IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Background:"Sometimes it's the smallest decisions that can change your life forever". Life is made of decisions however big or small they are, whichever area it may concern- family, work, etc. Having pressure along with keeping a track of one's morals while deciding on something is another ball game altogether. Objective: Therefore, the aim we carry here is to study the effect of presence and absence of time pressure on one's moral judgement. Methodology:Experimental Method is used to conduct the study. The age range of sample is 14 to 16 years. The sample of 60 students is segregated into two groups with 30 numbers each.5 trolley problems were asked to be solved by both the groups. Group A had no time constraints while B was given 60 seconds per question restraint to answer......

Keywords: Time Pressure; Decision Making; Moral Judgement; Trolley Problem

[1]. Tingho¨g G, Andersson D, Bonn C, JohannessonM, Kirchler M, Koppel L, et al. (2016) Intuition and Moral Decision-Making –The Effect of Time Pressure and Cognitive Load on Moral Judgment and Altruistic Behavior. PLoS ONE 11 (10): e0164012. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164012
[2]. Ordóñez, Lisa & III, Lehman & Pittarello, Andrea. (2015). Time Pressure Perception and Decision Making.. 10.1002/9781118468333.ch18.
[3]. Lee, Eun-Ju & Yun, Jin Ho. (2017). Moral incompetency under time constraint. Journal of Business Research. 99. 438-445. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.043.
[4]. Suter, Renata & Hertwig, Ralph. (2011). Time and moral judgment. Cognition. 119. 454-8. 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.018.
[5]. Zhong, CB., Ku, G., Lount, R.B. et al. Compensatory Ethics. J Bus Ethics 92, 323–339 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0161-6

Abstract: There are over 700 Scheduled Tribes notified under Article 342 of the Constitution of India, spread over different States and Union Territories of the country. Many tribes are present in more than one state. The population of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the country, as per census 2011 is 10.45 crore. STs constitute 8.6 percent of the country‟s total population and 11.3 percent of the total rural population. Several provisions have been incorporated in the Constitution of India for safeguarding and promoting the interests and rights of the Scheduled Tribes in various spheres so as to enable them to join the national mainstream. The Constitution of India has several provisions to prevent discrimination against people belonging to Scheduled Tribes and to protect their rights.

Key Words: Constitution, Development, Principles, Provision, Welfare

[1]. Biswas, Dr.Ranjan Kumar, "SC, ST and Other Backward Class in India", New Delhi: Mahaveer and Sons, 2008.
[2]. Ghurye, G.S., "The Scheduled Tribes", Bombay: The Popular Prakashan, 1963.
[3]. Gupta, P. "Tribal Development Administration", New Delhi: Classical Publishing Co., 1998.
[4]. Hasnain, Nadeen, "Tribal India", New Delhi: PalakPrakashan, 2011.
[5]. Oxford Dictionary, 1993.

Abstract: Background: The objective of this work was to present a brief report about racism, as well as slavery in Brazil, and the current inequality rates between blacks and browns in the country, to justify the need for quotas at the university level. In this sense, after the abolition of slavery in the country, there was no policy from the government to gradually insert blacks into society, leaving them on the margins of society, which came to manifest structural racism. Even a little over a hundred years after the signing of the Golden Law, there are still many racial inequalities in the country, and prejudice due to this. Materials and Methods: This article is the result of a bibliographic research for theoretical construction, based on the literature on the history of Brazil, as well as on the data released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2018), on racial differences in all spheres of society , as well as, in theorists who have studied how society sees quotas today, and how it is.....

Key Word: Quotas; Education; Slavery; Racism.

[1]. ALLPORT, G.W.; CLARK, K.; PETTIGREW, T. The nature of prejudice. Boston: Addison-Wesley,1954.
[2]. BARBOSA, A.F. A formação do mercado de trabalho no Brasil: da escravidão ao assalariamento. 2003. 390 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia Aplicada) – Instituto de Economia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo. 2003.
[3]. CAMPOS, Larissa Couto et al. Cotas sociais, ações afirmativas e evasão na área de Negócios: análise empírica em uma universidade federal brasileira. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, v. 28, n. 73, p. 27-42, 2017
[4]. CARDOSO, F.H. Capitalismo e Escravidão no Brasil Meridional: o negro na sociedade escravocrata do Rio Grande do Sul. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1997.
[5]. COMPARATO, F.K. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2003.

Abstract: Women are neglected in our society from the very beginning. They speak but practically are made silent by the dominant male society. They are expected to be polite, obedient, gentle, shy, beautiful, loving, caring, sacrificing, etc. Most importantly, they are projected as the ones who should live for others, even die for others quietly. The hypothesis of this paper is that Jocasta, the female protagonist in Oedipus Rex, gradually loses her identity under the over shadowing presence of the male protagonists like Oedipus, Creon, and Teiresias. To be more precise, playwright Sophocles creates such a narrative where Jocasta, though vested with royal respect, is given a personhood so meagre as to become separated from any dialogic involvement in the play. The objective of this paper is to find out how Jocasta becomes voiceless under the imperious illustration of the male protagonists by Sophocles in....

Key Word: Greek Classics, Jocasta, Male protagonists, Immasculation, Scapegoat, Gynocriticism

[1]. Allan, David. "The Ideal image: Women in Fifth-Century Drama". Word Press. 27 Mar. 2013,wssd.org/cms/lib02/PA01001072/drama/fifthcentury/202/Women_Ideal_Image_Article.pdf. Accessed 17 Oct. 2015.
[2]. Aristotle. The Poetics of Aristotle. Translated by Butcher. S.H., eBook, The Project Gutenberg eBook of Poetics, 2008.
[3]. Edwards, T.W.C., Trans. Alcestis of Euripides. Cambridge University Press. 2010.
[4]. Fetterley, Judith. "On the Politics of Literature." Literary Theory: An Anthology. 2nd ed., edited by Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.
[5]. Gould, Thomas. "The Innocence of Oedipus: The Philosophers on Oedipus the King, Part III." Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations: Sophocles' Oedipus Re, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2007, pp. 39-40.

Abstract: Experimentation in the field of literary text by the authors of modernist literature is explained by the rethinking of the canonical status of the established components of the former artistic paradigm, which stimulated the renewal of artistic forms of the early twentieth century. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the system of modernism, our work notes that modernist innovation was not so much the purposeful destruction of established forms, but also reconstruction, building new connections between elements of the artistic system. Literary experiments of modernism concerned primarily the form of a work of art. The defining principles of the poetics of modernist writers were the original modeling of the temporality of their works, the interaction of different types of art and genre decanonization. English modernism appeared against the background of Victorian literature, and, accordingly....

Key Word: modernism, a stream of consciousness, English modernist text, an internal monologue

[1]. Belyaeva O. V. Istoky i razvytye modernyzma v Angliyi // Kulʹtura narodov Prychernomorʹya. Filolohycheskie nauki, 2005. № 73. S.232 – 235.
[2]. Davydenko H. Y. Istoriya zarubizhnoyi literatury XX stolittya: [navch. posibnyk.] / Davydenko H. Y., Strelʹchuk H. M., Hrychanyk N. I. [22he vyd. pererob. ta dop.]. K. : Tsentr uchbovoyi literatury, 2009. 488 s.
[3]. Glinka N. V. Mifopoetyka u tvorchosti D. H. Lawrence: monohr. / N. V. Glinka. K.: NTUU "KPI", 2012. 200 s.
[4]. Herman M. Yu. Modernyzm. Iskusstvo pervoy polovyny XX veka / M. Y. Herman. SPb.: «Azbuka-klassyka», 2008. 480 s.
[5]. Lawrence D. H. Lady Chatterley's Lover [Електронний ресурс] / D. H. Lawrence // Project Gutenberg Australia. 2001. Режим доступу до ресурсу: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100181h.html

Abstract: In an inclusive setup, teachers have a prominent role. A teacher should be of multi-skilled personality. Their attitude is important to become a perfect inclusive teacher. This paper investigates the essentials of teacher preparation for visually challenged students. The teacher preparation for a visually challenged student is taken as a subject or case. For the case study, the investigator chose the sample from the training Centre for teachers of visually challenged students in Palakkad. The purposive sampling method is used for the study. The investigator inquired about the process of teacher preparation for visually challenged students from the Head, faculties, and students of the institution. Findings of the study revealed that both normal and visually challenged students gained teacher training and they have got enough confidence and self-awareness from this course. Hence the present educational system should provide adequate opportunities to develop various skills for the teachers to transform them into true inclusive teachers.

Key Word: Visually Challenged, Teacher Preparation for Visually Challenged, Inclusive Education

[1]. Sharma, S.R. (2003). Teacher training and educational research. New Delhi: Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd.
[2]. Tyagi, G. (2016).role of teachers in inclusive education. International journal of education and applied research, 115-116
[3]. Mangal. S.K. (2009). Educating Exceptional Children an Introduction to Special Education. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited.
[4]. Whitworth, J.W. (1999).A Model for Inclusive Teacher Preparation. Electronic journal for inclusive education, 1-10.
[5]. Sanjeev, K., & Kumar, K. (2007). Inclusive Education in India, Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2 (2).

Abstract: Classroom incivility is a major concern in higher education literature; however these concerns apply to management education has not been addressed. This study tries to examine the types of incivility in the classroom from the perceptive of students and teachers. It tries to see various reasons from the students to do uncivil behaviour in the classroom. There are various activities carried by the teachers so that to reduce classroom incivility. Thus this research paper tries to examine the correlation between teacher's activities and reduction in incivility. There is a weak or very weak correlation between the incivility behaviour and the reasons for doing such activities in the classroom. There is a moderate correlation between activities done by teachers to reduce classroom incivility and uncivil behaviour by the management education students. Future research is required with larger sample size and covering the nation.

Key Word: Classroom incivility, management, education, teachers, students, behaviours

[1]. Angela R. Ausbrooks, S. H. (2011). Now You See It, Now You Don't: Faculty and Student Perceptions of Classroom Incivility in a Social Work Program. Advances in Social Work , 255-275.
[2]. Clark, C. M. (2007). Faculty and Student Assessment of and Experience with Incivility in Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Education , 458-465.
[3]. Feruzan Irani Williams, C. C. (2013). INCIVILITY IN ACADEME: STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING HIGH-PERFORMING INSTIGATORS. Journal of Business and Educational Leadership , 148-159.
[4]. HEIKE C. ALBERTS, H. D. (2010). Classroom Incivilities: The Challenge of Interactions between College Students and Instructors in the US. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, , 439-462.
[5]. Hildeguard Vink, O. A. (2015, october 07). Retrieved december 18, 2019, from http://www.curationis.org.za doi:10.4102/curationis.v38i1.1464

Abstract: This paper assesses the plan and policies that have guided development and other processes of change in the central area of Jos town in Nigeria. The study assesses the implementation of the Doxiadis Jos-Bukuru Master Plan of 1975 and the Fola Konsult Greater Jos Master Plan (2008-2025) which were prepared to guide development of the central area of Jos by the then state governments. Regeneration policies in Jos central area had mainly been through the provisions of these two master plans, which had remained largely unimplemented. Though, the process of physical change is desirable, the result shows that, the recent growth is not based on sustainable planning strategies, and the central area has not been able to cope with the pressures of economic growth and physical expansion in land uses and activities due to poor implementation of the provisions of these master plans. Thus, bringing about uncoordinated efforts within the central area of this rapidly growing regional urban area in the country.

Key Word: Jos, Central Area, Master Plans, Urban Regeneration Policies, Partnerships

[1]. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016). The World's Cities in 2016 – Data Booklet (ST/ESA/ SER.A/392).
[2]. Karimu, A. T. (1984). A critical evaluation of dual city pattern in Nigeria: A case study of Ilorin, (M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria).
[3]. Musa, J., & Dung-Gwom J. Y. (2018a). Assessment of Urban Regeneration Activities in the Central Area of Jos Town, Nigeria. UPLand – Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 3(1), 75-88.
[4]. Wapwera, S. D. (2013) Spatial Planning Framework for Urban Development and Management in Jos Metropolis Nigeria (PhD thesis, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom).
[5]. Federal Ministry of Housing & Urban Development (2003). sustainable human settlements in Nigeria; national urban strategies 2003

Abstract: Since EMI is under-researched in the context of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), the aim of this interpretive, exploratory study was to examine the challenges content lecturers confront in EMI classrooms at a major state university in the KRI. This study collected data using a large-scale survey using a questionnaire, and face-to-face, semi-structured individual interviews. The findings showed that lecturers encountering a number of challenges when teaching in English. One such challenge was students' relatively low level of English. This study recommends policymakers and university administrators to provide sufficient support to enhance lecturers' and students' English language proficiency, establish a consistent EMI policy, and review and reconsider the current approach so as to allow the university to have a productive, and coherent language policy......

Key Word: EMI; Challenges; Perceptions; Language Policy; Language Proficiency.

[1]. Aizawa, I., & Rose, H. (2018). An analysis of Japan's English as medium of instruction initiatives within higher education: The gap between meso-level policy and micro-level practice. Higher Education. doi: 10.1007/s10734-018-0323-5
[2]. Akünal, Z. (1992). Immersion programmes in Turkey: An evaluation by students and teachers. System, 20, 517-29.
[3]. Ali, N. L. (2013). A changing paradigm in language planning: English-medium instruction policy at the tertiary level in Malaysia. Current Issues in Language Planning, 14(1) 73-92.
[4]. Başıbek, N., Dolmacı, M., Cengiz, B. C., Bür, B., Dilek, Y., & Kara, B. (2014). Lecturers' perceptions of English medium instruction at engineering departments of higher education: A study on partial English medium instruction at some state universities in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1819-1825.
[5]. Belhiah, H., & Elhami, M. (2015). English as a medium of instruction in the Gulf: When students and teachers speak. Language Policy, 14(1), 3-23.

Abstract: Spousal abuse can be traumatizing both physically and psychologically to the victims, but many women continue to stay in abusive spousal relationships. This is despite the fact that trauma experienced as a result of betrayal from a loved one is much deeper with serious psychological scars. This study examined the turning points that could be used in helping abused women to end spousal abuse and turn from being victims to survivors. Data were collected from 10 women survivors in Embakkasi Sub county of Nairobi County by use of an in depth semi-structured interview schedule and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs).A phenomenological data analysis process was used to analyze the descriptions of the turning points that were brought out by the participants. Results showed that awareness of abuse, social support, economic empowerment, sense of autonomy and severity of abuse, were the main turning points that triggered the survivors to reappraise and end their abusive situations. Using the Transtheoritical model, the article recommends that women need to be empowered to reappraise their stay decisions so as to move progressively from contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance of abuse free relationships.

Key words: Spousal abuse, victim, survivor, turning points, empower

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[2]. Al-Modallal, H, Sowan, A. K, Hamaideh, S, Peden, A. R, Al-Omari, H & Al-Rawashdeh, A. B.(2012).Psychological outcomes of intimate partner violence experienced by Jordanian working women. Health Care for Women International, 33(3), 217-227.
[3]. Amanor-Boadu, Y, Messing, J.T, Stith, S.M, Anderson, J.R, O'Sullivan, C.S & Campbell, J.C. (2012). Immigrant and non-immigrant women: Factors that predict leaving an abusive relationship. Violence Against Women. XX(X), 1–23.
[4]. Astion, M, & O'Brian, K. (2009).Massachusetts intimate partner homicide review: An overview of district attorney cases between 2005 and 2007. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security Research and Policy analysis Division.
[5]. Azziz-Baumgartner,E,Homaira.N,Hamadani,J.D,Tofail,F,Dahlberg,L.L,Haque,R, Luby,S.P & Naved,R.T.(2014). The prevalence and impact of intimate partner violence on maternal distress in a community of low-income Bangladeshi and displaced ethnic Bihari mothers: Dhaka, 2008-2009. Violence Against Women, 20(1), 59–73: