iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar-Apr 2014

Abstract: This paper compares the performances of two loosely coupled Micro blaze Implemented GPS-INS Integrated Systems On Spartan 6 And Zynq FPGAs. The first system usesa Micro blaze implemented GPS-INS integrated system on Spartan 6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for inertial navigation solution and Kalman filter computation.The second system uses a Micro blaze implemented GPS-INS integrated system on Zynq FPGA for inertial navigation solution and Kalman filter computation . Real time issues related to accuracy of position, GPS outages, Selective availability of GPS, Higher variances of accelerometers, Resource usage of FPGA in terms of Slices, DSP48 and Block Random Access Memory (BRAM), Computation time, latency, and power consumption are presented.The systems are designed to give real time processed navigation solutions with an update rate of 100 Hz.
Key words: Global positioning system,Inertial navigation system,Kalman filter,Spartan 6 FPGA,Zynq FPGA.

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Abstract: Financial and environmental considerations have motivated a trend in wireless communication network design and operation to minimize the amount of energy consumption . such a trend is reffered to as green radio communication . in this article , network cooperation is investigated as a means of energy saving. Network with overlapped coverage can cooperate to reduce their energy consumption by alternately switching on and off their resources according to the traffic load condition. We present an optimal resource on-off switching framework that adapts to the fluctuation in trafficload and maximize the amount of energy saving under service quality constrants, in a cooperative networking environment. For the system model inter consideration, unlike the existing solution in literature, the proposed technique can achieve energy saving while avoiding an increase in the transmission power, numerical results demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.

Keywords: EARTH, gion, energy efficiency,reen communications,femtocells, interference,radio resource management.

[1]. Vikram Chandrasekhar and Jeffrey G. Andrews, Alan Gatherer, Texas Instruments "Femtocell Networks: A Survey"communication magazine,IEEE,vol.46,pp.59-67,sept 2012
[2]. Shuguang Cui, Andrea J. Goldsmith, and Ahmad Bahai, "Energy-constrained Modulation Optimization"IEEE Trans.wireless commun.,vol.4,no.5,pp.2349-2360,sept.,2011
[3]. Qing Chen and Mustafa Cenk Gursoy "Energy Efficiency Analysis in Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Networks"information sceinse and systems.53rd annual conference on ,vol.no.pp.811-816
[4]. Qing Chen and Mustafa Cenk Gurso"Energy-Efficient Modulation Design for Reliable Communication in Wireless Networks"WCNC,2011 IEEE.,vol.no.,pp.1-6,18-21 april 2011
[5]. Albrecht J. Fehske, Fred Richter, and Gerhard P. Fettweis "Energy Efficiency Improvements through Micro Sites in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks"PIMPRC 2011 IEEE 46TH INTERNATIONAL SYNOPSYM on,vol.,no.pp1-6,april 2010
[6]. Muhammad Ismail and Weihua Zhuang "Network Cooperation for Energy Saving in Green Radio Communications"wireless communication,IEEE vol no.48.,no.11,pp.no.66-72,nov.2011

Abstract: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) in combination with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can provide spectrally efficient and ISI free communication. Channel estimation is of great importance in order to recover the signal at the receiver side. Therefore accurate channel state information is essential for proper detection and decoding in MIMO-OFDM wireless systems. To estimate channel state information various types of techniques are being deployed in these systems. Accuracy and precision of channel estimation depends on the techniques used for the purpose of estimating channel state information.

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Abstract: The field of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is still in its infancy and particularly the provision of quality of service (QoS) is much more challenging comparing to the wired line networks, mainly due to node mobility, multihop communications, contention for channel access, and a lack of central coordination. Now a days much research attention has focused on providing QoS assurances in MANET protocols. QoS routing protocols provide a mechanism to establish a multicast session. The QoS routing protocol is an integral part of any QoS solution since its function is to ascertain which nodes, if any, are able to serve applications requirements and also is an open problem and remains relatively uncharted territory. This paper offers a survey of QoS routing solutions for MANETs which requires the interaction and cooperation of several components like QoS routing protocol, resource reservation scheme and QoS capable medium access control (MAC) layer. This paper provides a broad and comprehensive view of the various components and protocols required to provide QoS support in computer networks, focusing primarily on ad hoc networks which shows the picture of transform of traditional infrastructure wired to wireless networks (i.e. cellular-based networks).In this paper, an overview of QoS multicast protocolswhich have been proposed in the past literatures are presented. In addition, the performancesof these protocols are compared with respect to performance metrics.

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Abstract: In order to improve the single-mode emotion recognition rate, the bimodal fusion method based on speech and facial expression was proposed. Here emotion recognition rate can be defined as ratio of number of images properly recognized to the number of input images. Single mode emotion recognition term can be used either for emotion recognition through speech or through facial expression. To increase the rate we combine these two methods by using bimodal fusion.

1] Yi Huang, Yun Tie, " Human Emotion Recognition using the Adaptive Sub-Layer-Compensation Based Facial Edge Detection," 2013 IEEE.
[2] Akshay S. Utane, Dr. S.L.Nalbalwar "Emotion recognition through speech using Gaussian Mixure Model and Hidden Markov Model" international conference paper April - 2013, pp. 742-746
[3] Yutai Wang, Xinghai Yang, Jing Zou, Research of Emotion Recognition Based on Speech and Facial Expression TELKOMNIKA, Vol.11, No.1, January 2013, pp. 83~90
[4] A.C.Rafael, D. Sidney, "Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications," TAC, l(1), 18-34, 2010
[5] Ashish B. Ingale, D. S. Chaudhari "Speech Emotion Recognition" International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-1, March 2012

Abstract:Various GNSS systems are being developed by different countries; some are regional navigation systems while others cover complete globe. Different correction techniques and augmentation systems are being used to enhance the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for precisely locating the points on the surface of the earth. This paper, emphasise on GNSS selection criterion for different application.

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[6]. Spletter Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR), ARAIM: Utilization of Modernized GNSS for Aircraft-Based Navigation Integrity Alexandru (Ene)

Abstract: The basic problem suffered by a communication system is in the removal of additive background noise. Spectral Subtraction method (SSM) has been successfully implemented to suppress the background noise. This paper proposed a novel hybrid system for enhancing noise-corrupted speech which involves a parallel combination of Spectral Subtraction and soft thresholding method in wavelet domain for speech enhancement. The performance of hybrid system is compared with both Spectral Subtraction method and Wavelet thresholding technique (WTT) and found to have better SNR improvement. Implementation and evaluation have been made using MATLAB.

1] Farid Ykhlef, A. Guessoum and D. Berkani, "Speech Enhancement Based on a Combination of Spectral Subtraction and a Minimum Mean- Square Error Short-Time Log-Spectral Amplitude Estimator in Wavelet Domain"2012.
[2] Malihehassani, M. R. Karamimollaei "Speech Enhancement Based on Spectral Subtraction in Wavelet Domain"IEEE 7th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications. 2011
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[5] Anuradha R. Fukane, Shashikant L. Sahare, "Different Approaches of Spectral Subtraction method for Enhancing the Speech Signal in Noisy Environments"

Abstract: Abandon Rate is an effective evaluation indicator for telecommunication operators to measure network performance. It is the percentage of incoming calls made to a call or service center that are dropped by the callers before they are being attended to by a call center representative (agent). The research focuses mainly on improving abandon rate forecasting problems and offers an intelligent hybrid model in which decision rules will be generated as programs that will be able to reason and use a knowledge base to classify and forecast abandon rate.

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Abstract: Rain attenuation is the primary source of signal degradation especially for those operating at frequencies up to 10 GHz. Achieving precise prediction of the rain attenuation to certain location is quite difficult due to the inhomogeneity of the rain along the propagation path. Vertical and horizontal reduction factors playing a significant role to estimate the effective path length precisely by reducing the actual path length penetrated in the rain.

1]. Ahmad F.M.Z., AssadeqAbolhaoshat Mansour Albendag, "Improving ITU-R Rain Attenuation Model for HAPS Earth-Space Link", Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 2013 IEEE International Conference, pp. 56-59.
[2]. Hao, X., Rappaport, T.S., Boyle, R. j., &Schaffner, j. H. (2000)."Measurement and models for 38-GHz point-to-multipoint radiowave propagation". IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, 18(3), 310-320.
[3]. Zhenwei, Z.,Leke, L.,&Yumei, L. (2003). "A prediction model of rain attenuation along earth-space path".In IEEE proceedings on antennas, propagation and EM theory (pp. 516-519), November 2003.
[4]. International Telecommunication Union, "Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space telecommunication systems," ITU, Geneva, Switzerl

Abstract: Today, the wireless communication is an emanating requirement of day to day process. Due to the noisy environment in wireless communication there is a need of coding system, which can provide high data rate with error free communication. The turbo codes also known as Parallel Convolutional Concatenated Code (PCCC) provides high data rate with bit error rate performance improvement in communication system. With the advent demand of miniaturization, an area efficient turbo decoder of constraint length 3 is proposed in this paper.

[1] Wang Huahua and Liu Wenwen, "Analysis of Turbo Decoding Algorithm In LTE System," IEEE Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), pp. 1741-1744, May 2012.
[2] Ali CALHAN and Celal CEKEN, "Comparative Performance Analysis of Forward Error Correction Techniques Used in Wireless Communications," IEEE Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, pp. 63-68, March 2007.
[3] Jorge Ortín, PalomaGarcía, and Antonio Valdovinos, "Performance Analysis of Turbo Decoding Algorithms in Wireless OFDM Systems," IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 1149-1154, August 2009.
[4] T.Gnanasekaran, K.Duraiswamy and A.P.Kapilan, "Unequal Error Protection Using Maximum A-Posteriori Probability (MAP) Algorithm, Soft Output Viterbi (SOVA) Algorithm and Modified SOVA," International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, pp. 1298-1301, July 2008.