Abstract: Deep breathing and coughing exercises are the most painful activities during the days of post-cardiac surgery. The cold gel pack is an effective non-pharmacological method that decreases the pain intensity associated with these exercises. Purpose of the study: was to assess the effect of cold gel pack on controlling pain intensity associated with deep breathing and coughing exercise after cardiac surgery. Setting: the study was carried out in the Intensive care unit of open-heart surgery at the National Cardiac Institute, Imbabah, Giza Governorate, Egypt........
Keywords: Cold Gel Pack, Pain Intensity, Deep Breathing and Coughing Exercise, Cardiac Surgery
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