iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: This paper describes an investigation into the potential for different mobile application on home automation systems. It considers problems with their implementation, discusses possible solutions through various Mobile application platform and different network technologies and indicates how to optimize the use of such systems. The home is an eternal, heterogeneous, distributed computing environment which certainly requires a careful study before developing any suitable Home Automation System (HAS) that will accomplish its requirements. Now a days, mobile applications made were targeted to a particular Operating System only which restricted there usability. With the limitations of above in mind there is a need of a universal mobile application development platform.

[1]. Chen, M. K. (1994). Practical design for computer speech recognition on PC. Flag Press Corp.
[2]. Franky Lam Nicole Lam Raymond K. Wong, ―Performance evaluation of XSYNC: an efficient synchronizer for mobile xml data,‖ iccs 2002, pp. 651-655, 6 Feb 2002.
[3]. Huang, C. J. (2003). Hierarchical grown blue-trees—An effective topology for Bluetooth scatter-nets. Master thesis, E.E. Department of National Chung-Sun University.
[4]. Le, H. P., Zayegh, A., & Singh, J. (2003). A 12-bit high performance low cost pipeline ADC. Electronics, Circuits and Systems.
[5]. Lin, S.C. (2003). Communication protocol of message package of BT Net. Master thesis, Electronic Engineering Department of Fen-Kai University

Abstract: Image compression is a widely addressed researched area. Mamny compression standards are in place. But still there is a scope for high compression with quality reconstruction. In this paper we are going to perform image compression for better quality reconstruction by using Various types of Discrete Cosine Transform such as 1-D,2-D and 3-D transforms. In this paper we are going to compare the results for each type of compression technique. An extensive experimentation has been been carried out to arrive at the conclusion.

In this paper we suggest a method how to compress an digital image using various types of Discrete Cosine transform.

Abstract: Modified H-shaped array antennas are proposed to achieve high gain and good impedance matching for WiMAXapplications. Here a 3*2 H-shaped microstrip array antenna is designed. To reduce the return loss and for good impedance matching, the 50 ohm impedance transformer is used. By using H-shaped slot antenna, an air bridge can be avoided in design as well as the complexity of design can be reduced .The 180 degree phase shifters are organised in H-shaped antenna. It gives 7.77 dB gain and 11.97 dB directivity. The return loss of 16 dB and 24 dB can be achieved at 3.3 GHz and 3.7 GHz operating frequencies which are WiMAX frequencies. Index Terms:Modified H-shaped antenna, WiMAX, 50 ohm impedance transformer, 180 deg phase shifter.

[1] "Broadband High-gain Microstrip Array Antennas for WiMAX Base Station", horng-dean chen, chow-yen-desmondsim, jun-yiwu, andtsung-wen chiu, ieee transactions on antennas and propagation, vol. 60, no. 8, august 2012.
[2] "Slot Loaded Microstrip Antenna for GPS, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX Applications Survey", Pradutt K. Bharti1, H. S. Singh2, G. K. Pandey3, and M. K. Meshram4, International Journal of Microwaves Applications, Volume 2, No.2, March – April 2013.
[3] "A Reconfigurable Stacked Patch Microstrip Array Antenna (RSPMAA) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMAX Applications", N. Ramli, M. T. Ali, A. L. Yusof, S. Muhamud @ Kayat, H. Alias, and M. A. Sulaiman.
[4] "A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna with Triangular Snipped Slot for Wireless Applications", K.NagaMallik, Ch. Radhika, D.Ujwala, H.M.Ramesh, A. Gowtham Kumar, P.Karthik.
[5] "High Gain of C Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless System",Anamika Singh, AadeshArya&Sanjay Sharma.
[6] "Pi shape slot loaded patch antenna for Wi-MAX applications", Rajesh Khanna, Rakesh Kumar,Tripathi, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ThaparUniversity,Patiala,Punjab,India.

Abstract: The design of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting by using circular planar spiral inductor antenna arrays is proposed. The proposed antenna is a 2x1 circular spiral inductor. The size, return loss and radiation patterns were studied. It is expected that the proposed method is capable of harvesting RF electromagnetic energy more efficiently compared to when using single element spiral antenna. Both circular spiral inductors are fabricated on Roger 4003 substrates. Simulation results show that 5.14dBi gain for antenna array and 3.22dBi gain for single antenna can be achieved at frequency 527MHz. The gain has increased about 37.3% on the antenna array. Besides, practical results show that circular spiral inductor antenna array harvested more energy than a single element antenna. Therefore, the results obtained are a very attractive alternative design solution for energy harvesting system in the future. The array method of the circular spiral inductor antenna is successfully confirmed.

Keywords: Antenna array, Energy harvesting, Planar spiral inductor

[1] TARIS, T., VIGNERAS, V. & FADEL, L. Year. A 900MHz RF energy harvesting module: New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), 2012 IEEE 10th International, 2012. IEEE, 445-448.
[2] BARCAK, J. M. & PARTAL, H. P. Year. Efficient RF energy harvesting by using multiband microstrip antenna arrays with multistage rectifiers: Subthreshold Microelectronics Conference (SubVT), 2012 IEEE, 9-10 Oct. 2012 2012. 1-3.
[3] MARSHALL, B. R. & DURGIN, G. D. 2013. Staggered Pattern Charge Collection: Antenna Technique to Improve RF Energy Harvesting. IEEE RFID 2013.
[4] JABBAR, H., SONG, Y. S. & JEONG, T. T. 2010. RF energy harvesting system and circuits for charging of mobile devices. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 56, 247-253.
[5] NATH, S. & RANA, S. The Design and Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna using simulation studies by ADS. IJESS.
[6] BAHL, I. J. 2003. Lumped elements for RF and microwave circuits (Artech house)

Abstract: Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is one of the emerging and promising technologies of our near future which provides Network on Wheels (NOW). It provides safety and other applications to the drivers as well as passengers. It has become a key component of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET is the special type of MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) where the mobile nodes are vehicles that move on roads at very high speed following traffic rules; they provide communication between vehicle and vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle and Road side infrastructural unit (V2I).An attempt has been made earlier to create a new cluster model for efficient communication among the VANET nodes.In this paper a new clustering model has been created along with security algorithms so that the communication among the VANET nodes can be made in more efficient manner.

Keywords: Clustering, Road Side Units (RSU), HARDY function, Cluster head, Registration, Session Management

[1]. Zaydoun Y Rawashdeh and Syed Masud Mahmud, "A novel algorithm to form stable clusters in vehicular ad hoc networks on highways", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2012, 2012:15.
[2]. Bhuvaneshwari.S,Divya.G, Kirithika.K.B and Nithya.S , "A Survey On Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering ,Vol. 2, Issue 10, October 2013.
[3]. B. Ramakrishnan, "Performance Analysis of AODV Routing Protocol In Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Service Discovery Architecture",ARPN Journal of Systems and Software,vol. 2, no. 2, February 2012.
[4]. KapilBhagchandani, Yatendra Mohan Sharma, "Exploration of VANET Mobility Models with New Cluster Based Routing Protocol", International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), Volume-2, Issue-6, January 2013.
[5]. Ram Shringar Raw, Manish Kumar, Nanhay Singh, "Security challenges, issues and their Solutions for VANET", International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013.
[6]. Khaleel Mershad and Hassan Artail, "A Framework for Secure and Efficient Data Acquisition in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,Vol.62, No.2, February 2013.

Abstract: In this paper we try to design and implement the logic of a Fuzzy Multiplexer (fMUX) system. A design of Fuzzy Multiplexer is presented and its generalization to classical logic has been shown with simulations. In fuzzy modelling, a fuzzy multiplexer fMUX acts as a fuzzy switch to select one of the fuzzy inputs. Selection of the inputs is determined by the value of candidate inputs termed as "Select Inputs". These fMUX's could be used as generic building modules in fuzzy systems. All simulations were done using MultiSim 11.0 .

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy Gates, Fuzzy Multiplexer, Selection Lines, Fuzzy Generalization, Simulation.

[1.] J. L. Pérez, M. A. Bañuelos, Electronic Models of Fuzzy Gates, Instrumentation and Development Vol. 3 Nr. 5, 1995.

[2.] Ben Choi, and K. Tipnis, New Components for Building Fuzzy Logic Circuits. FSKD , page 586-590. IEEE Computer Society, (2007)

[3.] Witold Pedrycz, Logic-driven fuzzy modeling with fuzzy multiplexers, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 17 (2004) 383–391

[4.] Antonio Gonzalez , Raul Perez, Completeness and consistency conditions for learning fuzzy rules, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 96 (1998) 37-51

[5.] Tom Kazmierski, Fuzzy-logic digital-analogue interfaces for accurate mixed-signal simulation, 01/1998; In proceeding of: 1998 Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE '98), February 23-26, 1998, Le Palais des Congrès de Paris, Paris, France

Abstract: In addition to the known applications of voice communication , cell phones , hands-free voice recording , automatic speech recognition , interactive voice response systems , man-machine interface , requires at least a microphone and signals are usually corrupted by noise reverberation and background noise . So , the voice signal must be " clean " by digital signal processing tool to be played before storage or transmission . This article describes an speech enhancement technology for single voice channel. Various strategies have been proposed and are described from human to simulate and compare the past in this article . But there are still some obstacles to overcome these methods .

[1] S.K.Shah, J.H.Shah, N.N.Parmar , "Performance Evaluation of STSA based Speech Enhancement Techniques for Speech Communication Systems" NCWCVD-2010,IEEE MP subsection 2010.
[2] "The NOIZEUS database (2009)." Available: http://www.utdallas.edu/~loizou/speech/noize
[3] A.M.Kondoz, Digital Speech, 2nd Ed., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2007.
[4] Thomas F. Quatieri, Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing, 1st Indian reprint, Pearson education signal processing series, 2004.
[5] Suppression of acoustic noise in speech using spectral subtraction, Steven F. Boll, IEEE transactions on acoustics, speech and signal processing , vol. ASSP-27,1979,page-113-119.
[6] N.Virag, "Single channel speech enhancement based on masking properties of the human auditory system," IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio processing, Vol. 7, pp. 126-37, Mar. 1999

Abstract: High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is still a most important challenge in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. This paper proposes a modified Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) technique which acquires its phase weighting factors from the Paley-I type Hadamard matrices with an objective to reduce the high PAPR in OFDM systems. The proposed technique achieves better PAPR reduction than traditional PTS-OFDM and it also obviate the need for exhaustive search for the viable phase weighting factors in PTS-OFDM, thereby reducing the computational overhead and also avoids the unwanted data rate loss.

Index Terms: OFDM, Peak to Average Power Ratio, PTS, Phase Factors

[1] Xiaodong Li and Leonard J. Cimini, "Effects of clipping and Filtering on the Performance of OFDM". IEEE, 1997, pp.1634-1638.
[2] R.W. Bauml, et al. , "Reducing the Peak-to-average Power Ratio of Multicarrier Modulation by Selected Mapping". Electronics Letters, 1996,32(22), pp.2056-2057
[3] Muller, S.H. and Huber, J.B. A novel peak power reduction scheme for OFDM. PIMRC'97, vol. 3, pp.1090–1094.
[4] J.Tellado, "Peak to Average Power Reduction for Multicarrier Modulation". Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 2000
[5] J. A. Davis, J. Jedwab, "Peak-to-mean Power Control and Error Correction for OFDM Transmission Using Golay Sequences and ReedMuller Codes". Elect. Lett., vol.33, no. 4, Feb. 1997, pp.267-268.
[6] Palicot, J. and Lou€et, Y. (Sep. 2005) Power ratio definitions and analysis in single carrier modulations. EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey.
[7] H. F. Harmuth, Transmission of Information by Orthogonal Functions, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin, 1972.

Abstract: IEEE 802.15.4 is an emerging communication protocol for low rate-wireless personal network (LR-WPAN) which has gained importance in last few years, in practical and research field. Nowadays Zigbee used in many applications such as home automation, industrial, and medical system etc. The low rate WPANs provide low power consumption, low cost and small range wireless networking. Zigbee uses IEEE 802.15.4 as its communication protocol for medium access control (MAC) layer and physical (PHY) layer..

[1] G. Pottie and W. Kaiser, "Wireless integrated network sensors," ACM Communications, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 51–58, May 2000.
[2] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey", Computer Networks, 38: 393–422, 2002.
[3] J. Shaw, E. Silverberg, M. Al-Kateb, "Simulation of Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks", pg57, 2008.
[4] K. Sohraby, D. Minoli and T. Znati, "Wireless Sensor Network Technology, Protocols and Applications", John Wiley & Sons, pg10-11, 2007.
[5] Y.-Kai Huang; Ai-Chun Pang; Hui-Nien Hung; "A comprehensive analysis of low-power operation for beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks" IEEE Transactions on Volume: 8, Issue: 11 November 2008.
[6] Qualnet User's Guide.
[7] Perkins, C., Belding-Royer, E. and Das, S.; "Ad hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", RFC 3561 (rfc3561) Pg. 1-37, July2003

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the optimum received power for spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) at different transmission distances using modified-AND subtraction detection technique and single photodiode (SPD) detection technique. We also investigate the effect of avalanche photodiode (APD) gain on the received power. Simulation results show that: 1) the received power decreases while the bit error rate (BER) increases with the transmission distance, and 2) both the received power and the BER increase with the APD gain for the same transmission distance.

Keywords: APD, modified-AND subtraction detection technique, phase induced intensity noise (PIIN), SAC-OCDMA, SPD

[1] N. Karafolas and D. Uttamchandani, Optical fiber code division multiple access network: A review, Optical Fiber Technology, 2(2), 149-168, 1996.
[2] H.W. Chen, G.C. Yang, C.Y. Chang, T.C. Lin and W. C. Kwong, Spectral efficiency study of two multirate schemes for asynchronous optical CDMA, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27(14), 2771–2778, 2009.
[3] J.F. Huang, C.M. Tsai and Y.L. Lo, Compensating fiber gratings for source flatness to reduce multiple-access interferences in optical CDMA network coder/decoders, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22(3), 739–745, 2004.
[4] F. A. Aziz and S. S. A. Obayya, Manchester-coded modified-legendre codes for spectral-amplitude coding-based optical code-division multiplexing system, IET Optoelectron. , 5(2), 93–98, 2011.
[5] S. B. Ahmad Anas, M. K. Abdullah, M. Mokhtar and S. D. Walker, Multiple access interference elimination with enhanced chromatic dispersion tolerance in SAC OCDMA, IEICE Electron. Express., 5(16), 617–623, 2008.

Abstract: This paper is mainly aimed at developing an advanced communication aid for the people having severe speech impairment. This method gives rise to a new form of communication aid which recognizes the disordered speech of the user and builds messages which are converted into synthetic speech. While employing this method, the recognition perplexity can be increased. The selected message building technique traded-off various factors including speed of message construction and range of available message outputs. The trial high lightened some issues which limit the performance and usability of device when applied in real usage situations, with mean recognition accuracy of 67% in these circumstances. A field trial by individuals with moderate to severe dysarthia and confined that they can make use of the device to produce intelligible speech output from disordered speech input.

Index Terms: Communication aid, speech impairment, synthetic speech, recognition perplexity, dysarthia.

[1] D.Beukelman and P.Mirenda, Augumentative and Alternative communication, 3rd ed.Baltimore, MD: Paul H.Brookes,2005.
[2] P.Enderby and L.Emerson, Does Speech and Language Therapy Work, London, U.K.: Singular, 1995.
[3] C.L.Kleinke,"Gaze and eye contact: A research review, Psychol.Bull" vol.100, no.1, pp.78-100, 1986.
[4] B.O'Keefe, N, N.Kozak, and R.Schuller,"Research priorities in augmentative and alternative communication as identified by people who use AAC and their facilitators,"Augumentative Alternative Commun., vol.23, no.1, pp.89-96, 2007.
[5] J.Murphy,"I prefer contact this close: Perceptions of AAC by people with motor neurone disease and their communication partners,"Augumentative Alternative Commun., vol.20, pp.259-271, 2004.
[6] B.WisenburnandD.J.Higginbotham,"An AAC application using speaking partner speech recognition to automatically contextually relevant utterances: Objective results;"Augmentative Alternative Commun., vol.24, no.2, pp.100-109, 2008..
[7] L.J.Ferrier, H.C.Shane, H.F.B.allard, T.Carpenter, and A.Benoit,"Dysarthric speaker's intelligibility and speech characteristics in relation to computer speech recognition, "Augmentative alternative commun, vol.11, no.3, pp.165-175,1995.

Abstract: spatial clustering method can be used for the analysis of satellite image to get the meaningful information with the help of fuzzy local information c-means algorithm using image segmentation technique. In previous clustering based image segmentation method may lose the important image details due to the noise present in the satellite image. The effects of noise are avoided by the spatial relationship among pixels, but it often generates boundary zones for the mix of pixel around the edges .To overcome these problem (FELICM) reduces the edge degradation by introducing the weights of pixel within the local neighboring windows.

[1] D. Comaniciu, ―Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature space analysis,‖ IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal.Mach. Intell., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 603–619, May 2002.
[2] D. E. Ilea and P. F. Whelan, ―CTex—An adaptive unsupervised segmentation algorithm based on color–texture coherence,‖ IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1926–1939, Oct. 2008.
[3] K. H. M. Kuwahara, S. Ehiu, and M. Kinoshita, ―Processing of angiocardiographic images,‖ in Digital Processing of Biomedical Images. New York: Plenum, 1976, pp. 187–203
[4] G. Dong and M. Xie, ―Color clustering and learning for image segmentation based on neural networks,‖ IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 925–936, Jul. 2005.
[5] Z. Xiangrong, L. Jiao, F. Liu, L. Bo, and M. Gong, ―Spectral clustering ensemble applied to SAR image segmentation,‖ IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 2126–2136, Jul. 2008.

Abstract: Whip type antennas are probably the most commonly used antennas in portable RF systems, such as cordless and cellular phones, RF enabled laptop computers, , and handheld computers. Whip antennas are almost always mounted on the chassis which contains the radio and other electronics. Normally in mobile phone two set of antenna used for receiving different application such as GSM and GPS. In this paper models and measurements are used to discuss choice of using single Double whip antennas and the impact of the chassis on radiation characteristics. Ansoft HFSS tool which has been has been successfully used to predict radiated field patterns is used for simulations, and measured and modeled results are shown.

Index Terms: Double whip antenna, VSWR, S-Parameters, Ansoft HFSS Tool.

[1]. S.D.Rogers,C.M.Butler,andA.Q.Martin,"DesignandrealizationofGA-optimized wire monopole and matching network with 20:1 bandwidth" IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 493–502,Mar. 2003.
[2]. K. Yegin and A. Q. Martin, "Very broadband loaded monopole antennas," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Montreal,
[3]. X.Ding,B.Z.Wang,G.Zheng,andX.M.Li,"Designandrealization of a GA-optimized VHF/UHF antenna with "on-body‟ matching network," IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 303–307,2010
[4]. J. M. González-Arbesú, S. Blanch, and J. Romeu, "Are space fling curves efficient small antennas," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 147–150, 2003.
[5]. H. Lizuka and P. S. Hall, "Left-handed dipole antennas and their implementations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, no. 5, pp.1246–1253, 2007.
[6]. S. Sheldon and W. P. K. Ronold, "Compact conical antenna for wideband coverage," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 42, no. 3, pp.436–439, 1994.

Abstract:Adaptive streaming over Hyper-Text Transport protocol (HTTP) is the new trend in video delivery on the Internet and is expected to be supported by consumer electronic devices such as Blu-ray players and DVRs. Proprietary solutions have been around for a couple of years and standardization efforts are entering the final stage. Adaptive bit rate streaming is a technique used in streaming multimedia over computer networks. While in the past most video streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such RTP with RTSP, today's adaptive streaming technologies are almost exclusively based on HTTP[1]and designed to work efficiently over large distributed HTTP networks such as the Internet. Experiments confirm that our algorithm outperforms popular segmentation techniques and saves10% of bandwidth on average for the same objective quality levels. This saving is significant given the volume of traffic that video delivery generates every day on the Internet.1

Keyword : HTTP, DASH, streaming

[1]. S. Akhshabi, A.C. Begen, and C.Dovrolis, "An experimental evaluation of rateadaptation algorithms in adaptive streaming over HTTP," Proc. of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems, pp.157-168, Feb. 2011.
[2]. Velibor Adzic, Student Member, IEEE, Hari Kalva, Senior Member, IEEE and Borko Furht" Optimizing Video Encoding for Adaptive Streaming over HTTP"
[3]. Chang-Su Kim1, Bong-Im Jang2 and Hoe-Kyung Jung3" "A Study on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming System over HTTP for Various Streaming Services."

Abstract: In reconfigurable system, the size of bitstream and memory is reduced using bitstream compression. By reducing the reconfiguration time, the system can improve the communication bandwidth. Existing system shows that, at the cost of compression efficiency effective compression is achieved with slow or fast decompression rate. To improve both compression and decompression efficiencies, this paper proposes a new technique i.e., decode aware compression technique. Different approaches for the proposed system are i) A large set of matching pattern is created by using effective bitmask selection technique. ii) Using the bitmask and dictionary selection technique, a bitmask based compression is achieved because of which there is an efficient reduction in memory requirement. iii) Repetative patterns are generated by grouping bitmask based compression and run length encoding. Finally, using decompression engine the original bitstream can be generated.

Index Terms: Bitstream, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), reduction, transfer time

[1] J. H. Pan, T. Mitra, and W. F. Wong, "Configuration bitstream compression for dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs," in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput.-Aided Des., 2004, pp. 766-773.
[2] S. Hauck and W. D. Wilson, "Runlength compression techniques for FPGA configurations," in Proc. IEEE Symp. Field-Program. Custom Comput. Mach., 1999, pp. 286-287.
[3] A. Dandalis and V. K. Prasanna, "Configuration compression for FPGA-based embedded systems," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1394-1398, Dec. 2005.
[4] D. Koch, C. Beckhoff, and J. Teich, "Bitstream decompression for high speed FPGA configuration from slow memories," in Proc. Int. Conf. Field-Program. Technol., 2007, pp. 161-168.
[5] S. Seong and P. Mishra, "Bitmask-based code compression for embedded systems," IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 673-685, Apr. 2008.
[6] S. Hauck, Z. Li, and E. Schwabe, "Configuration compression for the Xilinx XC6200 FPGA," IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1107-1113, Aug. 1999.

Abstract: This project is used for automatically close or open the mobile platforms in between the track trains. Normally the mobile platform connects the two platforms through which the passenger can walk on the platform to reach on the next platform Sensors are placed on the two sides of track. if the train reaches one sensor the mobile platform will automatically close and allows the train to go through the tracks and then when the train leaves the second sensor the mobile platform will automatically open the bridging platforms.The microcontroller will sense the presence of train by using infrared sensor. so on sensing the train on one path controller will give pulses to the stepper motor to close the mobile platform automatically.
Index Terms: IR-Sensor, Dc Gear Motor,Pic Microcontroller.

[1]. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Motor Vehicle Accident Costs (Technical Advisory T7570.2, 31 October).
[2]. Silla, A. and J. Luoma (2011). Effect of Three Counter measures against the Illegal Crossing of Railway Tracks. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Volume 43, Issue 3.
[3]. Delmonte, E. and S. Tong (2011). Improving Safety and Accessibility at Level 29 Crossings for Disabled Pedestrians. Report Number T650. Rail Safety and Standards 30 Board, London, United Kingdom, February 2011.
[4]. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (2010). Railroad Trespassing, Vandalism, and Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Warning Device Violation Prevention Strategies. Office of Railroad Safety, December 2010.
[5]. Rail Safety and Standards Board (2010). Road-Rail Interface Special Topic Report. April 2010. London, United Kingdom.

Abstract: Simulated scalar feed horn antennas are found to be exhibiting identical radiation characteristics of metallic corrugated feed horn antennas of same dimensions. Hence, in this paper, the E-plane radiation characteristics of a simulated scalar feed horn antenna is analysed theoretically by extending the theory of metallic corrugated horn antennas. The theoretical E-plane radiation patterns at different frequencies in X-band are compared with that of experimentally obtained E-plane radiation patterns. Even though the nulls of of the radiation patterns are not fully realised by the theory, the main beam characteristics are well explained. Losses that may occur in the dielectric substrate of the E-plane walls are not considered in the theoretical explanation. This may be the reason for slight discrepancies observed in the experimental and theoretical 3-dB and 10 dB beam widths.
Key words: Antennas, Feed horns, Microwaves, Scalar feeds, Theoretical analysis.

[1] E. Lier and T.S Petterson, "The Strip Loaded Hybrid Mode Feed Horn", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Vol.AP-36, No. 9, pp. 1086- 1088, Sept.1987
[2] E. Lier and P.S Kildal, "Soft and Hard Horn Antennas", ibid, Vol. 36, No.8, pp. 1152-1157, Aug. 1988
[3] S. Rodrigues, P.Mohanan and K.G Nair, "Simulated Corrugated Feed Horn Antennas", Proc. IEEE AP-S Intl. Symp. USA, 1990, pp.984-987
[4] S. Rodrigues, P.Mohanan and K.G Nair, "A Strip Loaded Feed Horn Antenna", IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters", Vol. 1,No.11, pp.318-319, Nov.1991
[5] S. Rodrigues, "Simulated Scalar Feed Horn Antenna with Exterior Tapered Throat Profile", IOSR Journal of Applied Physics", Vol.3, Issue 5, Mar-Apr., 2013, pp. 92-96.

Abstract: Mobile Ad Hoc network is a self-organizing infrastructure less network where the nodes are responsible for routing the packets. MANET has dynamic topology which allows nodes to join and leave the network at any time. This paper proposes a channel adaptive routing protocol which extends AOMDV routing protocol to accommodate channel fading. The proposed Channel Aware AOMDV protocol uses channel average nonfading duration to select stable links for route discovery. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate approximation capability of artificial neural network. Feed forward network architecture with back propagation algorithm is used. Depending upon the size of database number of hidden layers and number of neurons in hidden layer are decided. Number of neurons in hidden layer is varied and effect on percentage deviation in the output parameter is observed. Depending upon nature of input and output parameters synthesis and analysis artificial neural network (ANN) models are trained.
Keywords: Mobile Ad-hoc networks, Channel Aware Ad-hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (CA-AOMDV), ANN.

[1] S. B. Takale and Dr. S.D. Lokhande, "Design of Circular Microstrip Antenna for Circular Polarization using ANN ", CiiT
Internationl Journal of Artificial Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning, Vol 2,No 11,November 2010.
[2] Xiaoqin Chen, Haley M. Jones, and Dhammika Jayalath Tarighat, "Channel Aware routing in MANET with route handoff"
,IEEE Trans. On Mobile computing,Vol. 10,January. 2011.
[3] S. Jain and S.R. Das, "Exploiting Path Diversity in the Link Layer in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. Sixth IEEE Int‟l Symp. World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), pp. 22-30, June 2005.
[4] Z. Zaidi and B. Mark, "A Mobility Tracking Model for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC), pp. 1790-1795, March 2003.
[5] M. Park, J. Andrews, and S. Nettles, "Wireless Channel-Aware Ad Hoc Cross-Layer Protocol with Multiroute Path Selection Diversity," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. (VTC)-Fall, vol. 4, pp. 2197-2201, Oct. 2003.

Abstract: In recent years Evolutionary computation has its growth to extent. Synthesis of non-uniform linear antenna arrays is one of the most important electromagnetic optimization problems of the current interest. In this paper, the design of non-uniform linear antenna arrays with optimum side lobe level reduction is investigated. Two global evolutionary optimization methods are Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(PSO) and Differential Evolution algorithm(DE ) are used to determine an optimum set of weights and positions that provide a radiation pattern with optimum side lobe level having uniform progressive phase between the elements. Simulation results show considerable enhancements in array performances using the global optimizers. The paper finally illustrates a comparative evaluation of the two proposed algorithms regarding their applicability as numerical optimization techniques.
Keywords: Linear Antenna arrays, Side lobe level (SLL), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO).

[1] Rahmat-Samii, Y., and Michielssen, E.: Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms. (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999)
[2] Robinson, J., and Rahmat-Samii, Y.: Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, Vol.52, pp. 397-407.
[3] Storn, R. and K. Price, ―Differential evolution—A simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces,‖ Journal of Global Optimization, Vol. 11, No. 4, 341-359, 1997.
[4] M. M. Khodier and C. G. Christodoulou, ―Linear array geometry synthesis with minimum side lobe level and null control using particle swarm optimization,‖ IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, August 2005.
[5] S. Yang, Y. B. Gan, and A. Qing, ―Sideband suppression in time modulated linear arrays by the differential evolution algorithm,‖ IEEEAntennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 1, pp. 173-175, 2002.

Abstract: To retrieve the information from huge amount of data and finding what kind of data to be mined is becoming progressively computerized. On the other hand selecting what data to gather requires human association or practice, generally delivered by field expert. This system describe that for prediction of some behavioral outcomes, non-field experts can jointly formulate structures and then provide values. Existing system not give the accurate behavioral model, this achieved in system by constructing a web site in which peoples respond to questions and pose new questions to others. This results in a dynamically-growing online survey. There are two different approaches for the system in which first can predict users monthly electricity consumption; the other predict users body mass index.
Index terms: Crowdsourcing, Human Behavior modeling, Survey, Prediction.

[1] Josh C. Bongard, "Crowdsourcing Predictors of Behavioral Outcomes," IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering, 2013.
[2] S. Bowman, S. Gortmaker, C. Ebbeling, M. Pereira, and D. Ludwig, "Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey," Pediatrics, vol. 113, no. 1, p. 112, 2004.
[3] J. Currie, S. Della Vigna, E. Moretti, and V. Pathania, "The effect of fast food restaurants on obesity and weight gain," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 32–63, 2010.
[4] D. C. Brabham, "Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving," Convergence, vol. 14, pp. 75–90, 2008.
[5] Paul Whitla, "Crowdsourcing and Its Application in Marketing Activities", Contemporary Management Research Pages 15-28, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2009.

Abstract: Light-Fidelity explains how visible light communication (VLC) technology is applied to high speed wireless communication. Light-Fidelity technology was first demonstrated by Harald Hass, a German Physicist. DLIGHT, one of his invention which can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. Light-Fidelity is used to increase wireless networks in places such as home, office, business environment. Using Light-Fidelity technology, in future data for laptops, smart phones, and tablets can be transmitted through the light in a room.
Key words: Light-Fidelity, VLC, DLIGHT.

[1] www.lificonsortium.org
[2] Technopits.blogspot.com
[3] the-gadgeteer.com/2011/08/29/Li-Fi-internet-at-the speed-of-light/
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
[5] www.macmillandictionary.com/buzzword/entries/ Li-Fi.htm.