tst01 2208.cfm.
[5]. Dennis Kux, (1993). The U.S and Pak, National Defense, University Press, Inc. p.124.
[6]. Entman, Robert M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm, Journal of Communication 43(4), pp.51-58.
[7]. Ferhat Muhammad, (1991). A History of U.S-Pak Relations, Lahore: Vanguard Books, pp.8-44.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Management of University Electronic libraries in Northwest Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Gani Esther
	:	10.9790/0837-19857280

Abstract: The study sets out to investigate the process of managing university e–libraries in Northwest zone of Nigerian. Issues of e-library management such as personnel, access to the e-library, computer usage, and registration of users, e-library resources and services were discussed. Objectives of this study include among others; who manages the e-library and how the e-libraries are managed. Four research questions among which are; who manages the e-library how are e-libraries managed in universities in Northwest zone of Nigerian are raised. Qualitative research method was adopted. Focus group method, eight (8) University Librarians (40) System librarians and System analysts from eight (8) universities in the Northwest of Nigeria were used as sample size of the study. Questionnaire constituted the instrument for data collection, while descriptive method was used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study showed that the university librarian, system analyst and administrators are the managers of the e-libraries in Northwest zone of Nigeria and the finding also revealed that all the e-libraries in the Northwest zone are mostly funded by the Nigerian government. The universities e-libraries were opened between 8 to 12 hours daily and e-books, e-journals and online databases among others are the resources available in the e-libraries. The major challenges faced by the e-libraries under study were; IT literacy and infrastructure among others. The study concluded that universities should maintained highly trained staff to manage their e-libraries and avoid over dependence on government for funds, they should increase the e-library's opening hours in order to meet up with the ever growing information needs of library users in the Northwest Nigerian universities.

Keywords: Electronic library, Electronic Resources, ICT, IT, Management, Nigerian University

[1]. Aina L.O (2004) Library and Information Science Text for Africa Ibadan: Sam Dex, Pp. 322
[2]. Ani, O. and Edem, N. (2012) Trends in the Development of Virtual Libraries in Nigerian Universities: Paper Presented at NLA @ 5o National Conference and Annual General Meeting Abuja. Pp.198-200
[3]. Anonubi & Okoye (2008). The Role of Academic Libraries in Universal Access to Print and Electronic Resources in the Developing Countries: Library Philosophy and Practice2008.www://electroniclibraries/anunobi-okoye.htm
[4]. Ayo, T.A (2001). Information and Communication Technology and the Information Professional in the Information Age: A Compendium of Papers Presented at the 39th Annual Conference and AGM at Sam Mbakwe Hall, Imo Concord Hotel, Owerri 17-22 June.
[5]. Bar-Ilan J. and Fink, N (2005). Preference for electronic format of scientific journal: a case study of the Science Library users at the Hebrew University. Library and Information Science Research 27: 363-370.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Benevolent Capitalism: Entrepreneurship in Action, Community Reinvestment and National Development
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Suleiman M. Barnabas
	:	10.9790/0837-19858186

Abstract: Capitalism has been the most criticized form of economic system because it is generally believed by critics that the system is inherently exploitative, demeaning and suppressive. In the very face of the avalanche of criticisms, capitalist system continues to successfully transverse the whole globe as the most promising economic system in achieving individual progress and national development. Thus, we must be honest to ourselves that the forces behind capitalism are more than ever fortified to see that no opposing forces fruitfully challenge or destroys the system, so that we must necessarily move from challenging the system as a whole, but rather the identifiable ills of the system, with a view to strongly appealing to the benefactors of the capitalist system, both as individuals and nations, to use the proceeds of capitalism to positively impact the lives of the poor people and nations of the world. In this paper, it is argued that benevolent capitalism, if consciously pursued by business stakeholders, will result in community reinvestment and national development.

Keywords: Benevolent entrepreneurship, Capitalism, Entrepreneurship in action, Community reinvestment, National development

[1]. Butterfoss F.D., and Kegler M.C. (2002) Toward a comprehensive understanding of community coalitions In: DiClemente RJ, Crosby RA, Kegler MC (editors) Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: strategies for improving public health (1st ed., pp157-193)San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[2]. Cohen, S. and Zysman, J. (1987). Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy. New York: Basic Books.
[3]. Eisinger, P.K. (1988) The Rise of the Entrepreneurial State: State and Local Economic Development Policy in the United States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
[4]. Giddens, A. (2009) Sociology; Cambridge: Polity Press
[5]. Porter, M.E. (1995). ―The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City,‖ Harvard Business Review (May/June):55–71.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Demographic Factors among Oil Workers in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Uzonwanne , Francis C. PhD
	:	10.9790/0837-19858795

Abstract: Even though numerous epidemiology studies have examined the patterns of mortality in refinery workers and petroleum distribution workers and even on production and pipeline workers whose primary exposure was to crude oil (Divine and Hartman, 2000), there is a dearth of research on the organizational citizenship behavior among these oil workers. This study seeks to fill the gap by investigating organizational citizenship behavior among oil workers in Nigeria and some demographic factors that determine this behavior among the workers. A power analysis on the OCB-C questionnaire to ensure that the statistical test will have adequate power resulted in a sample size of 120. 300 oil workers drawn from the major Petroleum Co-operation in Nigeria; Pipelines and Product Marketing Co-operation (P.P.M.C), MOSIMI which is a subsidiary of Nigerian National Oil Co-operation (N.N.P.C) were randomly selected for this study. The study set out to determine a significant difference in the organizational citizenship behaviour exhibited by these oil workers based on demographic variables, gender, educational level, and marital status. Findings showed that none of these demographic variables were a determinant factor on the display of organizational citizenship behavior of the oil workers which were actually consistent with existing literature. Findings may be useful in further understanding the role of education, gender and marriage among individuals who seek or hold sensitive positions in significant economical organizations with both the private and public sectors.

Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Gender, Education, Marital Status

[1]. Allen, T.D. (2006). Rewarding good citizens: The relationship between citizenship behaviour, gender and organisational rewards. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(1), 120- 143.
[2]. Aquino, K., & Thau, S. (2009). Workplace victimization: Aggression from the target‟s perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 717–741.
[3]. Bateman, T. S., Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee .citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587- 59.
[4]. Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P., & O‟Driscoll, M. (2001). Organizational Stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications . Thousand Oaks: Sage.
[5]. Divine, B. J. & Hartman, C. M. (2000). Update of a study of crude oil production workers 1946–94.Occupational Environmental Medicine, 57(6) pp:411-417

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Animal Imagery in the Apocalypse
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Blaise Gundu Gbaden , John Joshua Oyedemi
	:	10.9790/0837-198596102

Abstract: The Renaissance was a fertile era for the rise of religious art mainly based on Biblical narratives from the Old and New testaments. Daunting imagery from the Book of Revelation (The Apocalypse) did not inspire the creation of many paintings. It was Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) and William Blake (1757-1827) who produced several Biblical truths largely concentrating on the apocalyptic vision. This profound book contains a rich corpus of animal symbols, which provide challenging archetypes for contemporary painters in Nigeria and elsewhere. These have been presented in this paper chronologically in a lexicon; possible interpretations and analysis of the dense motifs are offered as guide to contemporary Nigerian painters and those interested in pursuing the merits of sacred art. Secondary sources of data have essentially informed the prognosis in this paper. The author acknowledges that this is an ongoing study and it is likely to be deepened when newer insights are gotten from further research.

Key Words: God, Christ, Renaissance, Sacred Art, Apocalypse, Angels, Woman, Dragon, Sulphur, Beast, Allegory

[1]. Bomford. D., et al. (Eds.). (1990). Art in the Making: Impressionism. London: National Gallery Publications.
[2]. Dunbar, B.L. "Albrecht Dürer." Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 [DVD]
[3]. Gombrich, E.H. (1985). Norm and Form: Studies in the art of the Renaissance, 4th edition. London: Phaidon.
[4]. Gombrich, E.H. (1982). The Image and the Eye. Oxford: Phaidon. Pp. 11, 20
[5]. Impe, J. (1982). Revelation Revealed Verse by Verse. Michigan: Jack Van Impe Ministries.
[6]. Lister, R. (1986). The Paintings of William Blake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Overview of the Political Theories of Terrorism
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Ishrat Abbasi , Mukesh Kumar Khatwani
	:	10.9790/0837-1985103107

Abstract: The history of terrorism, most likely originated from the history of political violence yet the term terrorism is comparatively recent. This action is used for coercion, however, there is no unanimously agreed and internationally recognized definition to this action. Common definitions refer this phenomenon to the terrifying acts for any political and religious interest through targeting non-combatants (civilian). By this means, this action is politically and emotionally stimulated and hard to be defined through a single definition. [5]. This research paper attempts to review the most important political approaches to the study of terrorism within the sphere of Political discipline in order to understand the nature and intensity of this action

[1] A.T. Romoano, Terrorism: an analysis of the literature (ETD Collection for Fordham University. Paper AAI8515895, January1984). Available at http://fordham.bepress.com/dissertations/AAI8515895 Accessed: 02-08- 2014.

[2] A. Zalman, History of Terrorism: Anarchism and Anarchist Terrorism, About News Available athttp://terrorism.about.com/od/originshistory/a/Anarchism.htm Accessed 25-7-2014.

[3] B. Hoffman, Inside terrorism. 2nd Ed. (Columbia: Columbia University Press, 2006).

[4] B. Hoffman, The logic of suicide terrorism, The Atlantic Monthly, 291(5), 2003, 1-10.

[5] B. Hoffman, Inside terrorism (Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1998).

[6] B. Hoffman, Holy terror (Santa Monica: RAND, 1993).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influences of gender on academic achievement of Fiber Optic Communication System: An experience of Politeknik Merlimau Melaka
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Rosita Zainal , Rodzah Yahya , Khadijah Abdul Rahman
	:	10.9790/0837-1985108111

Abstract: This article discusses the differences in academic performance among male and female students in the education system at the Politeknik Merlimau Melaka. This study is an exploratory study using secondary data based on the assessment of coursework and final examination of Fiber Optics Communication System subject for a period of three semesters. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) package. There was a significant relationship between gender and academic achievement. t-test showed that the mean performance of male and female differ significantly (t = 3.33, p <0.05). This means that female students have a mean significantly higher than male students in the achievement of a fiber optics communication system. However, this difference is very small. Apart from gender differences it also also found that other factors such as learning styles also contribute to students' academic performance.

Keywords : Gender, Academic achievement, fiber optics communication system, Politeknik Merlimau

[1] J. Battle, and M. Lewis, The increasing significance of class: The relative effects of race and socioeconomic status on academic achievement, Journal of Poverty, 6(2), 2002, 21-35.
[2] R. Oxford, and D. Crookall, Research on six situational language learning strategis: Methods, findings and instructional issues. Modern Language Journal, 73 (4), 1989.
[3] M. Weaver-Hightower, The 'boy turn' in research on gender and education, Review of Educational Research, 73(4), 2003, 471-498.
[4] K.K. Deepak, K.U. Al-Umran, M.H. Al-Sheikh, and A. Al-Rubaish, The influence of gender on undergraduate performance in multiple choice testing in clinical disciplines at University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Al Ameen Journal of Medical Science, 4(2), 2011, 123-130.
[5] OO. Omigbodun and AO. Omigbodun, Influence of gender on undergraduate performance in psychiatry at Ibadan, Nigeria. Med Educ, 37(12), 2003, 1091-93..

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Changing Structure of Out-put & Employment from Primary to Non-primary Sectors of J&K Economy & Kuznets Analysis (1981-2011)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bilal Ahmad Sheikh
	:	10.9790/0837-1985112120

Abstract: Kuznets analysis of Changing Structure of Out-put from Primary to Non-primary sectors of economy is feasible only if this shift leads to improvement in the growth rates in both the sectors of the economy. The shift of workforce from primary to non-primary sectors has also calculated so as to check the productivity and income equalities in the key sectors of J&K state economy. The Changing Structure of Out-put & employment from Primary to Non-primary Sectors is viable for J&K economy as it has lead to the improvement in the growth rates of both the sectors of the state economy.

Keywords: Primary sector, Non-Primary Sector (secondary and tertiary sectors), NSDP, Kuznets Analysis, Linking Factor Method, growth rates.

[1]. Economic census, Govt. of India, various issues.
[2]. Digest of statistics; Directorate of Economics and Statistics; Govt. of J&K, various issues.
[3]. Economic Survey; Directorate of Economics and Statistics; Govt. of J&K, various issues.
[4]. Economic Review of J&K; Directorate of Economics and Statistics; Govt. of J&K, 2007-08.
[5]. Strategizing Industrial Development in Jammu and Kashmir, Khursheed A. Butt, 2005.
[6]. 8th Agriculture Census J & K State, 2005-06.
[7]. The Economy of Jammu and Kashmir by Jasbir Singh