iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: There has been a steep rise in the production of Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) in India due to ever increasing demand of concrete from the infrastructure as well as the real estate sector. It has become a great challenge for the RMC manufacturers to supply consistent level of quality of concrete to the customers. In this study, the quality performance of an RMC plant at Mumbai, India, using the Six Sigma philosophy has been evaluated by using various quality tools. The existing sigma level of the process has been found to be 1.23, which is very less than the manufacturing industry and RMC production process has been found neither stable nor capable. Some recommendations for process improvement and conclusions based on the observations of the present study are also presented at the end.

Keywords: DMAIC, DFSS, RMC, Six Sigma.

[1]. Kessler, Rafael, Motta; and Padula, Antonio, Domingo, The implementation of six sigma in Manufacturing Organizations: Motivations and Results Achieved, Brazilian Journal for Business and Management, 4 (2), 2005, 11-20.
[2]. Dale H. Besterfield, Quality Control (India, Prentice-Hall, 2012).
[3]. Pheng L.S and Hui M.S, Implementing and Applying Six Sigma in Construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 30 (4), 2004, 482-489.
[4]. Stevenson, William J., Operation Management (New York, USA, McGraw-Hill Irwin companies Inc., 2005)
[5]. Ali Amer M. Hasan Karakhan & Dr. Angham E. Ali Alsaffar, Quality Evaluation of Al-Rasheed Ready Concrete Mixture Plant By
[6]. Using Six Sigma Approach, Journal of Engineering, 18 (9), 2012, 1014-1028.

Abstract: In all Civil Engineering Structures, preparation of foundations for construction of structures assumes a lot of significance from the point of view of strength and stability. Due attention is required to be paid to this aspect. Ground Improvement techniques and Ground replacement are adopted for improving the strength characteristics. It is quite possible that a combination of these methods may also be used. Also rapid urban and industrial growth demands more land for further development. In order to meet this demand, land reclamation and utilization of unsuitable and environmentally affected lands by adopting one or more ground improvement techniques. The Boussinesq method uses elastic theory to calculate stress distribution in an elastic half space due to a point load. By integrating point loads over a specified area, the stress distribution in an elastic half space can be obtained under foundations and footings of different shapes. The main disadvantage of the Boussinesq method is that it assumes a homogeneous material. But, in general, the soil is stratified. For soil layers with high stiffness contrast, the Boussinesq solution can produce large errors in stress. The Westergaard equation (1938) are thought to provide better results for layered media, however the solution essentially smear out the effect of the different layers so that large errors will still occur for a finite number of layers with high stiffness contrast. The cardinal aim of the present work is to understand the effect of replacement of soil by more competent granular fill consisting of combination of 6mm metal and sand in different proportions. Accordingly, the investigation considers the granular material in different combinations of sand. The granular material is used in conjunction with four different types of soils in order to bring out relative effects on stress distribution. Keywords: Elastic moduli, granular fill, ground improvement, layered soil, soil-structure interaction, stiffness

[1]. Burmister, D.M., The Theory of Stresses and Displacements In Layer Systems and Applications to Design of Airport Runways, Proc. Highway Res. Board, vol, 23, p. 126, 1943.
[2]. Fox, L., Computation of Traffic Stresses in a Simple Road Structure, Pro., 2nd Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., vol. 3, pp. 77-84, 1948.
[3]. Burmister, D.M.," Evaluation of Pavement Systems of the WASHO Road Testing Layered System methods," Highway Research Board, Bulletin 177, 1958.
[4]. Jones, A., " Tables of Stresses in Three - Layer Elastic System," Highway Research Board, Bulletin 342, pp, 176- 214, 1962
[5]. Peattie, K. R., "Stresses and Strain Factors for Three – Layer Systems ," Highway Research Board, Bulletin 342, pp. 215 – 253, 1962.
[6]. James F.Hazzard, Thamer E.Yacoub, S.Vijayakumar and John H. Curran, "Stresses Under Footings in Multilayered Soils : A Comparative Study" – Ottawa-2007.

Abstract: It is really a very hard time, when all of us asking for sustainable development in every sector of our daily life. But to ensure the sustainable development we all have to be concentrate on some renewable sources of energy. In present circumstances, to fulfil our mission, we have to innovative as well as creative. In modern era, Construction of Building, Housing complex, and other high rising is a common story of any metropolitan city in the world. Our study is mainly focuses on the effective and efficient use of some waste material mainly in manufacturing "BRICKS", which is a one of the most fundamental materialfor building construction. In the study, we are trying to emphasize on some rarely used waste materialfor making "Eco-friendly Bricks" and it's significant impact on the environment as well as on civil engineering segment also.We believe that huge pollution growth can only be reduced by reusing and recycling the waste in an efficient and effective manner, and we need to arise our curiosity on it's positive impact so that we can able to shift our self from traditional approach to innovative and creative one.

Keywords: Geo-Polymer, Fly Ash, Green Leaf, Sustainability.

[1]. Ash Utilisation Department of NTPC. A-11 NFL Premises, 1stFloor , F-Wing, Sector-24 Noida.
[2]. Abstract in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering.
[3]. Abstract in Construction and Building materials.
[4]. www.buildinggreen.com.
[5]. Ashish Kumar Parashar*, RinkuParashar "Comparative Study of Compressive Strength of Bricks Made WithVarious Materials to Clay Bricks" International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 201.
[6]. JayeshPitroda , Rajiv Bhatt, Indrajit Patel , Dr. F. S. Umrigar " Techno economical study of FAL-G bricks"a case study in National Conference on "FLY ASH/FUTURISTIC MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" held at the BVM Engineering College. V.V.Nagar Gujarat on 12th August 2010.

Abstract: Multistoried structures which do not follow the requirements of seismic design may be affected by either damage or collapse due to severe ground motion which results in great loss of property and life. The purpose of this paper is to assess the damage and to evaluate the performance of the structures which are already designed and analyzed using linear static analysis for seismic loads as per the Indian codes IS-456, IS-1893 and IS-13920. It is proposed to study the performance of the structure before and after the linear state using pushover analysis which is a series of incremental static analysis. It is carried out on the 12-storied building model which was designed and analyzed for the earthquake analysis using STAAD for two seismic load cases (Zone-3 and Zone-5) considering both are Special Moment Resisting Frames. Pushover analysis is propounded to perform by SAP to get the extent of damage experienced by the structure at target displacement by the sequence of yielding of components, plastic hinge formation and failure of various structural components. Finally both the frames which were analyzed by linear static analysis for earthquake loading performed well and the damage is within the limits. Initially, yielding of the beams taken place then yielding of columns. This damage assessment shows that the both frames behave as ductile frames, even when subjected to seismic loading.

Keywords: linear static analysis; Non-linear analysis; pushover analysis; Target displacement ; plastic hinge; ductile frame.

[1]. IS 1893 (part-1): 2002. Indian Standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
[2]. Method of Analysis. Midas Gen – One stop solution for building and general structure, page no 7.
[3]. FEMA 356-Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.
[4]. ATC 40-Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings.

Abstract: The irrepressible human curiosity and the unquenchable thirst for knowledge are the fundamental basis for scientific development. A major part of innovation in scientific and techonological development has been directed towards generation or elevation of human comforts thereby increasing the standard of living in the society consequent to improvements disturbing side effects such as environmental pollution deforestations, urbanisation, loss of arable land, evolution of new organism to control etc. have emerged these effects are considerd as potential threats to wnvironment and to human. There has been great stress on natural resources. Acceleration in industrilisation have resulted in deterioration of environment to the extent that is a no longer possible to maintend desired quality of water and air for proper sustenance of life. Even ecological balance has been threatened this has necessiated urgent steps for environmental management and eco-restoration. So that not only forther deterioration is arrested but also to improve water and air quality to provide proper living conditions to th man kind. This is possible only when environmental management is integrated with development activities to provide sustainable development. A more fruitful integrative paradigm of sustancentrism is then articulated and implication for organisational goal. Tosupport ecologicaly and socially sustanable developmant.

Keywords: Environmental management, Sustanable development

[1]. Dr. S.S. dara and Dr. D.D. Mishra - Environmental chemestry and pollution control, S Chand Company Ltd. New Delhi 2011.
[2]. G.N. Pandey and G.C. Carney - Environmental Engineering, Tata Mc Graw - Hill Publishing co. Ltd. New Delhi 1989.
[3]. A.K.De - Environmental chemestry - Wiley Eastern Limited New Delhi 1989.
[4]. J. Glynn and gary W. Heinke- Environmental Science and Engineering - Prentice Hall N.J. 1989.
[5]. S.E. Manahan - Environmental chemestry - Willard Grant Press Boston 1983.
[6]. Gilbert Masler - Introduction to Envirnmental Science and technology- Willey 1978.

Abstract: The present paper work dealt with the investigation on the behavior of cold form steel built up I - section with triangular web corrugation at varying depth. The effect of web corrugation and hw/tw ratio on the flexural strength of cold formed steel (CFS) lipped I section was presented in this paper. The length of the specimen was kept constant for 2000 mm and hw/tw ratio was varied from 166 to 250 keeping all other parameters as constant. In total three specimen were experimentally tested under two point loading with triangular web corrugation by considering simply support condition. The experimental results are verified with finite element analysis using ANSYS software. The results obtained from test experiments and ANSYS software were compared with the predicted Indian Specifications (IS 801- 1975). The experimental result shows that the flexural capacity of the triangular web was larger than flat web. Also the effect of hw/tw ratio on the flexural strength capacity was studied and discussed. Due to the provision of triangular web corrugation, there was no failure in shear zone or in web portion. Keywords: Cold form steel, Triangular web, ANSYS, Flexural strength, Shear zone

[1] Papia Sultana "Predictions of Flexural Behaviour of Built- Up Cold-Formed Steel Sections" thesis presented to the University of Waterloo, Canada, 2007.Abbas HH, Sause R, Driver RG. "Analysis of flange transverse bending of corrugated web I-girders under in-plane loads". J Struct Eng, ASCE 2007; 133 (3): 347_55.
[2] Jiho Moon, Jong-WonYi, ByungH.Choi, Hak-EunLee "Lateral– torsional buckling of I-girder with corrugated webs under uniform bending" Thin-Walled Structures 47 (2009) 21– 30.
Code books:
[3] IS 1608:2005 (Part –I) Metallic metals- tensile testing at ambient temperature.
[4] IS: 801 – 1975,"Code of practice for use of cold-formed light gauge steel structural member in general building construction.

Abstract: This paper reports an investigation on Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. The percent replacement levels by weight were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% in 1:2:4 concrete mix with 0.65 water - cement ratio. The chemical constituents of the GCHA were SiO2 (78.19%), Al2O3 (1.36%), Fe2O3 (0.84%), CaO (3.34%), MgO (3.76%), K2O (7.67%), P2 O5 (2.95%) and Na2O, TiO2, SrO, Cl, MnO, S03 in trace quantities. Since SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 have a combined constituent percent in excess of 70% (i.e. 80.39%), GCHA meets the requirement of a pozzolana in accordance the relevant standards. The GCHA concrete gave compressive strength in the range of 9.5 N/mm2 for 25% ash and 26.3 N/mm2 for 5% ash at 28 days curing period. The 5% value was higher than that of plain concrete which was 25.5N/mm2. The trend shows that 10% GCHA should not be exceeded for a competitive value for compressive strength. The density of GCHA-cement concrete slightly reduced with increase of GCHA, for example it reduced by 2.27% for 25% ash at 28days curing. However it slightly increased at 5% replacement level again. Further work on the Water Absorption Capacity, permeability and durability parameters of GCHA-cement concrete is recommended.

Keywords: Cement, Guinea Corn Husk Ash, Pozzolana, Compressive strength

[1]. J. Andrews, Jonathan Boosts Housing with N50bn Mortgage Refinance Company (Lagos: Thisday Newspaper, 22nd July, 2014)
[2]. America Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C618-92a). Chemical and Physical Specifications (1994)
[3]. American Society for Testing Materials, C618: Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolana for use as Mineral/Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete. 1981.
[4]. F. M. Lea, The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete (London: Edward Arnolds, 1970).
[5]. S. Nagataki, Mineral Admixtures in Concrete: State of the Art and Trends (Special Publication Materials Journal 144, 1994).
[6]. A. E. Abalaka and O. G. Okoli, Strength Development and Durability Properties of Concrete Containing Pre-Soaked Rice Husk Ash. Construction Science,14, 2013, 4
[7]. M. H. Rashid, M. K. Ali and T. U. Ahmed, Mortar Incorporating Rice Husk Ash: Strength and Porosity, European Journal of Scientific Research, 40(3), 2010, 471

Abstract: In the context of the advanced technology engineers and scientists have visualized and conceptualized many designs and success of their designs and concepts is the materialization of their designs. In short it can be said that production and manufacturing units consummate the design process. Thus the industry which gives shape to a theoretical design is a very potential and influential element in the technological development. The main objective of using jigs and fixtures in an industry is to achieve the Interchangeable Part Concept, and these are mainly used where production of goods is on large scale. The basic elements in the design of indexing type of drill jig is the component model, location, orientation and clamping. The scope of this paper is to design an indexing type of drill jig for a component having angular holes at 25 deg such the design is validated and verified. The present paper entitled "Design and Analysis of Indexing type of Drill Jig" is the work done for the design and analysis of Jig. Jigs are mainly used for mass production and for interchangeable parts concept, for a long period in the manufacturing of Jigs. Modeling is done using SOLIDWORKS Software and Analysis by using ANSYS Keywords: Design, Interchangeable Part Concept, Jigs, Mass Production

[1]. P H Joshi, "Jigs and fixtures" Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010
[2]. Edward Hoffman "Technology & Engineering" Cengage Learning, 21-Aug-2003
[3]. Cyril Donaldson, V. C. Goold Machine-tools -Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1976

Abstract: The aim of this paper to evaluate the performance of high strength concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials. Now a day concrete had demanding requirements both in terms technical performance and economy. The main aim of the investigation program is first to prepare the Strength of concrete of grade M80 with locally available ingredients by using two different methods to produce high strength concrete, method one is statistical approach which was described in ACI211.4, and method two is statistical approach by using statistical software program, namely, JMP statistical software program. In these models, each response (resultant concrete property) such as strength, slump, is expressed as an algebraic function of factors. The concrete specimens were tested at different age levels, 7-days and 28-days for mechanical properties, namely, cube compressive strength, fresh properties, in terms of slump test.This paper presents a part of an ongoing experimental laboratory investigations being carried out for production and characterization of high strength concrete for heightening of an existing concrete dam in the south of Sudan. Brief description of the main features of the dam and concrete works are presented. Hundreds of specimens were performed and tested using local Sudanese aggregates with addition of supplementary cementitious materials (Silica Fume and Fly Ash) and Super plasticizers. Various percentages of silica fume and fly ash were added at different water/cementitious materials (w/cm) ratios. Thirty three trial mix designs of grade (80 MPa) high strength concrete had been successfully produced and their mechanical properties were measured and documented. The results has offered an important insight for optimizing the fresh and hardened characteristics of high strength concrete and permitted to develop guidelines for optimum mix design methods for high strength concrete from locally available aggregates in Sudan. It is concluded that local concrete materials, in combination with supplementary cementitious materials can be utilized in producing high strength concrete in Sudan.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Fly ash, High strength concrete, Silica fume, Statistical model.

[1]. John Newman and Ban Seng Choo, Advanced Concrete Technology Processes (Elsevier Ltd, First published, 2003).
[2]. American Concrete Institute, State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete, ACI 363. 1997.
[3]. Silica Fume Association, Technical Report-Silica Fume User‟s Manual, USA, 2005.
[4]. American Concrete Institute, Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete Using Portland Cement and Other Cementitious Materials, ACI 211.4R-08. 2008.
[5]. JMP, A Business Unit of SAS Institute Inc, Design of Experiments Guide, USA, 2012

Abstract: Urbanization has significantly increased in recent decades, leading to a concurrent rise in waste production. Managing waste has become a critical issue, and the improper maintenance of dustbins contributes to environmental and health problems. Overflowing dustbins attract disease-spreading insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and bees, and the pollution they cause can produce bacteria and viruses, potentially leading to life-threatening endemic diseases.......

[1]. Prof. R.M.Sahu, Akshay Godse, Pramod Shinde, Reshma Shinde "Garbage and StreetLightMonitoringSystemusingInternetofThings",Internationaljournalofinnovativeresearchin electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering, Volume 4, Issue 4, April2016.
[2]. Insung Hong, Sunghoi Park, Beomseok Lee, Jaekeun Lee, Daebeom Jeong, and SehyunPark, "IoT-Based Smart Garbage System for Efficient Food Waste Management", HindawiPublishingCorporation ScientificWorld JournalVolume 2014.
[3]. Yılmaz Guven, Ercan Cosgun, SıtkKocaoglu Harun Gezici, Eray Yilmazlar, ResearchInventy" Understanding the Concept of Micro-controller Based System to Choose the BestHardware for Applications" ,International Journal of Engineering And Science Vol.6, Issue 9(September2017), PP-38-44.
[4]. Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta, " Smart Bin Implementation for SmartCities" , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 9,September-2015,ISSN 2229-5518.
[5]. Adil Bashir, Shoaib Amin Banday, "Concept Design and Implementation of AutomaticWasteManagementSystem",InternationalJournalonRecentandInnovationTrendsinComputingand Communication Volume: 1 Issue: 7