IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: The study discussed the importance of education of women in peace building. The study used primary data, the study was carried out in three local Government in Enugu State. The populations of the study was 33,000 using random sampling 204 samples were used and the findings showed that education encourages girl child education, enables women to participate in peace building and will lead to improved employment opportunities, inclusion in the political arena and decision making, peace building, and increase in the overall economic activities that will improve the development of any nation including Nigeria. Recommended among other things that girl child education should be encouraged from all cultural backgrounds to enable them contribute to the development of the nation.

Keywords: Employment Opportunities, Inclusion, Peace Building, Socio-cultural Practices and Women Education.

[1] D.J. Francis, Peace and conflict studies in West Africa: An overview of Basic concepts in S. Gaya Best (ed) Introduction to Peace and conflict studies in West Africa, Ibadan: Spectrum books Limited, 2012, 15-34.
[2] V.N. Ogakwu,Untapped Economic Contributions of Women to National Development and Sustainability, A Public Relation Challenge, Academic Scholarship Journal, 5(1),2012, 34-46.
[3] V.N. Ogakwu, Cultural Barriers to Gender Equity in Nigeria: An Obstacle for Achieving Education for All, Multi displinary Journal of Academic Excellence, 6(1), 11-21.
[4] J.A. Onyido, The educated women: An evaluation. The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 18(1), 2011, 11-15.
[5] M.Todaro, and S. Smith, Economic Development, Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited, 2011.

Abstract: The place of social media to rally political support is no longer in doubt. To advance the conversation and mobilize political supports, social media has become a critical political tool for campaign planners. The 2011 general elections in Nigeria arguably marked a significant milestone in the use of social media for political communication in the country. Motivated by President Barrack Obama's successful use of Facebook to win the United States elections in 2008 as the first black American president, Nigerian politicians are indeed, gradually taking their campaigns to the social networking sites and other online platforms. Within the election period, political aspirants were disposing of all means to gear up their support base, following the realization that electioneering requires more than just handshakes and physical persuasion..........

Keywords: Social Media, Political Campaign, Electorate, Knowledge and Perception

[1]. Ajayi, A.I. (2007). The Military and the Nigerian state, 1966-1993: A study of the strategies of political power control. New Jersey: Africa World Press.
[2]. Facebook (2011) Facebook Official Statistics. http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
[3]. Alex-Budak, B.A. (2010). "Facebook, Twitter and Barack Obama: New Media and the 2008 Presidential Elections". M.Sc. Thesis submitted to the Department of Public Policy, Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. April 1, 2010.
[4]. Arhewe, P. (2011). 2011 Elections: Politicians and social network media. Retrieved October 10, 2011 from http://prsync.com/arheweforcom/.
[5]. Baran, S. J. & Davis, D. K., (2000). Mass Communication Theory, Foundation, Ferment and Future. U.K.: Wadsworth.

Abstract: Globalisation has brought a sea change in industrial scenario so also in the labour market. This changing scenario opened opportunity for more and more women to join the work force. But the major fall out of this changing scenario is the organizational stress experienced by the individual employee in general and women employee in particular. This paper is an attempt to understand the intensity of various elements of stress among women InformationalTechnology professionals of Mumbai. The researcher used random convenient sampling to get information from women engaged in software development companies located in Mumbai. A rating and comparative analysis war performed to understand the stress elements among them. This paper also tries to find the cause of these stresses so that organization can devise possible measures to thwart them.

Keywords: Globalisation, Network Econmy and Stress

[1]. Beck, Ulrich 2000.The Brave New World of Work, Cambridge: Polity Press.FriedmanThomas,(2006).The world is flat:A brief history of the twenty first Century. New York Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
[2]. Castells, Manuel. 1996.The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Vol.1: TheRise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
[3]. Coleman,J.C(1976).Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life,Bombay:Jaraporewala
[4]. Ivancevich J.M., Napier H.A., Watherbe J.C. (1985). An empirical study of occupational stress,Attitudes and Health among Information System Personnel Information and Management, Vol. 9 (2), pp. 77-85
[5]. Levi, L. 1996. "Spice of life or kiss of death?‟, In Cooper, C.L. (ed.), Handbook of Stress, Medicine And Health. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Abstract: Electoral politics since its inception has presented both acceptable and unacceptable forms of behaviour when it comes to the conduct of elections that have changed through time. Elections worldwide has thus featured attempts by some institutions and participants to undermine the integrity of elections through various ways as ways of getting into power or seeking maintenance of the status quo. Zimbabwe as one of the emerging democracies after so many decades of colonialism has been active in using elections as a democratic way of choosing its national leaders. The Zimbabwean electoral environment has since independence in 1980 been criticised for failure to adhere to the principles of free and fair elections. The timely held elections have been condemned because of their high levels of electoral fraud. To address the anomalies the Electoral Act was amended in 2012 to try and enhance the system to do away with electoral fraud. The paper therefore seeks to analyse the successes of the Act in dealing with electoral fraud as well as the loopholes that still exist which could be manipulated by the electoral fraudsters. Suggestions will be made as to how these electoral challenges could be overcome.

[1]. Alvarez, M.R., Hall, T.E., and Hyde, S.D. (2008) Electoral Fraud: Deterring and Detecting Electoral Manipulation. Amazon Books.
[2]. Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition (2013) Passing of Electoral Act Amendment and Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Bills Highly Commendable. Harare: CZC.
[3]. Electoral Fraud. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_fraud, date accessed, 3/12/2014
[4]. Government of Zimbabwe (2013) Constitution 20th Amendment. Harare: Government Printers.
[5]. Government of Zimbabwe- Electoral Act Chapter 2:13 of 2012. Harare: Government Printers..

Abstract: La philosophie sartrienne a subi beaucoup de critiques surtout par les chrétiens à cause de son athéisme. Cette philosophie que l'on appelle aussi l'existentialisme athée semble indispensable dans la didactique de la littérature française du XXe siècle. Elle est aussi connue partout même au niveau de la didactique de la littérature mondiale, d'où son influence sur la vie des apprenants et des chercheurs littéraires est énorme. Le précurseur de cette philosophie, Jean-Paul Sartre l'a bien valorisée à travers son oeuvre. Il avoue que l'homme est condamné à être libre. Par conséquence, la plupart de gens ont commencé à croire autrement en ce que Sartre dit par rapport à son existentialisme athée..........

Key words :- Croyance, Existence, Humanité, Liberté et Littérature

[1]. Larousse (éditeur): Le Petit Larousse Illustré, Dictionnaire Encyclopédique, Paris, Larousse, 1995, P. 418.
[2]. D. E. Roberts, Existentialism and Religious Belief, New York, Oxford University Press, 1957, pp. 4 – 5.
[3]. Ibid, p. 66.
[4]. J.-P. Sartre, L'Existentialisme est un humanisme, Paris, Nagel, 1968, p. 37.
[5]. Ibid, pp. 17 – 20.

Abstract: It is highly observed that Community Development is not a new concept. Countries embraced it from early stages and Kenya is not left out. It is also clear that community development is aimed at promoting human development by empowering and strengthening community capacities for sustainable development. However, the concept has been misconstrued by both change agents and the purported beneficiaries. There is mistrust and fear of opportunistic implementation of development projects. It is vital to evoke trust among all stakeholders. This study recognizes the key roles of communication in community development. It'soverarching objective is to investigate the interrogative media initiatives, strategies and challenges in community development projects. This is established by review of literature and visiting an existing community project in a rural area, conducting interviews, administering questionnaires and focus group discussions with project management and key stakeholders to get response on the type of interrogative media used as well as the level and types of participation used, as well as the involvement of a communication expert input.

Keywords: communication, community, development, organization, participation, performance, project, psychology

[1] Jan S. (2008) The Role of the Humanities in Rural Community Development. Maine Policy Review

[2] KIE (2005Community). Development: A Training Manual for Community Mobilizers.Kenya Institute of Education, National Centre for Early Childhood Education.

[3] Dore & Mars, (1981). Community Development.UNESCO. London, United Kingdom

[4] Flora & Flora(1993). Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure: A NecessaryIngredient." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences
[5] Gruidl&Hustedde, (2015) Towards a Robust Democracy.The core competencies critical to community developers. Online journal

Abstract: The soviet military invasion in Afghanistan on December 1979 gavenew and serious dimension to the international politics. This intervention had serious political, social and economic effects on Pakistan. Mujahedeen emerged as freedom fighters against foreign aggression. Being an Islamic state, Pakistan provided base camps to them. This frequent border crossing created new problems for Pakistan like drug-trafficking, smuggling, extremism, terrorism and Kalashnikov culture. Soviet involvement in Afghanistan caused mass displacement and influx of refugees to Pakistan.............

Keywords: Invasion, mujahedeen, refugees, war on terror, tribal areas.

[1] Saeeda Sultana, Syed Khawaja Alqama, "Pakistan: The Critical Battlefield of War on Terrorism", Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 32, No. 1 (June 2012), p. 52.
[2] Anthony Arnold, "Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective", (Hoover press, 1985). P.79
[3] Saima Afzal et al, "Terrorism and Extremism as a Non-Traditional Security Threat Post 9/11: Implications for Pakistan's Security", International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 24 [Special Issue – December 2012]. P.195
[4] Riaz khan, "untying the afghan negotiating soviet withdrawal"; progressive publishers Zalidarpark Lahore Pakistan. P. 92-93.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghans_in_Pakistan

Abstract: The obedience of society becomes keys of the success of Islamic Preachers role as a public figure in the community. The role of Islamic Preachers in social change through a procession of religious speech or religious guidance as a container in the form ofIslamic study groups (MajelisTa'lim) according to the schedule agreed upon. Islamic study groups in the town of Palangkaraya in great demand, especially women or mothers starts from noon until late afternoon.Seeing this phenomenon it would need to examine further how the role of Islamic Preachers in society, especially the study on the content/materials religious speech delivered by Islamic Preachers. This type of research approach was naturalistic descriptive qualitative research.The findings in the field that the people of the city of Palangkaraya more pleased to materials relating to domestic life and Fiqh (worship, relationship)related to everyday life. The strategy used is more dominant and the dialogue is religious speech.

Keywords: Role, Islamic preachers, society, study, materials, speeches

[1] Abu Al- Fatah Al –Bayanuniy, Syeh Muhammad. 2001. Science of Preaching Islamic Principles and Code of Ethics.Jakarta. Akademika Pressindo.

[2] Ahmad, Haidlor Ali. 2010. The role of the Forum for Religious Harmony, In the implementation of Article 8.9 and 10 Joint Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs and the minister of religion and affairs No. 9 and 8, 2006 in the province of Central Sulawesi. Jakarta. Balitbang RI.

[3] Ali Aziz, Moh. 2004. Science of Islamic preaching.Jakarta. Prenada Media.

[4] Amir, Munir Samsul. 2008.Reconstruction Thought of Islamic Preaching. Jakarta. Bumi Aksara.

[5] Anshari, Hafi. 1993. Understanding and practice ofIslamic preaching. Surabaya. Al- Ikhlas

Abstract: TThe purpose of this paper is to understand how dialogue could be used to resolve perennial industrial conflicts of the Nigeria medical Doctors in Ebonyi State. The method adopted for this study was survey; the population was about 500 medical doctors serving in Federal Teaching Hospital (FETHA I and FETHA II.). The sample size was150 medical doctors who were randomly selected. This paper was focused on the Conflict Process Theory (CPT). The findings revealed that the major reasons why dialogues fail include abuse of agreement by the Government and high demands by medical professionals...............

Keywords: Dialogue, Resolutions, Industrial Conflicts and Nigeria Medical Doctors.

[1]. The Nations, (2015), Evolution of Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, thenationonlineng.net, 28th May, 2015.
[2]. Nwaebuni, R. (2015); How Medical Unions‟ Demands Tear Apart Nigerian‟s Health Institutions. Pointernewsonline.com, 9th May, 2015.
[3]. Stuart, K., (2010), Professionalism and Healthcare Strikes, South AfricanJournal of Bioethics and Law 3(1): 14-28.
[4]. Linda, E., (2012), Social Dialogue Tool for Managing Industrial Conflict, Sourced from Thisdaylive.com on 23rd September, 2015.
[5]. Oyewunmi, O. A., &Oyewunmi, A. E., (2014), Collective Bargaining in Nigeria‟s Public Health Sector: Evidences for an Inclusive Approach. Journal of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(23), 20-26.

Abstract: Traditional communication has not been subliminally perceived as a result of the vicarious experience with western media forms. It would be said that this worldview, much as it raises the questions about cultural imperialism, has largely been unable to diminish the breath of common knowledge exemplified in the skillful arts of a "town crier‟ in tradition African settings. Also, with the field of development being dominated by the new media, which bears the marks of the modern paradigm with its scientific search for the laws of development, the far-flung debate on the efficacy of traditional media for development and social mobilization and its neglect.............

Keywords: Media, Development, Tradition and Mobilization

[1]. Petman, J. (2007) On Human Communication, Cambridge Mass The M. I.T.Press
[2]. Ugboaja F. (1998), "An overview of the relationship between communication and Rural/National Development in Nwosu I. E. (ED)
[3]. Okunna, C, S. (2002). Teaching Mass Communication, A Dimensional Approach. Enugu: New Generation Books
[4]. Anukwu (1987) Mass Mobilization: The Structure and Functions of Communication, Enugu: Immaculate Publications
[5]. Folarin, B. (1998). Theories of Mass Communication: An Introduction, Ibadan: Stirling-Hordon Publishers (Nig) ltd.

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Abstract: शिक्षा कोई समयबद्ध गतिविधि या खोज नहीं है। शिक्षा और ज्ञान दोनों ही एक सतत प्रक्रिया है जो किसी व्यक्ति के पूरे जीवनकाल में होती है। जैसा कि कहा जाता है, हम हर दिन कुछ नया सीखते हैं। यहां तक ​​कि औपचारिक शिक्षा भी केवल बच्चों या युवा वयस्कों का विशेषाधिकार नहीं है। वयस्क शिक्षा परिपक्व वयस्कों को अधिक सीखने और किसी भी विशिष्ट कौशल को निखारने का मौका देती है जो वे चाहते हैं। आइए इस निबंध में वयस्क शिक्षा के महत्व के बारे में अधिक जानें।वयस्क शिक्षा में परिपक्व वयस्कों को नए कौशल सीखने......

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