IOSR-JHSS   Volume-26 ~ Issue-6 ~ june 2021

Abstract:Purpose: The households in Rwanda provide the share of their budgets to education expenditures through spending on public boarding secondary schools. The households of students in public boarding secondary schools consider education a luxury implying that they care about the quality of their children's education. This means that education seems to be a necessity item for households as they play a significant part to improve the participation of their children in public boarding secondary schools. This purpose of this paper therefore, was to determine the influence of households' educational expenditures on students' participation rates in public boarding secondary schools in Kicukiro and Ruhango districts in Rwanda. Materials and Methods: The study was guided by correlation research design. The target population was two Districts Education Officers (DEOs), 10 school head teachers and 4382 students corresponding to 2186 parents. Yamane formula was established......

Key Words: Households: Education expenditures: Students' participation: Public boarding secondary school:

[1]. Ananga, E. (2018). Dropping Out the School in the Southern of Ghana. The push Out and Pull Out Factors. Create Pathways to Access Research Monograph No 55. University of Sussex.
[2]. Asahi, K. (2014). The impact of better Schools Accessibility on Students Outcomes. Spatial Economic Center. London WC2A2AE.
[3]. Asma, Z. & Pauline, R. (2018). Equitable financing of Secondary Education in Sub-Suharan Africa: Research for Equitable Access and Learning (REAL) Centre, University of Cambridge. New York, USA.
[4]. Bray, B. (2019). Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for every Child. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ the World Bank.
[5]. Carlos, J. (2019). Factors that Hindering Parents' participation in School Activities in Tanzania: A Case of Arusha District. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Educational Administration, Planning and Policy Studies of the Open University of Tanzania. Tanzania.

Abstract: This study uses the newest genealogical DNA methodology of phylogenetic trees to identify a large population of Jewish descent in the Scottish Lowlands and Northern Ireland. It is proposed that the majority of these Lowland Scots and Northern Ireland colonists were likely crypto-Jews who had arrived in Scotland in three phases: (1) with the arrival of William the Conqueror in 1066, (2) after the 1290 Expulsion of Jews from England, and (3) after the 1490 Expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. Evidence is found that both the Ashkenazic and Sephardic branches of Judaism are present among these Lowland Scot and Northern Ireland residents.

Keywords: Scotland, Northern Ireland, Sephardic Jews, Ashkenazic Jews, Genetic Genealogy

[1]. Adamson, Dr. I.: The Identity of Ulster. Bangor, Pretani Press. Third Impression, 1995.
[2]. Alberro, Solange. "Crypto-Jews and the Mexican Holy Office in the Seventeenth Century," in The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450–1800, eds. Paolo Bernardini and Norman Fiering. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
[3]. Arbell, Mordechai. The Jewish Nation of the Caribbean: The Spanish-Portuguese Jewish Settlements in the Caribbean and the Guianas. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 2002.
[4]. Bardon, J.: A History of Ulster. Belfast, Blackstaff Press. New Updated Edition, 2001.
[5]. Behar DM, Thomas MG, Skorecki K, et al. (October 2003). "Multiple origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y chromosome evidence for both Near Eastern and European ancestries". American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (4): 768–77.

Abstract: Conceptual blending theory falls under cognitive science. This paper first examines a metaphor or blend, this surgeon is a butcher! The aim of this study is to find out the reason behind the surgeon butcher relationship and also the ground of their comparison. It has always been a popular metaphor around the world. It has seen surgeons are always compared to butchers and there is no clear explanation why only these two professions are consistently compared. A survey is conducted among twenty Chinese and Bangladeshi students by using a semi-structured interview. It is argued that this sentence has two possible meanings. In the Chinese context it shows a positive and in the Bangladeshi context it shows a negative meaning and this study will discuss about the blend and both of the meanings.

Keywords: Conceptual blending theory, cognitive science, metaphor, blending.

Abstract:Résumé La conquête du pouvoir pousse plusieurs personnes d'utiliser les stratégies dont certaines ne collent pas avec les valeurs démocratiques voire de la citoyenneté, le tribalisme en est un exemple. La politique d'exclusion est beaucoup plus appliquée en Territoire de Fizi dans le cadre de conquérir le pouvoir, la tribu majoritaire use de ces privilèges pour s'accaparer de la quasi-totalité des avantages reconnus au Territoire de Fizi. D'autres communautés qui sont lésées, cherchent par tous les moyens leur positionnement ou influence pour se maintenir, et la stratégie la plus fréquente est l'intégration dans les groupes armés à vocation tribale. Bref, la mobilisation des identités reste l'argument de poids dans la conquête et exercice du pouvoir en Territoire de Fizi.

[1]. Bongeli Yeikelo E. et al., Sociologie politique, perspectives africaines, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2020
[2]. Braud P., Sociologie politique, 12ième édition, Paris, PUF, 2019
[3]. Cialdini R., Influence et manipulation, comprendre et maitriser les mécanismes et les techniques de persuasion, Paris, Ed. First, 2004
[4]. Compans J., « Le tribalisme dans les sociétés contemporaines » in Individu et société, disponible sur https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ tribalisme/4-le tribalisme-dans-la-société-contemporaine/ consulté le 25 mai 2021
[5]. Coquery-Vidrovich C., Rébellions-révolutions au Zaïre 1963-1965, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1969.

Abstract: This study uses a qualitative approach. The social situation is in Muara Bulian SSS, Jambi City SSS, and Muara Bungo SSS. The research subjects were the headmaster, vice headmaster and teachers. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis consists of data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion. Checking the validity of the data through extended observations, triangulation, and peer checking through discussion. The results of the study consist of four findings, namely: 1)Headmaster planning in teacher career development at SSS Jambi Province has not been carried out optimally. Where the headmaster does not involve all stakeholders in planning, (2) Organizing headmasters in teacher career development at SSS Jambi province, that is the division of tasks from the headmaster to vice headmasters and teachers......

Keywords: Management, Career Development, Headmasters, and Teachers

[1]. Mukhtar and Iskandar, Orientasi Supervisi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Gaung Persada, 2009).
[2]. Gary Dassler, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, (Jakarta: Permata Puri Media, 2011)
[3]. Randall S. Schuler, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Translation, Nurdi Sobari, (Jakarta: Erlangga, 1997
[4]. Cris Rowley, Keith Jacson (ed), Human Resorces Management. New York: Routledge, 2011
[5]. Dadang Gernida 2015 TCT scores taken from PPPPTKPLB data