IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: The projected change in the demographic composition will result in excess or reduction of the work force compared to the elderly persons. The needs of children are mainly covered through transfers from the parents and the needs of elderly persons mainly through public transfers from the population which is active in the labour market. The relative sizes of these groups are surly extent of burden. The relative changes in the age-groups will act supply chain in the social structure. An increase in economic dependency will require more reallocation from workers to the dependent population. In the light of this, dependency ratio, age-specific dependency or support ratio has been calculated for the states in India for 2011, 2016, 2021, 2026, 2031 & 2036 years. The states have also been compared based on support ratio on projected population.

KEYWORDS – age specific dependency ratio, support ratio, age group, projected population

[1]. Bengtsson, T. (Ed.)(2010): Population ageing—a threat to the welfare state? The case of Sweden. Springer.
[2]. European Commission. (2014): The 2015 ageing report: Underlying assumptions and projection methodologies. European Economy, 8.
[3]. Ghara, T.K. (2020): Comparison Through Age-Sex Composition Of The Districts Of West Bengal Based On Census 2011 Data, International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research ISSN: 2455-8834 Volume:05, Issue:08
[4]. Ghara, T.K. (2020): Effect Of Age Composition Among North East States In India - Census Data Analysis, IJMER, Volume 10, Issue 10(2)

Abstract: Background- The use of internet is growing in day to day life. Internet affected lifestyle and communication technology in the world. Internet users are increasing rapidly after development of 4G technology, Android technology and cost effective mobile. People are addicted to smartphones. It leads to addiction of social media, video games, cybersex or online sex, sexting. With excess use of internet, internet addiction emerged as major problem among youth. Internet addiction leading mood disorder, anxiety, depression, isolation, boredom, procrastination. Research scholars use internet for both social interaction and research and academia. The aim of this research paper is to analyse the internet addiction among Ph.D research scholars. Method- The internet addiction test (by Dr. Kimberly Young), which is the accurate and validated indicator of internet addiction severity, was performed....

Keywords- Internet Addiction, Research Scholar, Social Media

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[2]. Alavi SS, Jannatifard F, Maracy M, Rezapour H. [The psychometric properties generalized pathological internet use scale (GPIUS) in Internet users students of Isfahan Universities (Persian)]. Journal of Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2009; (40):38-51.
[3]. Stavropoulos V, Alexandraki K, Motti-Stefanidi F. Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools. Journal of Adolescence. 2013; 36(3):565–76. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.008
[4]. Tiwari K. Jitendra, Verma Kanishk , "social Media and its effects on Youth in Lucknow City", Tripathaga 2018, 16-19
[5]. Ade D, Khare A, Kayande S, "Study of internet Addiction Addiction in Undergraduate Medical Students", IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, Vol.17, Issue.3, Ver.8, 2018, 51-55

Abstract: Background:The accounting profession plays an important role in every business organisation. Traditionally, the role of the accountant has often been limited to the provision of financial information. Over the years, this role of the accountant has been perceived as limited in scope. It has been argued that the role of accountants can also be managerial in character. This reflects the strategic importance of the profession in modern organizations. Most scholars acknowledge that the role of the accountants has changed. In this changing nature of things, accountants must acquire other skills to assert their relevance in the modern business organisation. The thrust of this study was to assess the skills required of accountants to be able to function effectively in their changing work role..

KEYWORDS: Skills requirements, accountants, changing work environment

[1]. Mouritsen, J. (1996). Five aspects of accounting departments' work. Management Accounting Resear David, M., & Sutton, C. D. (2004). Social research: The basics(Vol. 74, No. 3). Sage.ch, 7(3), 283-3 Ramachandran Rackliffe, U., & Ragland, L. (2016). Excel in the accounting curriculum: perceptions from accounting professors. Accounting Education, 25(2), 139-166.03.
[2]. Bouyer, K. (2011) Firm panel: How are students transitioning?, Fourth Annual Conference on Teaching and Learning in Accounting (CTLA), American Accounting Association, Denver, USA, August
[3]. Klibi, M. F., & Oussii, A. A. (2013). Skills and attributes needed for success in accounting career: Do employers' expectations fit with students' perceptions? Evidence from Tunisia. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(8), 118.
[4]. Jackling, B., & De Lange, P. (2009). Do accounting graduates‟ skills meet the expectations of employers? A matter of convergence or divergence. Accounting Education: an international journal, 18(4-5), 369-385.
[5]. Bui, B., & Porter, B. (2010). The expectation-performance gap in accounting education: An exploratory study. Accounting Education: an international journal, 19(1-2), 23-50..

Abstract: Background: Breast milk is the essential food under the 6 months of the children. The WHO and UNICEF recommended the rate of exclusive breastfeeding must be 90% for children less than 6 months. It is scientifically proven that exclusive breastfeeding is important for children younger than 6 months. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in EPI centers of both private and public hospitals in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 257 breastfeeding mothers. Informed consent was taken from the participants before enrolment into the study and interviewed. Results: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, family income, maternal education, Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

[1]. World Health Organization. Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health; Breastfeeding. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016. Available at: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/newborn/nutrition/breastfeeding/en/. Accessed on 11 November 2020.
[2]. World Health Organization. Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the first six months of life, 2002. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42519. Accessed on 11 November 2020.
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[4]. Edmond KM. Delayed breastfeeding initiation increases risk of neonatal mortality. PEDIATRICS. 2006;117(3):e380-e386.
[5]. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, Onis MD, Ezzati M. Maternal and child undernutrition: Global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-260

Abstract: HIV/AIDS remains a global public health crisis that disproportionately affects women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where women face substantial social and economic inequalities. Integrated HIV and livelihood programs (IHLPs) that simultaneously target HIV-related health behaviors and economic security are increasingly being employed as public health best practice with women in low resource contexts. Yet, evidence on IHLPs remains limited, and little is known about the experiences of women participants or the impact on family stability and mother-child relationships. Using qualitative interviews, this study explored the experiences of single mothers in extreme poverty living with HIV/AIDS (n=27) who participated in an IHLP in Kenya.Analysis yielded four themes.....

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; poverty; intervention; livelihoods; women's health; participatory research

[1]. Allen, A. B., Finestone, M., Eloff, I., Sipsma, H., Makin, J., Triplett, K., ... & Ferreira, R. (2014). The role of parenting in affecting the behavior and adaptive functioning of young children of HIV-infected mothers in South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 18(3), 605-616.
[2]. Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M., Okeng'o, L., Wagura, A., & Mwenzwa, E. (2007). Putting on a brave face: the experiences of women living with HIV and AIDS in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS care, 19(sup1) 25-34.
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[4]. Awiti-Ujiji, O., Mia Ekström, A., Ilako, F., Indalo, D., Lukhwaro, A., Wamalwa, D., & Rubenson, B. (2011). ‗Keeping healthy in the backseat': How motherhood interrupted HIV treatment in recently delivered women in Kenya. African Journal of AIDS Research, 10(2), 157-163.
[5]. Barbour, R. S. (2001). Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: A case of the tail wagging the dog? British Medical Journal, 322 (7294), 1115-1117

Abstract: Today English can be understood as an international language because people from many different countries use it to communicate. "English as a tool of communication has been playing an important part in acquiring cultural, scientific and technical knowledge, for collecting worldwide information and carrying out international exchange and cooperation" (Liu, 2010, p. 136). Consequently, English speaking ability is very important because it is the key to unlock the door of the world. Budiastuti (2007) conceded that speaking is "verbal language" to deliver ideas or express thoughts and feelings. However, most students of Vietnamese universities are unsuccessful......

[1]. Budiastuti, R. E. (2007). The Use of Cue Cards in Teaching Spoken Descriptive Text. English Department Language and Art Faculty. State University of Semarang. Retrieved from: http://luluvikar.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/using-cue-card-inteaching-spoken1.pdf
[2]. Dahlberg, L., & McCaig, C. (2010). Practical Research and Evaluation: A Start-to-Finish-Guide for Practitioners. SAGE publications Ltd. London.
[3]. Ha, K. (2005). Getting the picture: Using Visual Learning Techniques to Foster Higher Order Thinking Skills and Encourage Connections in the Secondary Classroom.Portage Community High School, Portage, MI,10 (21), 41- 47. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1198
[4]. Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching (rev. Ed). London: Longman.
[5]. Hinchey, P. H. (2008). Action Research. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York.

Abstract: Fiscal irregularities (FIs) have become a major challenge confronting many institutions. The situation in local governments is so alarming that it has become crucial for academic discourse. Though the importance of the subject has led to increase in research and recognition, only few studies (case studies or chapters in studies of national tax systems) usually conducted by the Britten Woods Institutions or special commissions have been identified to focus on the fiscal role and performance of local governments. This study sought to identify and classify the acts of fiscal irregularities, identify the local perpetrators and explore the situation of FIs in MMDAs of Ghana. The study as a descriptive research used secondary data through qualitative approach to discuss the situation of FIs across 260 MMDAs. The study used SPSS for a descriptive analysis of the Auditor General of Ghana‟s report from 2015 – 2018. The study.....

Keywords: District Assemblies Common Fund; Fiscal Irregularity; Ghana; Local Governments; Auditor General‟s Report

[1] O. S. Agyemang and M. Castellini, "Corporate governance in an emergent economy: A case of Ghana," Corp. Gov., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 52–84, 2015, doi: 10.1108/CG-04-2013-0051.
[2] O. S. Agyemang and M. Castellini, "The Guidelines of Corporate Governance of Ghana: Issues, Deficiencies and Suggestions," Int. Bus. Res., vol. 6, no. 10, 2013, doi: 10.5539/ibr.v6n10p163.
[3] O. S. Agyemang, E. Aboagye, and O. Y. A. Ahali, "Prospects and Challenges of Corporate Governance in Ghana," Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1–9, 2013.
[4] D. Y. Domelevo, "Report of the Auditor-General on the Management and Utilisation of District Assemblies‟ Common Fund and Other Statutory Funds for the Year Ended 31 December 2017," 2018.
[5] unicef and CDD-Ghana, "Ghana ‟ s District League Table 2014," 2014.