IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: This research study is an evaluation of motherhood experience in pursuit of postgraduate study in Kenya. The study has three objectives: 1) Learn more about the experiences of mothers who study at postgraduate level; 2) Analyze impact of postgraduate study on women and 3) Evaluate how mothers who study resolve tension of combining motherhood and education. Using a qualitative approach, the study gathered data through open-ended interviewing questioning from 32 female participants who reported in their role as mothers of child (ren) eighteen years old or younger enrolled for postgraduate study at University of Nairobi. These study findings reveals that postgraduate student mothers experienced conflict between various commitments like childcare, domestic, work and academic duties...........

[1] Ahrens, C. and Ryff, D. 2006. Multiple Roles and Well-being: Socio-Demographic and Psychological Moderators. Published online: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc.
[2] Atkinson, P. 2001. Handbook of Ethnography. Los Angeles: Sage.
[3] Estes, K. 2011). "Managing the Student-Parent Dilemma: Mothers and Fathers in higher education". Symbolic Interaction, 34 (2): 198-219.
[4] Creswell, J.W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th Ed), Boston, M.A: Pearson.
[5] Gorman, K., & Fritzsche, B. 2002. "The good-mother stereotype: Stay at home (or wish you did!)". Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2190-2201.

Abstract: Most African countries were dominated by the Western countries. This is the resultant effect of their integration into the Western capitalist system. Nigeria's political economy has actually been driven by this integrative process to the point that it is now a problem achieving sustainable development no matter the efforts put in by the people. For the purpose of this study, information was gathered from secondary sources. The work was mainly based on review of relevant literature. Its focus is on the political economy of the development of the Nigerian society from the colonial to the post colonial eras...........

Keywords- Xenocentism, Sustainable Development, Consumption Patterns, Value Re - Orientation

[1] Ajayi, I. (1990). The Trapped Economy (Nigeria: A Non-ideological Strategy for Self-reliance). Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books.
[2] Ake, C. (1981). A Political Economy of Africa. U.S.A. Longman.
[3] Almaric, (2007). Societal Transformation: Growth, Poverty and Recognition. Development, 50 (51): 136 – 147.
[4] Aregbeshola, R.A. (2011). The Political and Social Dynamics of Nigeria: A Synopsis. Asia Policy Brief. Number 39, February 2011.
[5] Bohon, S., Dahms, H.F., Dandaneau, S. P., Freu, R.S., Gellert, P. Jalata, A. & Shefner, J. (2003). Political Economy. Tennessee: The University of Tennessee, College of Arts and Science; Development of Sociology

Abstract: Reading comprehension is the ability to read the text, process it and understand its meaning.Some children with reading disability struggle with the basic reading skill like decoding words and consequently, comprehending the text. Others, however, face difficulties in comprehending the text, while their word reading skill is quite normal. While the simple view of reading suggests that reading comprehension is an interactive effect of word decoding and listening comprehension (RC = LC × D), it does not explain the phenomenon completely. Vocabulary..............

Keywords: Reading disability, comprehension difficulties, simple view of reading, word knowledge, PASS processes, cognitive-based remediation.

[1]. Garnham, A. (2001). Mental models and the interpretation of anaphor. Hove, UK: Psychology Press
[2]. Gernsbacher, M.A. (1990). Language comprehension as structure building. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
[3]. Kintsch, W.A. (1998). Comprehension: a paradigm for cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Tompkins, G.E. (2011). Literacy in the early grades: A successful start for prek-4 readers (3rd edition), Boston, Pearson. p 37) [5]. Adams, Marilyn McCord (1994). Beginning to read: thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51076-6.OCLC 62108874.

Abstract: The studyaimsatexploring the complementaritiesbetweenPrint Reading and Electronic Reading. The theoretical backgrounds underlinethat the printreadingallows concentration, and cognition. This type isconcurrenced by the Eletronic Reading, whichcoversabundantscientific information thatwe must apprehend and integrate in the process of cognition and knowledge, otherwise the risks are obvious. The electronicreadingisuseful but isnegative on some aspects of cognition : concentration and memorization, besides of provoking fatigue...........

Key words: printreading ; electronicreading ; cognition ; complementaritiesbeweenprintreading and electronicreading.

[1] Belisle, Claire (2011). Lire dans un monde numérique. Villeurbanne : Enssib
[2] Chang, Po-Chan ; Chou, Shuo-Yan ; Shieh, Kong-King (2013). Reading performance and visual fatigue whenusingelectronicpaper displays in long duration readingtasksundervariouslighting conditions. Displays, 34, 208-214
[3] Fortunati, Leopoldina ; Vincent, Jane (2014). Sociological insights on the comparison of writing / reading on paperwithwriting/readingdigitally .Telematics and Informatics, 31, 39-51
[4] Mangen, Anne ; Walgermo, Bente R. ; Bronnick, Kolbjorn (2013). Reading lineartexts on paper versus computer screen : effects on readingcomprehension .International Journal of EducationalResearch, 58, 61-68.

Abstract: Learning process is a mind process in that information is transformed into knowledge. Some professorshave interest to add new technologies to teaching practice; however, the Virtual learning is not used in its full power because it is not well-known and there is a large amount of professors who do not use it due to habit to his/her usual teaching methods besides presuming that its use may compromise his/her educational practices somehow and also because he/she will be frequently being tested about how the contents are shown. This paper discusses about this perception and some clues to improve a better use of this technology

[1] ANTUNES, C. (2002). Novas Maneiras e Ensinar, novas maneiras de aprender. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
[2] BARROS, D. M. (2003). Educação a Distância e o Universo do Trabalho. Bauru, São Paulo: EDUSC.
[3] DOWBOR, L. (2001). Tecnologias do Conhecimento: Os Desafios da Educação. Petrópolis: Vozes.
[4] LITTO, F., & FORMIGA, M. (2009). Educação a Distância: o Estado da Arte. São Paulo: Pearson Education do Brasil.

Abstract: The notion of the Mahdiyya (messianism) is one of the controversial and most complicated topics in the history of Islam, not just for its seemingly confusing features, but also for its unclear and vague characteristics. This ambiguous nature of the Mahdiyya invites several interpretations and misinterpretations from various Islamic sects, each asserting that his own version of the Mahdiyya is not only pure and authentic but also the most-followed. This article intends to study the notion of the Mahdiyya from historical perspective by critical examination ofits meaning and the methods adopted by Muslim scholars in discussing and analyzing it............

Keywords: Mahdiyya, Islam, History, Islamic Thought, Muslim Scholars.

[1] H. A. Ibrahim, SayyidAbd al-Rahman al-Mahdi: A Study of Neo-Mahdism in the Sudan 1899-1956, (Boston: Brill, 2004).
[2] A. S. Abdulaziz, Islamic Messianism: the Idea of Mahdi in the TwelverShi'ism, (New York: State University of New York Press, 1981).
[3] Y. al-Qaradawi, Islamic Moderation and Renewal, trans. H. A. Ibrahim et. al. (Selangor: PST Enterprise SdnBhd, 2013).
[4] S. A. Abu Dawud, SunanAbiDawud, (Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 2009).
[5] M. Y. IbnMajah, SunanIbnMajah, (al-Qahirah: Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah, 1952).

Abstract: - Purpose of the study: The study would help the advertisers to understand to what extent the online advertising is beneficial. This study will bring facts that how advertiser‟s use social sites to make their products popular. This study will also be beneficial for the research scholars to analyze as to how consumers perceive the online advertisements and what are their parameters for purchasing stuff from the online sites..............

Keywords: Online advertising, netizens, homepage, ads, advertisements, product

[1] AHN, E., & EDWARDS, S. M. (2002). Brand attitude versus click-through response to banner ads. Paper presented at the American Academy of Advertising.
[2] AZIZ NORZALITA ABD, ARIFFIN AHMAD AZMI M.(2010) Exploring consumers attitude towards Web advertising and its influence on Web Ad usage in Malaysia‟; Pg. 55-66
[3] BAKSHI GAURAV AND GUPTA K DR. SURENDER (2013) "Online advertising and its impact on Consumer buying behaviour‟. International Journal of Research in Finance & Marketing, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (ISSN 2231-5985)
[4] BARBARA K. KAYE AND NORMAN MEDOFF. (2001)Just a Click Away: Advertising on the Internet, MASSACHUSETTS: ALLYN AND BACON.
[5] BORREL CATHERINE (2010)‟Online Consumer Behaviour:Europe‟ ;Market Development Overview. IAB Europe Research Group

Abstract: The fire service mission is to assist the public in the protection of life and property by minimizing the impact of fire, medical emergencies, and potential disasters or events that affect communities and the environment.This study analyzed the spatial distribution, fire incidences and people's perception on the fire service station in Kano Metropolis. The data pertaining to the list of fire service station, number of fire personnel, equipments and fire incidences records were sourced from Kano State Fire Service Board. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the coordinates of the stations in the area. A structure questionnaire was administered to source people's view in the area. Nearest neighbour was used to determine the pattern of the distribution............

Keywords: Spatial Analysis,Fire service, Kano Metropolis, GIS

[1] Aderamo A.J. (2011). Spatial inequalities in accessibility to social amenities in developing countries: A Case from Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 316–322.
[2] Asgary, A., Ghaffari, A., Levy, J. (2010). Spatial and temporal analyses of structural fire incidents and their causes: A case of Toronto Canada. Fire Safety Journal, 45pp 44–57.
[3] Badri, M.A., Mortagy, A.K., Colonel A.A. (1998). A multiobjective model for locating fire stations. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 110(2):243–260.
[4] Burrough, P.A. (1998). Principles of Geographic Information System. New York, Oxford University.
[5] Chen, C. and Ren A.(2003). Optimization of fire station locations using computer. J T singhuaUniv (Sci& Tech). 43(10), pp. 1390-1393.

Abstract: Value, cost, worth and price are words in real estate practice and education that have been interchangeably used without much recourse to their relationships and sharp differences which may be detrimental to value determination. The literature on this subject appears to be scarce. Hence, it is the intention of this article to bring to fore the in-depth of their relationship and differences. Necessary information was derived from secondary data through article literature published in Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebscohost and a host of others. Findings showed that though the concepts are related, their differences cannot be undermined. The findings of this article would be useful to the real estate stakeholders including the academic circle.

Keywords: Concept, cost, price, value, worth

[1] Adair, A., Hutchison, N., MacGregor, B., McGreal, S., &Nanthakumaran, N. (1996). An analysis of valuation variation in the UK commercial property market: Hager and Lord revisited. Journal of Property Valuation and Investment, 14(5), 34-47.
[2] Ambar, A., & Omar, A. J. (2013). Best practices for Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) in Malaysia: value-added CREM strategies among Malaysian corporations.
[3] Baum, A. E., & Crosby, N. (2014). Property investment appraisal.John Wiley & Sons.
[4] Brown, G. R., Matysiak, G. A., & Shepherd, M. (1998).Valuation uncertainty and the Mallinson Report. Journal of Property Research, 15(1), 1-13.
[5] Dietrich, J. R., Harris, M. S., & Muller, K. A. (2000). The reliability of investment property fair value estimates. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 30(2), 125-158

Abstract: One new emerging social phenomenon in the current Iranian society is the opposite sex relations have caused some concerns on a social scale, since it has faced family, religion and marriage with challenges. Accordingly, the present paper, the factors affecting college students' attitudes towards opposite sex relation was examined. To this end, a survey was used and 375 college students were selected through multistage stratified sampling method participated in the study, Fishbein and Ajzen theories, Inglehard and Sap social changes theories were adopted. A questionnaire was applied to collect the require data..............

Keywords: Attitude, opposite sex relation, religious beliefs

[1] Ahmadi, A.A. (2006). An educational analysis of boy-girl relationship in Iran. Tehran: Parents and Teachers Association Publications.
[2] Bohner, G.,&Wänke, M. (2003). Attitudes and Attitude Change. M. SadeghiBenis (Trans.). Tehran: Savalan Publications.
[3] DehghanTanha, R., Ayati. M.,&ShahabiZadeh, F. (2013). Family function and religious orientation: providing the models of attitude toward premarital relationship with the opposite sex and its outcomes in the students with and without relationship with the opposite sex. Psychology and Religion Quarterly, 23, 81-95.
[4] Etaugh, C., & Bridges, A. (2004).The Psychology of Women (2nd Ed). U.S.A: Pearson.
[5] Farahani, F., Kazemipur, Sh.,&Rahimi, A. (2012). Investigating the effect of premarital relations with the opposite sex on marriage age and desire to marry among the students at Tehran universities.Women's Strategic Studies, 15(58).