IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2022

Abstract: Violent conflicts remain a threat to livelihoods internationally. Hence, scholars, policy makers and stakeholders are faced with the grave challenge of food security. For about a decade, Nigeria has witnessed great intensity of banditry, especially in the Northwest of the country. The resultant effect of banditry in the region has adversely affected food security- food production, citizens' well-being and, local economy. Citizens have been denied access to farmlands and sources of livelihood through displacement. BirninGwari LGA in Kaduna State, Nigeria is a hotbed of banditry and has been ravaged by bandits. This has affected sources of livelihood as farming, livestock production, mining........

KEY TERMS: Violent conflict, Food security, Nigeria, Kaduna, BirninGwari

[1] Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude. (2014). "Children of War." Journal of Human Resources 49 (3): 634– 62. doi:10.3368/jhr.49.3.634.
[2] Alabelewe, A. (2021) Living Dangerously with Bandits in Kaduna. Retrieved from: https://thenationonlineng.net/living-dangerously-with-bandits-in-kaduna/ Accessed 2 April 2022
[3] Arias, A., Ibañez, A. and Zambrano A. (2012). "Agricultural Production Amid Conflict: The Effects of Shocks, Uncertainty, and Governance of Non-State Armed Actors." Centro de EstudiosSobreDesarrolloEconómico Paper. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
[4] Daphne, E.C. (2022) In Nigeria, Terrorism Has Become A Major Threat To Food Security. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/daphneewingchow/2022/02/28/in-nigeria-banditry-has-become-a-major-threat-to-food-security/?sh=66c94ec961c3. Accessed on 2 April 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this qualitative study is to evaluate teachers' current perceptions on English classroom assessment in secondary schools in Bangladesh. Five semi-structured interviews with five English teachers from two separate secondary schools were conducted to examine the teachers' relevant understandings and experiences. These findings revealed that the classification of English classroom assessment method in Bangladesh's secondary schools do not portray a coordinated growth of all of the learners' language skills, and that there are contradictions between the original goals of teaching English as well as the real teaching methods in Bangladesh's secondary schools........

Keywords: Assessment, Teacher, Learners, English classroom, Secondary school, Bangladesh

[1]. Ahsan, S. (2009). Classroom Assessment Culture in Secondary Schools of Dhaka City. Teacher's World (Journal of Education and Research), 33-34, 231- 244
[2]. Ali, M. M., Hamid, M. O., & Hardy, I. (2018). Ritualisation of testing: Problematising high-stakes English-language testing in Bangladesh. Compare, 00(00), 1–21
[3]. Al Amin, M., & Greenwood, J. (2018a). The examination system in Bangladesh and its impact: On curriculum, students, teachers, and society. Language Testing in Asia, 8(1), 1–8
[4]. Al Amin, M., & Greenwood, J. (2018b). The UN sustainable development goals and teacher development for effective English teaching in Bangladesh: A gap that needs bridging. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 20(2), 118–138
[5]. Begum, M., &Farooqui, S. (2008). School Based Assessment: Will it Really Change the Education Scenario in Bangladesh? International Education Studies, 1(2)

Abstract: Background: With the rise and rapid popularity of machine translation, the job prospects of translation students as translators have come under great attack. The ability of translators is not only related to their systematic knowledge reserves such as professional knowledge, translation theory, bilingual cultural knowledge, etc., but also affected by irrational factors including translation motivation, emotion, and persistence. As the main force in the future translation industry, students majored in translation need to do extensive translation practice during the school. However, few researches have focused on the influence of irrational factors on the Chinese-English translation process. Materials and Methods.....

Keywords: Translation majors; Chinese-English translation practice;Irrational factors

[1]. Jie T.Translation standards, process and translator quality[J]. Journal of Hulan Teachers College, 2002,18(4):68-70.
[2]. Furong ZS. On the cultivation of Chinese translators' quality[J]. Modern Women, 2013,6.
[3]. Yue T. A study on translator quality based on CATTI translation examination[J]. Campus English, 2020.
[4]. Mei HX. An analysis of translator's psychological factors in literary translation[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Higher Education), 2009,3.
[5]. Shangarffam N, Abolsaba A. The relationship between emotional intelligence and the quality of translation[J]. Iranian Journal of Tefll, 2009,1(2):103-114.

Abstract: Women are the architects of human society as well as the best partner of men in building human civilization. But unfortunately, they were severely harassed and deprived in the society of darkness before prophecy of Muhammad (PBUH). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had uplifted their position in the then society and established them as respectable member of the society as a daughter, as a sister, as a wife as well as a mother. Islam, the unique divine religion has made the learning and worshiping mandatory upon them without any discrimination between man and woman. For example, five-time prayers are mandatory for men and women with few exceptionse. g. ,menstrual.......

Keywords: Woman, Masque, Congregation, Five -time prayers, Jumu‟h Prayer, "Eid prayer (Festival prayer), Tarawih prayer, Optional prayers (Nafal prayers) preventive, warding off evils

[1]. Al-Quran Al-Karim.
[2]. Al-Jamal, Sulaiman Bin "Umar Bin Mansur, Futuhatul Wahhab Bi-Tadhihi Sharhi Manhajit- Tullab, Darul-Fikr.
[3]. Ibni Hazam, Al-Muhalla Bil Ather.
[4]. Al-Buhuti, Mansur Bin Yunus AL-Hanmbali, Kashshaf al-Qanna‟ DarulKutub al-"Ilmiyah.
[5]. At- Tayalisi, Abu Dawud Sulaiman Bin Dawud, Musnadu Abi Dawud At-Tayalisi, DaruHijr, Egypt,1st Edition: 1999 A.D.

Abstract: CPRs are important not only in the lives of the rural poor but also in general rural development. CPRs not only provide money and jobs to rural impoverished people, but also provide as a safety net during agricultural disasters. Common land resources are the main source of rural poverty. Rural populations, especially the poor, rely largely on common property land resources for their existence. In addition to village pastures, the fact that so many people rely on CPRs for physical and intangible services raises concerns about its long-term viability. Second, biotic pressures such as population, livestock, and human-caused problems have all had an impact on the carrying capacity and sustainability of natural resources. Industrialisation and resource nationalisation have also harmed natural resources......

Keywords: Common property resources, Livelihood development, Natural resources, Livestock, Rural poverty

[1]. Adhikari, B. (2004) Social Inequality and Collective Action: An Empirical Study of Forest Commons. IFRI Working Paper W08I-5.
[2]. Agarwal, B. (1994) A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Alesina, A., Nunn, N., and Giuliano, P. (2013) On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(2): 469-530.
[4]. Arnold, J. E. M. (1993) Management of Forest Resources as Common Property. Commonwealth Forestry Review. 72(3).
[5]. Beck, T. (1994) Common Property Resource Access by Poor and Class Conflict in West Bengal, Economic and Political Weekly, 29 (4): 187-197.

Abstract: Little is known about the push-pull factors that influenced choice of many African scholars to China as a study destination in the Belt and Road era. The present study employed quantitative research methodology to investigate how push-pull factors act as stimulus to influence the decision-making process of 364 Kenyan students in China. The findings revealed significant association (P-value < 0.05) between push factors such as quality of education, education reputation, smooth student visa process, recognition of previous credentials, availability of scholarship, the level of technology and easy to obtain information about China (P-value<0.05, χ2-value of 3.61-16.32) and respondents......

Keywords: Highereducation; quality education; preference for china; pull-factors; push-factors

[1]. Altbach, P. G. (2004). Higher education crosses borders: Can the United States remain the top destination for foreign students? Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 36(2), 18–25.
[2]. Altbach, P. G., and Knight, J., (2007). The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11, 290-305.
[3]. Anshan L. (2018). African Students in China: Research, Reality, and Reflection. African Studies Quarterly. Vol17. http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v17/v17i4a2.pdf
[4]. Belyavina, R. (2013). US students in China: Meeting the goals of the 100,000 strong initiative. Institute of International Education.
[5]. Cheng A., Wang Q. (2012) English Language Teaching in Higher Education in China: A Historical and Social Overview. In: Ruan J., Leung C. (eds) Perspectives on Teaching and Learning English Literacy in China. Multilingual Education, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4994-8_2