iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: Grid computing is an environment where sharing of geographically distributed resources helps in performing the computation that cannot be achieved due to limitation like not having the proper amount of storage or the computation power required by a system to execute the job. One of the important point for grid computing devices are there low power usages and no central control point which enables users to access the small devices irrespective of their geographical position with different management policies. Security is the most important concern in Grid computing environment. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the working of gird environment and what are the necessary points need to take by an organization in terms of security design for grid computing. Keywords: Grid computing, grid components, resource management, scheduler and security

[1] Foster, Ian, and Carl Kesselman, eds, The grid 2: blueprint for a new computing infrastructure, Elsevier, 2003.
[2] Parashar, Manish, and Craig A. Lee, Grid computing: introduction and overview, Proc. of the IEEE, special issue on grid computing 93.3, 2005, 479-484.
[3] Wu, R. X., Chien, A., Hiltunen, M. A., Schlichting, R. D., & Sen, S, A high performance configurable transport protocol for grid computing, Proc. of 5th IEEE International Symposium of Cluster Computing and the grid, Vol.2, 2005, 1117-1125.
[4] Buyya, Rajkumar, and Srikumar Venugopal, A gentle introduction to grid computing and technologies, database 2, 2005: R3.
[5] Baker, Mark, Rajkumar Buyya, and Domenico Laforenza, Grids and grid technologies for wide‐area distributed computing, Software: Practice and Experience 32.15, 2002, pp. 1437-1466.
[6] Kettimuthu, R, Allcock, W, Liming, L, Navarro, J.-P, Foster, I., Gridcopy: moving data fast on the grid, IEEE International parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2007. doi:10.1109/IPDPS.2007, 1 – 6.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of welds in martensitic stainless steels are critically dependent upon the microstructure developed in the weld metal and heat affected zone. Hence it is essential to understand the transformations that take place during the welding cycle. The purpose of the present paper is to present an overview of the phase transformations which take place in the weld metal or heat affected zones of martensitic stainless steels and their influence on mechanical properties of the welds.

Keywords: Martensitic stainless steel; mechanical properties, delta ferrite; retained austenite

[1]. Castro, R and J.J.de.Cadenet: 'Welding Metallurgy of Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels', Cambridge University Press, 1974
[2]. Lippold, J. C.: 'Transformation and Tempering Behavior Of 12Cr-1Mo- 0.3V Martensitic Stainless Steel Weldments', J. Nucl. Mater., 1981, vol 103 and 104, P 1127-1132
[3]. Lippold, John C. and Damian J.Kotecki: 'Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, A John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Publication, 2005
[4]. Lippold, J.C.: 'The effect of post weld heat treatment on the Microstructure and properties of the heat-affected zone in 12Cr-1Mo-0.3V (ht9) weldments', proc. Topical conference on ferritic alloys for use in nuclear energy technologies, TMS, 1984, p 497-506
[5]. Fenn, R and Jordan, M. F.: 'Microstructure of weld heat-affected zone in 12Cr- 1Mo steel', Met. Technol., 1982, Vol 9 (No. 8), P 327-337
[6]. Villafuerte, J. C. and Kerr, H. W.: 'Phase transformations in stainless steel weld metal and HAZ', Engg. Materials, 1992, vols. 69 & 70, p 29-148

Abstract: Today we face the problem of dwindling fuel resources for vehicles. There is no doubt that the emission of carbon-dioxide from an automobile exhaust is also a pressing concern for the increasing rate of global warming. One of the optimistic solutions for such problems is the hybridization of the vehicle. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE is a combination of a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric propulsion system. It implies that HEV can be driven on I.C. engine as well as on electric power. HEV produces less emissions compared to a similar-sized gasoline car as the gasoline engine of the HEV can be geared to run at maximum efficiency. The significance of electric power train is that it runs with lesser power loss, hence improving the overall fuel economy. Encouraging hybridization of vehicles can reduce of CO2 emission and thus the fuel costs. At present, hybrid electric vehicles are widely available in commercial vehicles, military vehicles and passenger cars.

Keywords: Chain wheel, Freewheel, Reverse one-way clutch, Sprocket.

[1]. Satti Swami Reddy, Kola Siva Tharun, Eco Friendly Vehicle, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 4(4), April 2013, 957-960.

[2]. Trajkovic, S., Tunestal, P., and Johansson, B., "Vehicle Driving Cycle Simulation of a Pneumatic Hybrid Bus Based on Experimental Engine Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0825, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-0825.

Abstract: Due to the inherent risks and increasing complexity of modern infrastructure construction projects, delays and cost overruns have become common facts in the construction industry. Delays can lead to many negative effects such as lawsuits between owners and contractors, increased costs, loss of productivity and revenue, and contract termination. This paper articulates to study about the delay causes and factors that contribute to the construction sequence delay for the road infrastructure projects and how one can predict the future completion date for the delayed project using earned value management. In this context, a literature review conducted thoroughly to know about the causes and factors contributing to delays.From the intricate analysis of the reviewed literatures, it showed that questionnaire survey is the best and reliable methodology to gather the data about the causes and quantification of delay factors. The gathered data are analyzed through Relative Importance Index (RII) and the delay causes are ranked as per their significance. To validate the findings of questionnaire survey, a case study on road construction was considered and analyzed based on earned value management (EVM).

Keywords: Delay Causes and factors, Earned Value Management (EVM), Literature Review, Questionnaire Survey, Relative Importance Index (RII).

[1]. AgataCzarnigowska, Earned value method as a tool for project control, Budownictwo i Architekutra, 3, 2008, 15-32.
[2]. N. Hamzah, M.A. Khoiry, I. Arshad, N.M. Tawil and A.I. Che Ani, Cause of construction delay – Theoretical framework, Procedia Engineering, 20, 2011, 490-495.
[3]. RemonFayak Aziz, Ranking of delay factors in construction projects after Egyptian revolution, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 52, 2013, 387-406.
[4]. EnasFathi Taher and R.K. Pandey, Study of delay in project planning and design stages of civil engineering projects, international Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 2(3), 2013, 456-461.
[5]. S.K. Patil, A.K. Gupta, D.B. Desai, A.S. Sajane, Causes of delay in Indian transportation infrastructure projects, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET), 2(11), 2013, 71-80.
[6]. K.L. Ravisankar, Dr. S. Anand Kumar, V. Krishnamoorthy, Study on the quantification of delay factors in construction industry, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (IJETAE), 4(1), 2014, 105-113.
[7]. AshwinArunSalunkhe and Rahul S. Patil, Identification of critical construction delay factors, International Journal of Latest Trends in Enginnering and Technology (IJLTET), 3(4), 2014, 256-261.

Abstract: Many new technologies are emerging and developing in automobile sector and moreover it has proven its importance in human life time to time. For the human comfort air conditioning is provided in vehicle. In automobile air conditioning normally vapour compression refrigeration cycle is used. The cycle run on engine power and consumes around 10% of the total power produced by the engine and thereby increases the fuel consumption. To avoid this fuel consumption, the same air conditioning effect can be achieved by using vapour adsorption system without using engine power. The work presented in this paper gives the overall idea about design, development & implementation of water cooling system by using exhaust of the engine with same condenser & evaporator unit. The exhaust is feed to adsorber bed which is filled with carbon activated charcoal & R134a as a refrigerant. This refrigerant get evaporated and passed through the stainless steel coil which acts as an evaporator. The normal temperature water is passed through this evaporator coil. For primary stage this concept is implemented on two wheeler engine.

[1]. H. Tiwari and Dr. G.V. Parishwad, 2012,‖ Adsorption Refrigeration for Cooling Cabin of Trucks‖ in ―International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering‖. (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012).
[2]. R. K. Singh and T. Mahala,2014, ―Theoretical Analysis of Modified Refrigeration Cycle of a Single Effect Lithium Bromide-Water Vapour Absorption System Using Exhaust Gases of IC Engine‖ in ―International Journal of Applied Engineering Research‖ ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 9, Number 6 (2014) pp. 655-662.
[3]. SohailBux and A.C. Tiwari,2014, ―Eco Friendly Automobile Air-Conditioning Utilization Exhaust Gas Waste Heat Of Internal Combustion Engine‖ in ―International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering And Technology (IJMET) ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014).
[4]. V. Baiju& C.Muraleedharan,2014 ―Experimental Analysis on Adsorption Characteristics of Methanol and R134A by Activated Carbon in Adsorption Refrigeration System‖ in ―Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications‖, transaction by ASME.
[5]. Liuli SUN et.al, 2013, ―Investigation of An Ammonia−Water Based Power/Cooling Cogeneration System Using Sensible Waste Heat‖ in Proceedings of the ASME 2013 ―International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013)‖ November 15-21, 2013, San Diego, California, USA.

Abstract: Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has been increased interest in the study of alternative energy sources.. To meet increasing energy requirements, there have been growing interests in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels are offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have been similar properties. One of the economical sources for biodiesel production which doubles in the reduction of liquid waste and the subsequent burden of sewage treatment is waste cooking oil (WCO). However, the products formed during frying process have affected the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. These experiments about the performance analysis of C.I. engine using diesel and waste cooking oil blend.

Keywords: Diesel fuel, Waste Cooking Oil, Blended fuel, Engine performance

[1]. Sayin, C., & Gumus, M. (2011). Impact of compression ratio and injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-blended diesel fuel. Applied thermal engineering, 31(16), 3182-3188.

[2]. Hazar, H., & Aydin, H. (2010). Performance and emission evaluation of a CI engine fueled with preheated raw rapeseed oil (RRO)–diesel blends. Applied Energy, 87(3), 786-790.

[3]. Enweremadu, C. C., & Rutto, H. L. (2010). Combustion, emission and engine performance characteristics of used cooking oil biodiesel—a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 2863-2873.

[4]. Ghobadian, B., Rahimi, H., Nikbakht, A. M., Najafi, G., & Yusaf, T. F. (2009). Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network. Renewable Energy, 34(4), 976-982.

[5]. Di, Y., Cheung, C. S., & Huang, Z. (2009). Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Science of the total environment, 407(2), 835-846.

Abstract: This research paper focuses on aspects of the building performance designed or retrofited by means of conventional or virtual Outriggers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the ductil characteristic of the structures, as a way of describing the post elastic phase and their performance during seismic events. Used methodology is the investigation of three buildings with different heights and four type of structural models through nonlinear analysis using finite elements method and their results interpretation in terms of internal forces, deformations, capacity and ductility. The way of result interpretation is done by comparing the behavior of each structure, thus draw strong and relevant conclusions and recommendations on the applicability of these structures. The study of the ductil behavior seems important in the design phase, as well as in the phase of study for restoration purposes of buildings in high seismic activity areas.

Keywords: Outriggers, Vierendel , Bracing, Ductility, Capacity curve, Performance point, Drift.

[1]. A.Chopra – Dynamic Of Structures ,Theory And Aplications To Earthquake Engineering, Third Edition ,1995
[2]. Bunghale S. Taranath - Structural Analysis And Design Of Tall Buildings, Mcgraw Hill, 1988
[3]. Bunghale S. Taranath - Reinforced Concrete Design Of Tall Buildings, Mcgraw Hill, 2000
[4]. Bunghale S. Taranath ,"Wind And Earthquake Resistant Building - Structural Analysis And Design" Mcgraw Hill, 2000
[5]. Gerasimidis S. , Efthymiou E, Baniotopoulos - Optimum Outrigger Location Of High-Rise Buildings For Wind Loading, Eacwe 5, 2009

Abstract: Acetal homopolymer is a crystalline plastic that gives an excellent balance of properties that fulfill the gap between metals and plastics. Due to their excellent properties, this paper deals to optimize machining parameters of Acetal homopolymer on lathe machine. During the experimentation, the use of tool material and process parameters such as cutting speed, feed rates and depth of cut, with cutting fluid are used to explore their effect on the surface roughness (Ra) of the work piece. This experimentation uses a standard orthogonal array for determining the optimum machining parameters with an applied noise factor. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to find the optimal levels and to analyze the effect of the turning parameters on surface roughness to perform the machining operation. MINITAB is used to find out (S/N) ratio and mean. It is also useful for response table for means and signal-to-noise ratio, main effect plot for mean and signal-to-noise ratio.

Keywords: Acetal homopolymer, ANOVA, machining, surface roughness, (S/N) ratio.

[1]. M. Nalbunt, H. Gokaya, G.Sur, "Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning; Materials and Design", 1379-1385, 28, 2007.
[2]. Erason Aslon a, Necip Camuscu a, Burak Birg ren, "Design optimization of cutting parameters when turning hardened AISI 4140 steel (63 HRC) with Al2O3+ TiCN mixed ceramic tool; Materials and Design", 1618-1622, 28, 2007.
[3]. R.W.Lanjewar, U.Datta, P.Saha, A.J. Banarjee, S.Jain and S.Sen; "Evaluation of machining parameters for turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel on auto sharpening machine", Journal of scientific and industrial research; Vol.67, PP 282-287, 2008.
[4]. Sandeep Salodkar,Alakesh Manna, "Optimization of machining conditions for effective turning of EO300 alloy steel", Journal of material processing technology, 147-153, 203, 2008.
[5]. J.A.Ghani, G.Akhyar, C.H. Che Haron, "Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of turning parameters for surface roughness", International journal of science engineering and Technology; Vol.1, No.3,60-66, 2008.

Abstract: The objective of the present paper is to check the usefulness of Recron 3S fibre in improving soil subgrade strength of local silty soil of Kurukshetra. For this purpose a series of experiments were conducted which include Modified Proctor Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. A total of four samples of soil - fibre mixture were made with fibre content as 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% of dry weight of soil. Other tests for index and physical properties like Atterberg limits, Specific gravity and sieve analysis of parent soil were also carried out. Experimental results revealed that addition of Recron 3S fibre increases the CBR and UCS value of the silty soil. From the results it is also observed that benefit is more appreciable at lower percentage of Recron 3S fibre i.e. 0.15% as compared to higher percentage.

Keywords: California Bearing Ratio, Kurukshetra Soil, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content, Recron 3S fibre.

[1]. Mahipal Singh Chauhan, Satyendra Mittal and Bijayananda Mohanty, Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre, Geotextiles and Geomembranes Elsevier,Vol. 26, 2008, pp. 429-435.
[2]. B.V.S Viswanadan, Model studies on geofiber-reinforced soil, IGC, 2009, Guntur, INDIA.
[3]. IS: 1498 (1970), Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Classification and Identification of Soil for General Engineering Purposes (Bureau of Indian Standards. 1970).
[4]. IS: 2720: (Part 5) (1970), Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Determination of Liquid Limit and plastic Limit of Soils (Bureau of Indian Standards. 1970).
[5]. IS: 2720: (Part III / Sect2) (1980), Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Determination of Specific Gravity – Fine, Medium, and Coarse – grained soils (Bureau of Indian Standards. 1980).
[6]. K. H Head, Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 1: Soil Classification and Compaction Test 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons, 1992).
[7]. Abhisek Swain and Somya ranjan Nayak, Geotechnical properties of fiber reinforced pond ash, B tech thesis report, Department of civil engineering, NIT, Rourkela, INDIA, 2012.

Abstract: Disposal of the waste and worn out tires has become a major issue in India in the past few years as it has very few uses, and if new tires are to be produced from waste rubber then it has to be melted and remolded. This process intern increases the pollution and releases toxic gases in the air, which are harmful to the environment as well as living creatures. Natural Coarse Aggregates are extracted from quarries and as a result these quarries will soon be depleted in few decades if the rate of their usage continues at this pace. As a result there was a need of a permanent solution to this perpetual problem. Keeping this in view the feasibility of use of waste tires as replacement for coarse aggregates for road construction has been experimentally assessed in this paper. Basic Mechanical and physical tests has been carried out .The experimental results by replacement of coarse aggregates up to 15% by waste tire have shown remarkable improvement in the physical properties of coarse aggregates.

Keywords: Aggregates, Durability, Road Construction, Replacement, Strength Testing, Waste Tires..

[1]. Divya International Pyrolysis and Recycling Plant, www.divyaint.com
[2]. Amjad A. Yasin, "Using Shredded tires as an Aggregate in Concrete", Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol.5,2012,no. 10, 473- 480.
[3]. Michelle Danko, Edgar Can, Jose A. Pena, "Use of recycled tires as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in the production of concrete".
[4]. Dr. S.K. Khanna, Dr. C.E.G. Justo, Dr. A. Veeraragavan, "Highway materials and pavement testing", Nem Chand & Bros., Roorkee 247 667, India, Revised Fifth Edition,2009.
[5]. Rubber recycling- Scrap tires news online, http://scraptirenews.com/area/crumb/standard.html
[6]. Kotresh K. M, Mesfin Gatahun Belachew, "Study on Waste Tire Rubber as Concrete Aggregates", International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol No.3 Issue No.4,pp : 433- 436.

Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for Jatropha biodiesel blended with diesel used in single cylinder diesel engine. Jatropha biodiesel is obtained from Jatropha oil by tranesterification process. Blending of Jatropha biodiesel with diesel in maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of parameters' i.e. load, blend proportion and compression ratio are taken as variable for optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of three parameters with three levels, taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that 50% blend ratio, compression ratio 16 and engine load 10kg are optimum parameter setting for highest mechanical efficiency. Engine performance is mostly influenced by engine load and is least influenced by blend ratio. Confirmation experiment was done using optimum combination showed that mechanical efficiency was found by experiment is closer to the predicated value.

Keywords: Blend ratio, Compression ratio, Mechanical efficiency, Taguchi, Jatropha.

[1]. http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/2013-in-review.html. Last retrieved on 3/29/2014.
[2]. Huang, Daming, Haining Zhou, and Lin Lin. "Biodiesel: an alternative to conventional fuel." Energy Procedia 16 (2012): 1874-1885.
[3]. Ganapathy T., Murugesan K., Gakkhar R.P., "Performance optimization of Jatropha biodiesel engine model using Taguchi approach." Applied Energy 86 (2009) 2476–2486.
[4]. Pandian M, Sivapirakasam S.P, Udayakumar M, "Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology."Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2663–2676.
[5]. Sohan Lal, Comparative study of non edible bio diesel fuel, Master of Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India, 2013.
[6]. Abdullah Ali A Abuhabaya, Investigation of engine performance and exhaust gas emissions by using bio-diesel in compression ignition engine and optimisation of bio-diesel production from feedstock by using response surface methodology, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Huddersfield, England, 2012.

Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for Jatropha biodiesel blended with diesel used in single cylinder diesel engine. Jatropha biodiesel is obtained from Jatropha oil by tranesterification process. Blending of Jatropha biodiesel with diesel in maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of parameters' i.e. load, blend proportion and compression ratio are taken as variable for optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of three parameters with three levels, taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that 0% blend ratio, compression ratio 18 and engine load 10kg are optimum parameter setting for lowest bsfc. Engine performance is mostly influenced by engine load and is least influenced by blend ratio. Confirmation experiment was done using optimum combination showed that bsfc was found by experiment is closer to the predicated value.

Keywords: Blend ratio, Compression ratio, Brake specific fuel consumption, Taguchi, Jatropha.

[1]. http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/2013-in-review.html. Last retrieved on 3/29/2014.
[2]. Huang, Daming, Haining Zhou, and Lin Lin. "Biodiesel: an alternative to conventional fuel." Energy Procedia 16 (2012): 1874-1885.
[3]. Ganapathy T., Murugesan K., Gakkhar R.P., "Performance optimization of Jatropha biodiesel engine model using Taguchi approach." Applied Energy 86 (2009) 2476–2486.
[4]. Pandian M, Sivapirakasam S.P, Udayakumar M, "Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend using response surface methodology."Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2663–2676.
[5]. Sohan Lal, Comparative study of non edible bio diesel fuel, Master of Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India, 2013.

Abstract: In Sinter Plant, crushing of dolomite is carried out by crushing machine in which hammers are the main components. But these hammers are not giving expected life as they are breaking up at their neck portion and are wearing out fast. Though there are various factors affecting the failure we concentrate on two parameters which improve the life of the hammer considerably, they are forging and heat treatment processes. The main aim of our project is to improve the life of the bull head hammer by forging the head as well as shank portion. After forging heat treatment process is carried out. In this process the hammers are quenched in circulating water system. Keywords: Foundry, blooms, strength, bull head hammer.

[1]. Journal of roman studies/volume104/November2014,pp28-50
Books:
[2]. .Production Technology- A. K. Jain. K. C. JAIN, A. K. CHITALE PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 29-Mar-2010 - Technology & Engineering
[3]. Material Science and Metallurgy- Kodgire. Everest publishing House
[4]. Strength of materials - Ramamrutham. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (p) Ltd (2011)
[5]. Production Technology - O. P. Khanna. Dhanpat Rai Publications

Abstract: Welding is process of joining the two pieces with the help of heat or pressure. Welding process is widely used in railway, aerospace, shipping, engineering industry because of its suitability. There are various parameters like welding width, depth, welding speed, current, chemical composition of weldment and welding method that affects the welding quality. In the present work electric arc welding is used on 1030 steel taking welding voltage, welding current ,welding speed as input parameters and hardness, depth of penetration as output parameters .These input parameters are optimized using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance revealed that variations in input parameters are affecting the penetration and hardness of welding.

Key words: Voltage, Current, speed, Hardness, Depth of Penetration, SN ratios.

[1]. K.L. Moore, D.S. Naidu, R. Yender, J. Tyler, "Gas Metal Arc Welding Control: Part I- Modeling And Analysis" Theory, Methods & Applicarions, Vol. 30, No. 5. pp. 3101-3111, 1997, Proc. 2nd World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts.
[2]. Welding handbook welding processes-arc and gas welding and cutting, brazing and soldering, vol. 2, 7th ed. Miami, FL: American Welding Society; 1978. p. 114–6.
[3]. Han JM, Han YS," Welding technology and strength of GT membrane type LNG ships". J Korean Weld Soc 1993;11(4):7–15.
[4]. T.N. Nguyen, M.A. Wahab, The effect of weld geometry and residual stresses on the fatigue of welded joints under combined loading, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 77 (1998) 201–208.
[5]. X. Jia , J. Xua,, Z. Liua, S. Huanga, Y. Fana, Z. Sun, "A new method to estimate heat source parameters in gas metal arc welding simulation process" Fusion Engineering and Design 89 (2014) 40– 48.

Abstract: The main part for a vehicle suspension is the shock absorber, which is manufactured for reducing shock impulse. Shock absorber work on the principle of fluid displacement on compression and expansion cycle. They are used in motorcycles for providing better handling, prompt braking, safety and comfort by keeping the passengers isolated from road noise, bumps and vibration. The common type of the front suspension in motorcycle is Telescopic forks which are replaced by the Mono Shocks that gives a superior vehicle handling and provides safety while braking. Mono shock also allows the rider to fine tune the machine to give better control over the machine when riding. The springs in Mono Shock have been designed by taking considerations of many practical conditions like dynamic resistances, road tracks and aerodynamic properties..

[1]. Bhandari V B.Design of machine elements. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill; 1994.
[2]. Carlson H. Spring designer's handbook. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1978.
[3]. Shigley J. Mechanical engineering design. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1981.
[4]. John C. Dixon, The Shock Absorber Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007.
[5]. R.S. Sharp: Variable Geometry Active Rear Suspension for Motorcycles, Proceedings of AVEC 2000, Ann Arbor, 2000, 389-395

Abstract: Wear occurs to the hardest of materials, including diamond, wear studies having focused on surface damage in terms of material-removal mechanisms, including transfer film, plastic deformation, brittle fracture and tribochemistry Within most industry segments, significant financial losses may be incurred due to accelerated wear of various components. In order to minimize the effects of mechanical wear and extend product life, coating solutions introduced into production and is further developing them to meet even more demanding wear applications. Applying coatings is an established industrial method for resurfacing metal parts. Failure of mechanical components due to wear is the most common and unavoidable problem in mechanical processing industries. This paper explore various techniques of assessing the wear resistance of coated and uncoated materials. Test equipment for sliding wear, erosion, impact and dynamic wear tests is induced, Processes for measuring wear rates are highlighted and Procedure for measuring wear of a specimen is discussed.

Keywords: Industrial wear problems; Test equipment; Wear testing..

[1]. N. P. Petrov, Inzh. Zfc. St-Peterb. 4 (1883) 535–564.
[2]. J.M. Martin, Th. le Mogne, Interpretation of friction and wear of ceramics in terms of surface analysis, Surf. Coat. Tech. 49 (1991) 427–434.
[3]. R. Blickensderfer, J.H. Tylczak, Laborabory tests of spalling, breaking and abrasion of wear-resistant alloys used in mining and mineral processing, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation, 1985.
[4]. J.C. Knight, T.F. Page, Scratch induced subsurface deformation behaviour of thin ceramic coatings.
[5]. J.E. Kelley, J.J. Stiglich Jr., G.L. Sheldon, Methods of characterization of tribological properties of coatings, Surf. Mod. Tech.(1988) 169–187.
[6]. E. Bergmann, J. Vogel, R. Brink, R. Ballier, PVD titanium nitride coating systems to improve tool performance and reduce wear, Carbide and Tool Journal, pp. 12–17.

Abstract: Different methods and techniques are employed to protect the materials from degradation. Within most industry segments, significant financial losses may be incurred due to accelerated wear of various components. In order to minimize the effects of mechanical wear and extend product life, thermal spray coating solutions introduced into production and is further developing them to meet even more demanding wear applications. Applying coatings using thermal spray is an established industrial method for resurfacing metal parts. The process is characterized by simultaneously melting and transporting sprayed materials, usually metal or ceramics, onto parts. In this paper some studies on Thermal sprayed wear resistant coatings have been reviewed.

Keywords: thermal spraying, detonation gun, grey cast iron..

[1]. H Singh, M S Grewal, H S Sekhon, R G Rao,"Sliding wear performance of high-velocity oxy-fuel spray Al2O3/TiO2 and Cr2O3 coatings", 29 February 2008 published Vol. 222, Issue 4, pp. 601-610.
[2]. J.P.Singla, J.S. Grewal, Vikas Chawla,"A survey of the Detonation gun sprayed wear resistant coatings", Feb. 2010.
[3]. G. Barbezat, A. Nicoll, A. Sickinger,"Abrasion, erosion scuffing resistance", Published in 2001 pp5-6.
[4]. S.Y.Semenov, B.M. Cetegen,"Experiments and modeling of the deposition of nano-structured alumina–titania coatings by detonation waves", Mater. Sci. Eng. A Vol. 335, 2002, pp. 67–81.
[5]. R. Heath, P. Heimgartner, G. Irons, R. Miller, S.Gustafsson, Material Science Forum, Vol. 251-254, 1997, pp. 809-816.
[6]. Sova, Pervushin D., Smurov I.; "Development of multimaterial coatings by cold spray and gas detonation spr aying", Surface and coatings technology, Volume 205, Number 4, (2010), 1108-1114.
[7]. Wang Tie-Gang, Zhao Sheng-Sheng, Hua Wei-Gang, Li Jia-Bao, Gon g Jun, Sun Chao; "Estimation of residual stress and its effects on the mechanical properties of detonation gun sprayed WC-Co coatings", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 527, Number 3, 454-461.

Abstract: Various techniques are employed to protect the material from degradation. As the wear is a surface phenomenon and occurs mostly at outer surfaces. Most industry segments, significant financial losses may be incurred due to accelerated wear of various components. In order to minimize the effects of mechanical wear and extend product life, thermal spray coating solutions introduced into production and is further developing them to meet even more demanding wear applications. Therefore it is more appropriate and economical to use surface engineering for making surface modifications. High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) is one of the thermal spraying techniques known for providing hard, wear resistant and dense micro structured coatings. Applying coatings using thermal spray is an established industrial method for resurfacing metal parts. The process is characterized by simultaneously melting and transporting sprayed materials, usually metal or ceramics, onto parts. Now a day's.

[1]. B. Wielage, A. Wank, H. Pokhmurska, T. Grund, Ch. Rupprecht, G. Reisel, E. Friesen, Development and trends in HVOF spraying technology, Surface and Coating Technology 201 (2006) 2032-2037.
[2]. K. Lukaszkowicz, L.A. Dobrza�ski, A. Zarychta, L. Cunha, Mechanical properties o multilayer coatings deposited by PVD techniques onto the bras substrate, Journal of Achieve-ments in Materials and Manufacturing Technology 15 (2006) 47-52.
[3]. G.-Ch. Ji, Ch.-J. Li, Y.-Y. Wang, W.-Y. Li, Microstructural characterization and Abrasive wear performance of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2 – NiCr coating, Surface and Coating Technology 200 (2006) 6749-6757.
[4]. W. Zorawski, S. Kozerski, Scuffing resistance of plasma and HVOF sprayed WC12Co and Cr3C2-25 (Ni20Cr) coatings, Surface and Coating Technology 202/18 (2008) 4453-4457.
[5]. G. Belli, L. Lusvarghi, M. Barletta, HVOF – sprayed WC-CoCr coatings on Al alloy: Effect of the coating thickness on the tribological properties, Wear 267 (2009) 944-953.
[6]. J.A. Picas, A. Forn, R. Rilla, E. Martin, HVOF thermal sprayed coatings on aluminium alloys and aluminium matrix composites, Surface and Coatings Technology 200 (2005) 1178-1181.

Abstract: Techniquesforheattransferaugmentation arerelevanttoseveralengineering applications.Inrecentyears,thehighcostofenergy andmaterialhasresultedinan increased effort, aimed at producing more efficient heat exchange equipment. Further more, some times there is a need forminiaturization of a heat exchangerinspecific applications, such as space application, through an augmentation of heat transfer. Forthis processa double pipe heatex changer is chosen which isnormally used for improving the processof heat exchange between two fluidswhichareat differenttemperatures. Inanattempttoimproveheatexchangerperformanceinabetterwayatwistedsheet isinsertedintotheinnerpipe.Thesetypesoftwistedsheetinsertedheatexchangerscan beusefulinoverheadcondensers,compressioninterstagecoolersetc.Themainobjectiveofourprojectistocreateturbulence inthehotfluidchannelwith thehelpoftwisted sheetinserts sothatanincrease inthe heattransfercoefficientcanbe identified. By conductingexperiments, the overallheattransfercoefficientvalueof doublepipeheatexchanger withoutandwithvarious twistedinsertsofdifferenttwist ratioswillbecompared.

Keywords: Aluminum twisted tubes, Counter flow, Double pipe heat exchanger, Heat exchangers, Heat transfer co-efficient.

[1]. Proc.InstitutionofMechanicalEngineersVol.218PartA: Journal of Power and Energy.
[2]. Bejan Adrianand Krans Allan. Heat Transfer Hand book
[3]. Bergles, A.E. "Techniques toaugment heat transfer." In Handbook of Heat Transfer Applications (Ed.W.M.Rosenhow), 1985,Ch.3(McGraw-Hill, NewYork).
[4]. Saha,S.K.andDutta,A."Thermo-hydraulicstudyoflaminarswirlflow throughacirculartubefittedwithtwistedtapes."Trans.ASME,J.HeatTransfer,2001,123,417–421.
[5]. Manglik,R.M.andBergles,A.E."Heattransferandpressuredropcorrelations fortwistedtapeinsertinisothermaltubes."Part1:laminarflows.Trans.ASME,J. HeatTransfer,1993,116,881–889.
[6]. AGARWAL, S.K.andRAJARAO,M."Heattransferaugmentationfortheflow ofaviscous liquidincirculartubesusing twistedtapeinserts."Int. J.HeatMass Transfer.1996,39,3547-3557.

Abstract: Our study aims to identify the characteristics in the hardened state of self-compacting concrete designed for deep foundation: execution of bored piles in mud. Several trials in the hardened state (ultrasonic testing, mechanical strength and microstructure tests were carried out on PVC piles of 160mm diameter and 1300mm length, which were filled with Self-Consolidating Concrete admixture with a super-plasticizer noted BAP12 . Accordingly, and in the same context, the construction simulation study in laboratory is interested in the proper formulation of Self-Compacting sludge BAP12 by local and admixture materials to be subsequently applied in the field of cast foundations under water.

[1]. AASHTO, L. (2007). Bridge Design Specifications. Customary U.S.Units, 4th Ed., p 1510. [2]. Kulhawy, F.H. & Chen, J.-R,. (2007). Discussion of Drilled Shaft Side Resistance in Gravelly Soils by Kyle M. Rollins, Robert J. Clayton, Rodney C. Mikesell, and Bradford C. Blaise, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE, Vol. 133, No.10, p 1325-1328.
[3]. De Larrard, F. (1999). Concrete Mixture Proportioning – A Scientific Approach, Modern Concrete Technologie, Series 9, Mindess S. and A. Bentur, Editors, E & FN SPON, London, UK,.
[4]. Bartos, Sonebi, &Tamimi. (2002). Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete. Compendium of Tests Report of Rilem Technical Committee TC145 WSM.
[5]. Lecomte, A, Mechling, J-M, and Diliberto-Jeannot, C. (2009 ). Compaction index of cement paste of normal consistency. Constr Build Mater 23, p 3279–86.

Abstract: Seismic soil liquefaction is evaluated for ongoing approach road project of Padma Multipurpose Bridge in terms of the factors of safety against liquefaction (FS) along the depths of soil profiles for different magnitude of earthquakes and peak ground acceleration by using standard penetration test (SPT) based on simplified empirical procedure. This liquefaction potential is evaluated in the approach road using the borehole records from standard penetration tests. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) is evaluated at borehole locations from the obtained factors of safety (FS) to predict the potential of liquefaction to cause damage at the surface level at the site of interest. For each location, soil liquefaction potential is presented in the form of contour plot of matrix of LPI values by using MATLAB numerical tool. As the soils at the site are predominantly alluvial deposits, the vulnerability of liquefaction is observed to be very high at many locations.

Keywords – Borehole Log, Liquefaction, LPI, MATLAB, Site Investigation, SPT

[1]. Youd, T. L. and Perkins, D. M.: Mapping liquefaction-induced ground failure potential, J. Geotech. Eng. Division, 104, 443– 446, 1978.
[2]. Seed, H. B. and Idriss, I. M.: Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, J. Soil Mech. Foundation Division, 97, 1249–1273, 1971
[3]. Luna, R. and Frost, J. D.: Spatial liquefaction analysis system, J. Comput. Civil Eng., 12, 48–56, 1998
[4]. Idriss, I. M. and Boulanger, R. W.: Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes, Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng., 26, 115–130, 2006
[5]. Dixit, J., Dewaikar, D. & Jangid, R.: Assessment of liquefaction potential index for Mumbai city. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2012
[6]. Lenz, J. A. & Baise, L. G.: Spatial variability of liquefaction potential in regional mapping using CPT and SPT data. SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, 2007.

Abstract: The rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridges and building becomes necessary due to ageing, corrosion of steel reinforcement, defects in construction/design, demand in the increased service loads, and damage in case of seismic events and improvement in the design guidelines. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have emerged as promising material for rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures. The rehabilitation of structures can be in the form of strengthening, repairing or retrofitting for seismic deficiencies. Shear failure of RC beams is identified as the most disastrous failure mode as it does not give any advance warning before failure. The shear strengthening of RC T-beams using externally bonded (EB) FRP composites has become a popular structural strengthening technique, due to the well-known advantages of FRP composites such as their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. This study assimilates the experimental works of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) retrofitted RC beams under symmetrical four-point static loading system.

Keywords: Glass fiber, carbon fiber, epoxy, retrofitting.

[1]. ACI 440.2R-02, "Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures", Reported by ACI Committee 440.
[2]. Archana kumari panigrahi (2013), "Strengthening Of Shear Deficient RC T beams with externally bonded FRPs", Composite structures.
[3]. Balamuralikrishnan R., and Jeyasehar C. A. (2009), "Flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) fabrics", The Open Civil Engineering Journal.
[4]. Ceroni F. (2010), "Experimental performances of RC beams strengthened with FRP materials", Construction and Building materials.
[5]. Ghazi J. Al-Sulaimani, Alfarabi Sharif, Istem A. Basunbul, Mohhamed H. Baluch, and Bader N. Ghaleb (1994), "Shear Repair for Reinforced Concrete by Fiberglass Plate Bonding", ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 91, Issue No. 4.

Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process that uses friction generated by a rotating cylindrical tool which produces heat and plasticize metal on either side of a joint, creating a solid functional weld. Friction- generated heat is more effective at reorganizing the microstructure of metals and metal alloys than other forms of fusion welding. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace Aluminium alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. A comparison is made on Fusion welding (metal inert gas arc welding) and frictional stir welding through various mechanical testing method. They were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Rockwell hardness respectively. It was found that the mechanical properties of the friction stir welded Aluminium alloy plate were superior than the MIG arc welded Aluminium alloy plate.

Keywords: Friction Stir welding (FSW), Metal Inert Gas Arc welding (MIG), AA6063 Aluminium alloy, Tensile Strength, Rockwell Hardness.

[1] Cavaliere P, Nobile R, Panella.F (2005) "Mechanical And Microstructural Behaviour Of 2024–7075 Aluminium Alloy Sheets Joined By Friction Stir Welding" International Journal Of Machine Tools & Manufacture 46 (2006) 588–594
[2] Elangovan K, Balasubramanian. V (2008) "Influences Of Tool Pin Profile And Tool Shoulder Diameter On The Formation Of Friction Stir Processing Zone In AA6061 Aluminium Alloy" Materials And Design 29 (2008) 362–373
[3] Liechty B.C, Webb B.W (2008)"Modeling The Frictional Boundary Condition In Friction Stir Welding" International Journal Of Machine Tools & Manufacture 48 (2008) 1474– 1485
[4] Silva A, Arruti E, Janeiro ,G(2011) "Material Flow And Mechanical Behaviour Of Dissimilar AA2024-T3 Andaa7075-T6 Aluminium Alloys Friction Stir Welds" Materials And Design 32 (2011) 2021–2027.

Abstract: This study reviews the characteristics of Concrete incorporated with Bottom Ash as partial replacement for fine aggregates, with a main focus on the mechanical properties such as Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength etc. Ten different research papers are reviewed. The practical use of Bottom ash shows a great contribution to waste minimization as well as resources conservation.

Keywords: Bottom Ash, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength, Workability.

[1]. P. Aggarwal, Y. Aggarwal and S.M. Gupta, "Effect of Bottom ash as replacement of fine aggregates in concrete", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing) (AJCE), ISSN: 1563-0854, Volume 8, No. 1, 2007, pp.49-62
[2]. Mohd Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah and Zulkifli Muda, "The Properties of Special Concrete Using Washed Bottom Ash (WBA) as Partial Sand Replacement", International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering & Technology (IJSCET), ISSN: 2180-3242, Volume 1, No. 2, December 2010, pp.65-76
[3]. Abdulhameed Umar Abubakar and Khairul Salleh Baharudin, "Properties of Concrete Using Tanjung Bin Power Plant Coal Bottom Ash and Fly Ash", International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering & Technology (IJSCET), ISSN: 2180-3242, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp.56-69
[4]. M. Purushothaman and R.M. Senthamarai, "Strength Properties of High Performance Concrete using Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate", International Journal of Civil Engineering (IJCE), ISSN 2278-9987, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 2013, pp.35-40
[5]. P. Tang, Q.L. Yu, R. Yu and H.J.H. Brouwers, "The application of MSWI bottom ash fines in high performance concrete", 1st International Conference on the Chemistry of Construction Materials, Berlin, October 2013, pp.435-438

Abstract: This investigation is done for energy and exergy analysis of a combined power refrigeration cycle using oil as the heat transfer medium. This cycle is an integration of Rankine cycle for power production and ejector refrigeration cycle for cold production. The effects of parameters like; steam temperature, and the evaporator temperature of ejector have been observed on first and second law performance. The first law efficiency of solar driven combined cycle is found to be is 20% while second law efficiency is 11%.
Keywords: Solar energy, ejector, first law efficiency, second law efficiency.

[1]. F. Xu, D.Y. Goswami, S.S.Bhagat, 2000, A combined power/ cooling cycle, Energy, 25,233-246.
[2]. Da-Wen Sun, Ian W. Eames, 1996, Performance characteristics of HCFC-123 ejector refrigeration cycle, Int. J. of Energy Research, 20(10), 871-885.
[3]. Keenan H, Neumann EP, Lustwerk F. An investigation of ejector design by analysis and experiment. J Appl Mech, Transactions of the ASME 1950; 72: 299-309.
[4]. Huang BJ, Chang JM, Wang CP, Petronko VA. A 1-D analysis of ejector performance. International Journal of Refrigeration 1999; 22: 354-364.
[5]. Ouzzane M, Aidoun Z. Model development and numerical procedure for detailed ejector analysis and design. Applied Thermal Engineering 2003; 23: 2337-2351.
[6]. Dai Y, Wang J, Gao L. Exergy analysis, parametric analysis and optimization for a novel combined power and ejector refrigeration cycle. Applied Thermal Engineering 2009; 29: 1983-1990.

Abstract: Thermally induced damage to the work piece can have a deleterious effect on strength-related properties. Consequently extensive research has been directed towards investigating temperatures and predicting thermal damage by experimentally analyzing the cutting zone temperatures from the energy input to the process and the operating conditions. Optimize value of parameters such as feed rate, depth of cut and speed for minimum thermal damage in work piece. In present study, measurement of the chip-back temperature developed during cutting was investigated using an embedded thermocouple into the cutting tool. AISI AISI 1010 steel was used as the workpiece material and a K type thermocouple was used for the temperature measurement. The cutting tests were carried out on a MTAB XL CNC turning center. In selecting the cutting parameters, the reference values indicated in ISO 3685 were used. In order to locate the thermocouple on the cutting tool, a Flir Systems Therma Cam thermal camera was used. The results showed that increasing cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut resulted in increase in the temperature at the back rake surface. However, cutting speed had the most influence on the temperature.
Keywords: Cutting Parameters, Thermocouple

[1]. G. Barrow, A review of experimental and theoretical techniques for assessing cutting temperatures, Annals of the CIRP 22 (1973), pp. 203–211.
[2]. M.C. Shaw, Energy conversion in cutting and grinding, Annals of the CIRP 45 (1996) (1), pp. 101–104.
[3]. Milikic D, Kovac P, Gostrimirovic M. Some aspects of coated hard metal inserts. Balkantrib'96 second international conference on tribology, proceedings, 5–7 June 1996, Thessalonica, Greece.
[4]. Kolb MG. Influence microemulsions on the uranium machining process. Balkantrib'96 second international conference on tribology, proceedings, 5–7 June 1996, Thessalonica, Greece.
[5]. Rall DL, Giedt WH. Heat transfer and temperature distribution in a metal cutting tool. Trans ASME 1956;78:1507–15.
[6]. Bootthrody G. Fundamentals of metal machining and machine tools. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1981. p. 92–102.
[7]. JAEGER, J. C. (1942) —Moving sources of heat and the temperature at sliding Contacts―Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol 76, 203-224