IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network subsists of spatially dispersed autonomous devices using sensors to informant physical or environmental conditions. A WSN system consolidates a gateway that provides wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes. A key concern in WSN technology is to enhance the network lifetime and to diminish the energy consumption of the sensor network. Many routing protocols are available for maximizing the network lifetime. Thus, this paper suggested a Multihop-Gateway Energy Aware Routing (M-GEAR) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and also compares the performance of proposed protocol with LEACH, DEEC and EAMMH. Performance analysis and compared statistic results show that the proposed protocol perform well in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Routing Protocol, Network Lifetime and Energy Consumption.

[1] W.Heinzelman, A.Chandrakasan, and H.Balakrishnan, "Enegy-efficient routing protocols for wireless microsensor networks," in Proc. 33rd Hawaii Int. Conf. SystemSciences(HICSS), Maui, HI,Jan.2000.
[2] L. Qing, Q. Zhu, M. Wang, "Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks". ELSEVIER, Computer Communications 29, pp 2230-2237, 2006.
[3] Monica R Mundada, V CyrilRaj and T Bhuvaneswari. "Energy Aware Multi-Hop Multi-Path Hierarchical (EAMMH) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks" European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 88 No 4 October, 2012
[4] Valerie Galluzzi and Ted Herman "Survey: Discovery inWireless Sensor Networks" International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Volume 2012.
[5] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, Wireless sensor networks: a survey, Computer Networks, Volume 38, Issue 4, 15 March 2002, Pages 393-422, ISSN 1389-1286, 10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4.

Abstract:The purpose of this research is to encourage Saudi people Using stone extracted from quarries in the region, the same as it was used to complete the building processes as it was in the past extracted from mountains of Taif city, in order of achieving both the sustainability of such building and to improving the economic side when comparison with new building material, in addition to improve the situation of stone quarries locations when expansion out of the border city, some of these stone quarries produce different valuable products such as marbles, other stone quarries produce aggregates and construction materials use in infrastructures of building and roads..............

Keywords: Old Buildings Styles, Sustainability, Stone Buildings, Stone Quarries.

[1] American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM C-406 Standard.
[2] Building design and construction" June 1990 pp. 141.
[3] National Association of Home Builders. 2007. Study of Life Expectancy of Home Components.
[4] http://archnet.org/library/Dictionary/ entry .jsp? entry_id=DIA0834&mode=ful.http://Buildings and building stone gallery.
[5] http://www.buildingstoneinstitute. org/images/pdfs/LCI_Slate_LCIv1_Sept2009.pdf

Abstract: Housing and overcrowding remains a major problem in the urban centers especially in Lagos state. Satisfaction on housing quality and having personal space for yourself are one of the important indicators that reflect the societal wellbeing. This study provides an understanding for the relationship between housing quality, overcrowding and psychological wellbeing. Respondents of 180 residents were randomly selected from houses in Oshodi and Mushin in Lagos state. The accumulated data collected through questionnaires were then analyzed and descriptive statistics were used to interpret and evaluate the impact of housing quality and overcrowding on wellbeing............

Keywords: Housing Quality, Lagos State, Overcrowding, Psychological Wellbeing

[1] T., Blackman,J., Harvey, M., Lawrence, A., & Simon,.Neighbourhoodrenewal and health: evidence froma local case study. Health & Place, (2001) 7, 93e103.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(01)00003-X

[2] A., Kumie and Y., Berhane. Crowding in a traditional rural housing ("Tukul") in Ethopia. Ethiopia Journal of Health Development,(2002) 16 (3), 303-308.

[3] T. Agboola, "Housing state" in Readings in Urban and Regional Planning; AgboolaTunde (ed). Lagos (2005)Macmillan Publishers.Pp 187- 256.

[4] D.P.,Goldberg, R., Gater. N., Satorius. T.B., Üstün, M., Piccinelli, O., Gureje, M., &Rutter,. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care.Psychological Medicine, (1997) 27, 191-197.

[5] O.A. Adeleye and A.E Anofojie "Housing in Festac Town, Lagos State, Nigeria", in Ife Research Publication in Geography, (2011)Vol 10 No. 1, Pgs 154-163.

Abstract: Fathers are acknowledged as important influences on children behavior development.The present investigation was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district two areas were selected i.e, urban and rural. The sample consist 100 girls between the age group of 7-8 years and their parents (both mother and father). 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from Hisar city and 50 girls and their parents were selected randomly from rural area. A total of 50 boys between the age group of 7 to 8 years with both of their parents were selected randomly from each location...........

Keywords –Adaptive behaviour, father education, communication, daily living skills

[1] Anonymous. 2002. Americation Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) http://www.aamr.org
[2] Ayers, H. 2002. An A to Z Practical Guide to emotional and behavioural difficulties. London: David Fulton Publishers. [3] Baumrind, D. 1991. The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1) : 56-95.
[4] Bharadwaj, R.L. 1996. Perceived parental behaviour and self- concept among adolescents. Presentation. 2nd National Conference of PLAl. Nagpur: L.A.D. College.
[5] Bradley, R.H. and Caldwell, B.M. 1984. The home inventory: A validation of preschool scale for black children. Child Development. 52: 708-710.

Abstract: In the Ottoman Empire being one of the Turkish-Islam States, the collected taxes in the treasury incomes are one of the important income items. Collecting the tax incomes in fair, proper and systematic in Ottoman Empire was important both for the welfare of the people and the state. Therefore, different tax collecting systems were applied in the borders of state throughout the history. One of the tax collecting methods applied in the lands of the state is taxationsystem (Iltizam system).Even though the taxation system having been applied as of the middle of XV. Century in the Ottoman Empire was interrupted time to time, it was used as an effective method on the collecting of tax incomes

[1] Akdağ, Mustafa, (1965), "Main Order of the the Ottoman Empire on the Period of Rise" AÜ DTCFHistory Institute, Historical Research Journal V. 3, P. 4-5, pn.142-153.
[2] Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives (PMOA), Registry number:2341, Fund Code: ML. VRD.d
[3] Alper, Değer and Anbar, Adem (2010), "The Method and Vehicles that The Ottoman Empire used for Internal Debts", Revenue Office Journal of Finance Article.Year:24, P. 87, April, pp. 27-49.
[4] Cezar, Yavuz, (1986), Crisis and Change Period in the Ottoman Revenue Office(Financial History to Tanzimat from XVIII. Century), Alan Publishing, İstanbul.
[5] Devellioğlu, Feridun, (2008), Ottoman Turkish-Turkish EncyclopedicalDisctionary, Aydın Book Store, Ankara

Abstract: This study focused on repositioning of entrepreneurship education for entrepreneurial success of library and information science students. A study of Nasarawa state polytecnic lafia Nigeria.Case study research was used to find out the available facilities used for teaching library related business enterprises and non library entrepreneurial enterprises, the strategies used in teaching entrepreneurship education and to identify the problems affecting the teaching of entrepreneurship education in the study area. Lecturers constituted the population of the study, interview and observation were the instruments for data collection. Data generated were coded, transcriped and tabulated..........

Key words : Entrepreurship, Entrepreneurship education, library and information science, polytecnic, students

[1] Joint Admission Matriculation Board. Unified Tertiary Matriculation, Examinations. Abuja: Joint Admission and Matriculation Board. 2012.
[2] A, Musa, Critical Assessment of Government Initiatives of Entrepreneurship Development and Poverty Eradication. A Case study of NEEDs. Masters Thesis. Bayero University, Kano, MBA, 2009.
[3] F.O. Aladekomo, Nigeria Educational Policy and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Science, 9 (2), 2004, 75 – 78.
[4] S.S. Amoor, Integrating Entrepreneurship Education Into Business Education Curriculum in Nigerian University. Zaria Journal of Libral Arts, 2 (2), 2008, 1 – 2.
[5] C.O. Nadozie, P.C. Akanwa and C.D. Nnadozie, Aspirations of Nigerian Para – Professional Interdisciplinary Studies, 2 (5), 2013, 149 – 161.

Abstract: Infaq, As Found In The Quran And Sunnah Most Frequently Along With Salah (Prayer), Indicates Spending Away For The Overall Well Being Of The Society. All Bounties Whether Physical Gifts, Or Intangible Gifts Or Spiritual Gifts Proceed From Allah. Every One Of Them Will Be Utilized In The Well Being Of Mankind. Infaq, One Of The Salient Characteristics Of Allah Fearing Men Is The Backbone Of Interpersonal Transfers In The Islamic Economic System.............

Keywords: Review,Infaq, Philosophy, Obligatory, Voluntary, Way

[1] Ahmad, I. A. F. (1999),Mujamu Maqayees Al –Lugah , Vol. 5,( P. 454) Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al Fikr .
[2] Al-Bukhari, A. A. M. I. I. (N.D.) Sahih Al- Bukhari, 3rd Edition, Al Maktabah Al Shamelah.
[3] Al Kattab N.(2007) English Translation Of Sahih Muslim First Edition, Vol.4 Riyadh Saudi Arabia Darussalm.
[4] At-Tirmidhi, M. I E. ( N.D.) Al-Jami`At-Tirmidhi, 3rd Edition, Al Maktabah Al Shamelah.
[5] Al-Fawzan, D.Salih, A Summay Of Islamic Jurisprudence, Retrieved From On October 26, 2015, Https://Islamfuture.Wordpress.Com/2010/04/24/

Abstract: The Omani criminal justice systems is founded upon principles of civil law and Shari‟a therefore, an inquisitorial model of criminal justice system adopted which juristically influenced from the Islamic law and French system of administration of justice. Over the years, Oman has developed an integrated judicial system. Since 1970 many legal reforms have been introduced in the criminal justice system including criminal law and procedures to conduct fair investigation of crimes, prosecution and trial and judicial system. Whereas criminal offences are divided into three categories such as felonies..........

Keywords: Criminal justice system; Omani penal procedure code; investigation; prosecution; Royal Oman Police; Defence Lawyer

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Abstract: The study investigated the availability and use of information resources and services by the lecturers of College of Agriculture Lafia in order to enhance their teaching and research activities. The lukewarm attitude of the lecturers towards utilization of library resources and services is the problem of the study. A case study was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in College of Agriculture Lafia, Nasarawa State with sixty five lecturers as the population of the study. Instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire. The instrument is divided into two parts.........

Keywords: College library, library resources, library services, lecturers.

[1] E.Awojobi. Determinants of Library Use by Lecturers of Science and College of Agricultural Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoyi, Nigeria, 2004.
[2] E.Awojobi. Determinants of Library Use by Lecturers of Science and College of Agricultural Science Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoyi, Nigeria, 2004.
[3] M.S. Lolar and M. kumbar. Use of Library Facilities and Information Resources in saliyadri College, Shimogo(Karnalla): A Study. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 49, 2002,73-87.
[4] B. Rajgopal. User Survey of Srikrishna Devaraya University Library. Library Herald 28 (1&2), 1998, 17-25.
[5] L.O. Aina. Library and Information Science Text for Africa Nigeria: Third world Information services Ltd, 2004.