IOSR-JHSS   Volume-29 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2024

Abstract: Background: Contraceptive use empowers individuals to make informed and autonomous decisions regarding the frequency, timing, and number of children they choose to have. Despite the numerous benefits associated with contraception, the level of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women in their reproductive years in Kenya remains unacceptably high. The aim of this study was to establish the socio-demographic factors associated with unmet need for FP among these students........

Keywords: Unmet Need; Family Planning; University.

[1]. Akoth, C., Oguta, J. O., Kyololo, O. M., Nyamu, M., Ndirangu, M. N., & Gatimu, S. M. (2021). Factors associated with the utilisation
[2]. Akoth, C., Oguta, J. O., Kyololo, O. M., Nyamu, M., Ndirangu, M. N., & Gatimu, S. M. (2021). Factors associated with the utilisation and unmet need for modern contraceptives among urban women in Kenya: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 2, 669760.
[3]. Castle, S., & Askew, I. (2019). Contraceptive discontinuation: Reasons, challenges, and solutions. Population Council and FP2020. 2015.
[4]. Dubey, U. K. B., & Kothari, D. P. (2022). Research methodology: Techniques and trends. CRC Press.
[5]. Gahungu, J., Vahdaninia, M., & Regmi, P. R. (2021). The unmet need for modern family planning methods among postpartum women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature. Reproductive Health, 18, 1-15.

Abstract: A multicultural context is complex as it regroups people from different parts of the world, cultures, religions, and academic domains. In a multicultural context, people in one way or another expose their perspectives, uniqueness, and differences to one another, sometimes in a conflictive way, if good mechanisms for maintaining communal harmony and mutual acceptance are not developed. This paper aims to show that a well-sound communication style conditions effective leadership in a multicultural context, since a multicultural context presents a lot of complex situations. The central question is: how can Christian leaders effectively boost their leadership with a well-sound communication style in a multicultural context? Through exploring scholarly research, this paper has found that a well-sound communication style has three major components: (1) the ability to understand personal identity and others' cultural patterns, (2) the ability to develop personal intercultural values, and (3) the ability to establish personal communication manners.

Keywords: global context, communication style, and effective leadership.

[1]. Bennis, W. (1989). On Becoming A Leader.
[2]. Caldwell, P. (2007). From Isolation to Intimacy: Making Friends Without Words. https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzIwMjMzN19fQU41?sid=b36b09f4-b495-48fd-997e-3a811dd24a24@redis&vid=0&format=EB
[3]. Chen, G.-M. (2012). The Impact of New Media on Intercultural Communication in Global Context. Communication Studies Faculty Publications. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/com_facpubs/13
[4]. Crane, A., Matten, D., & Spence, L., J. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility in a Global Context by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Laura J. Spence: SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2322817
[5]. Crose, C. (2019). Dealing With Differences. https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzIxNzQxODZfX0FO0?sid=97443b36-da70-4936-8e41-21aa7dd728e1@redis&vid=0&format=EB

Abstract: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os impactos do uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na educação. Para isso, adotou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa bibliográfica, explorando informações disponíveis em diversas fontes acadêmicas e especializadas. Os resultados revelam que a IA está redefinindo o cenário educacional, especialmente na personalização do ensino, na criação de ambientes de aprendizagem interativos e na ampliação do acesso ao ensino. No entanto, seu uso levanta preocupações, como questões de privacidade de dados e viés algorítmico. Diante desses desafios, é crucial desenvolver políticas e regulamentações adequadas e investir na capacitação dos educadores. Em conclusão, a IA tem o potencial de transformar profundamente o processo.....

[1]. BARBOSA, C. R. A. C. Transformações no ensino-aprendizagem com o uso da inteligência artificial: revisão sistemática da literatura. RECIMA21, v. 4, n. 5, 2023.
[2]. BUZATO, M. E. B. Inteligência artificial, pós-humanismo e Educação: entre o simulacro e a assemblagem. Inteligência artificial, pós-humanismo e Educação: entre o simulacro e a assemblagem. Dialogia, [S. l.], n. 44, p. e23906, 2023.
[3]. COSTA JÚNIOR, J. F. et al. O futuro da aprendizagem com a inteligência artificial aplicada à educação 4.0. Revista Educação, Humanidades e Ciências Sociais, 2023.
[4]. COSTA, M. A.; RIBEIRO, G. R.; MOSSIN, E. A. Inteligência artificial: contributos para a prática docente na educação especial. Conexões - Ciência e Tecnologia, v. 17, 2023.
[5]. FERNANDES, A. F. Inteligência artificial e educação. Revista BIUS - Boletim Informativo Unimotrisaúde em Sociogerontologia, v. 39, n. 33, 2023.

Abstract: Neste estudo, o objetivo foi analisar o uso da inteligência artificial (IA) na educação e seus impactos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Utilizando uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, treze professores de uma escola pública brasileira foram entrevistados para explorar suas percepções sobre a IA na educação. Os resultados indicaram uma visão positiva dos professores em relação à IA, destacando sua capacidade de personalizar o ensino, automatizar tarefas administrativas e oferecer feedbacks individualizados aos alunos. No entanto, os professores também expressaram preocupações, especialmente em relação à privacidade dos dados dos alunos e à confiabilidade dos algoritmos de IA......

Keywords: Inteligência artificial (IA); Educação; Tecnologia digital.

[1]. BARBOSA, C. R. A. C. Transformações no ensino-aprendizagem com o uso da inteligência artificial: revisão sistemática da literatura. RECIMA21, v. 4, n. 5, 2023.
[2]. BUZATO, M. E. B. Inteligência artificial, pós-humanismo e Educação: entre o simulacro e a assemblagem. Inteligência artificial, pós-humanismo e Educação: entre o simulacro e a assemblagem. Dialogia, [S. l.], n. 44, p. e23906, 2023.
[3]. COSTA, M. A.; RIBEIRO, G. R.; MOSSIN, E. A. Inteligência artificial: contributos para a prática docente na educação especial. Conexões - Ciência e Tecnologia, v. 17, 2023.
[4]. FERNANDES, A. F. Inteligência artificial e educação. Revista BIUS - Boletim Informativo Unimotrisaúde em Sociogerontologia, v. 39, n. 33, 2023.
[5]. GIRAFFA, L.; KHOLS-SANTOS, P. Inteligência Artificial e Educação: conceitos, aplicações e implicações no fazer docente. Educação em Análise, Londrina, v. 8, n. 1, p. 116–134, 2023.

Abstract: Household is a place considered as the epitome of safety and security where one gets solace and peace of mind. In traditional society a woman is called the "home maker" and man the "bread earner". Inherent patriarchal structure of our society is largely responsible for shaping such a point of view. A family's honour and respect are said to rest on a women's behaviour and manners. Like a contagious disease it spread generation after generation, restricting the development of her individuality and independent identity. Housewives are more of the society and less of the economy......

Keywords: housewives, unpaid, unrecognised, identity.

[1]. Bagchi, J. and Duttagupta, S. (2005). The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal 1947- 2000: The Challenge Ahead. SAGE Publishers, New Delhi.
[2]. Konar, D. (2009). Nature of Urbanisation in West Bengal in the Post- independence period. Economic Affairs.54(3&4), 149-164.
[3]. Lahiri, T. ( 2017). Maid in India: Stories of Opportunity and Inequality Inside Our Homes. Aleph Book Company, New Delhi.
[4]. Shanmugasundaram, Y. (1993). Women Employment in India. Allied Publishers Limited, Madras.

Abstract: This paper discusses the economic aspects of social exclusion in India, specifically focusing on the caste system. It explores various economic theories and approaches to understanding social exclusion based on caste. The paper aims to conceptualise social exclusion from an economic perspective, analysing the works of economists like Thorat and Ambedkar. It discusses the mainstream/neoclassical approach, behavioural economics approach, Marxian approach, and Ambedkarian approach to studying the caste system and its economic implications. This highlighted some important concepts such as fixed hereditary occupation, inequality in property rights, socio-economic ostracism, and the impact of caste-based discrimination on economic efficiency and income distribution.

Keywords- Social Exclusion, Caste System, Economic Theory, Inequality.

[1]. Acemoglu, D., T. Reed, and J. Robinson. (2014). "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone." Journal of Political Economy 122 (2): 319–68.
[2]. Akerlof, G., (1976). "The Economics of Caste and the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales." Quarterly Journal of Economics 90(4): 599–617.
[3]. Ambedkar, B. R. (1948). "The Untouchables: Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables?" Thacker. [4]. Ambedkar. B. R (2011) "Caste in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development" Kaushalya Prakashan, Maharastra, India [5]. Ambedkar. B. R (2018) "The rise and fall of Hindu women" Samyak Prakashan, New Delhi

Abstract: Tribes are Hindus (??). The question mark in the bracket indicates social, religious, anthropological, historical and philosophical question, and gives rise to a great debate among the intellectuals. An attempt has been made in this paper to resolve the issue with a better conceptual clarification of the Odisha socio-cultural and religious systems of the tribes as well as Hindus inhabiting therein. In doing so, attempt has been made to analyse the concepts related to both 'Tribalism' and 'Hinduism'. By collecting data through primary and secondary sources, I find some unique as well as common features in both. This article is the consequence of my field study and observation of a long process of acculturation and assimilation between them. Lastly, I have concluded that Tribalism and Hinduism survive parallelly with reciprocatively.

Key Words: Tribalism, Hinduism, Hindu civilization, varna-jati social system, acculturation and assimilation.

[1] Bhargava, Karti, (October 18 2022), "Explained: What Is The Sarna Religious Code And What Are Its Followers Demanding?", Outlook India, 18.10.2022, Retrieved from https://www.outlookindia.com/national/explained-what-is-the-sarna-religious-code-and-what-are-its-followers-demanding--news-230860.
[2] Lewis, W. Martin, (October 29 2015), "Religious Complexity in Northeastern South Asia", GeoCurrents. 29 October 2015, p. 3, Retrieved from https://www.geocurrents.info/blog/2015/10/29/religious-complexity-in-northeastern-south-asia/.
[3] Pathak, Sushmita, (March 29 2024), "Adherents of Sarnaism try to preserve their identity and culture by pushing for more recognition of their faith in India", The World, Retrieved from https://theworld.org/stories/2024/03/29/adherents-sarnaism-try-preserve-their-identity-and-culture-pushing-more.
[4] Bharadwaj, R. M., (2022), "Sanskritization and Indian Tribes", in: Long, J. D., Sherma, R. D., Jain, P., Khanna, M., (Eds), Hinduism and Tribal Religions. Encyclopaedia of Indian Religions, Springer, Dordrecht, Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1188-1_1891.
[5] "Tribal Digital Document Repository", Ministry of Tribal Affairs: Poipulation Analysis: Scheduled Tribes of Odisha, (Dec. 2021), Retrieved from
https://repository.tribal.gov.in/handle/123456789/73776?viewItem=browse.

Abstract: Undoubtedly, the post-pandemic period is being marked by the need for schools to develop strategies to recompose learning in mathematics in 1st year classes, since the numerous difficulties presented by students in this subject when entering high school are well known. This situation requires new teaching strategies to be applied in order to make this process more effective and interesting, especially for students who study in full-time schools, such as EEMTIs and EPs.........

Key Words: Mathematics. Games. Recomposition of Learning.

[ BARROS, Marcelo Lopes Leão; ANGELIM, Clenilson Panta. O uso de jogos no ensino da Matemática. Disponível em: < https://idonline.emnuvens.com.br/id/article/view/1004 >. Acesso em 29 mar 2024 [ BAUMGARTEL, Priscila. O uso de jogos como metodologia de ensino da matemática. Disponível em: < http://www.ebrapem2016.ufpr.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gd2_priscila_baumgartel.pdf >. Acesso em 11 out. 2023 [ BIANCHINI, G; GERHARDT, T; DULLIUS, M.M. Jogos no ensino da Matemática: "quais as possíveis contribuições do uso de jogos no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem da matemática?". 2010. Revista Destaques Acadêmicos, 2 (4) - CETEC/UNIVATES. Disponível em: < http://www.meep.univates.br/revistas/index.php/destaques/article/view/83 >. Acesso em 05 out. 2023

Abstract: State is established for the welfare of its citizens. It owes its existence to the people and enjoys its allegiance from the people. State is constituted out of the elements of Population, Territory, Sovereignty and Government.1 Most important of all these elements is the 'people' or the 'citizens' residing in the territory of State. The State has an indispensable obligation to protect the life, liberty and property of its citizens. Even to secure sovereignty is secondary to the solemn obligation of the State to its people. Governance and Development Report defines governance: the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development.....

Key Words: Geneva Convention Act, Civilian, Wounded, War, Human Rights.

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Abstract: 1.1 After the successful annexation of the Achaemenid empire by Alexander the Great, he ascended as the ruler of the Bactrian region, which encompassed the territories from the boundaries of Iran to the boundary of Pakistan. Subsequently, Alexander embarked on a campaign into India in 336 B.C.E. However, he made the fateful decision to return to Greece, which ultimately led to his untimely demise in Alexandria. Following his passing, his vast kingdom was divided into several distinct parts, namely the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, the Seleucid Empire in the east, the Kingdom of Pergamon in Asia Minor, and Macedon.

[1] ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES&REMAINS: BAIRAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE -16 COINS OF MENANDER I HISTORIANS HAVE FOUND SOME ART PIECES AND STATUES OF YAVAN AT A STUPA IN MADHYA PRADESH. WE HAVE FOUND INDO-GREEK SOLDIERS, MEN ON THE SANCHI STUPA. COINS OF INDO-GREEKS THROUGH THE SUB-CONTINENT MAJORLY FROM BACTRIA-Rajasthan

Abstract: In today's global landscape, the tapestry of nations is woven with threads of diverse races, religions, and cultures, giving rise to multicultural societies. The term "multiculturalism," popularized in the 1960s and 1970s, emerged as a lens through which scholars began to explore the intricate interactions among different cultural groups. Historically, during the colonial period, European culture held sway as the dominant force, often asserting its superiority over other cultures. However, the post-colonial movement challenged these Eurocentric perspectives, paving the way for a more inclusive understanding of cultural diversity. Multiculturalism advocates for the recognition and celebration of all cultures as equally valuable, rejecting the imposition of mainstream cultural norms onto subcultures or minority groups......

Key Words: Multiculturalism, tolerance, embracing, harmony, multilingual, cultural. interaction, society, tapestry.

[1]. Cashmore E. (1997). Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations. Routledge, London.
[2]. Krober A. L., Kluckhohn C.(1951). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definition. Random House, New York.
[3]. Moss, Laura (2000). Can Rohinton Misty's Realism Rescue the Novel? Postcolonizing the Commonwealth: Studies in Literature & Culture. Ed. Rowland Smith. Waterloo. Wilfrid Laurier UP.
[4]. Mistry, Rohinton. (2000). Author's Headnotes. Kamboureli.
[5]. Lahiri, Jhumpa. (2003). The Namesake, Houghton Mifflin.