IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: The novel "English August An Indian Story‟ is a beautiful raillery on Subjectification of Colonial Legacy by a postcolonial author Upamanyu Chatterjee. The protagonist Augustya Sen suffers from aimlessness in his youthful lucrative civil service job and ever refuses to pin down to any particular opinion or grand idea. He is representative of postcolonial youth of India who is shattered between aimlessness and irresoluteness. The postcolonial hallucinations though not present physically in the formerly colonized nation, traces Her through the protagonist throughout his stoned days in remote Madna, as if the colonial power, (as cited befittingly by Canadian critic Stephen Slemon), inscribed on the space of Others (protagonist as representative) and continues as an often occulted tradition...........

Keywords- Postcolonial, Ideology, liminality, Subjectification, Subjectivity etc.

[1]. Chattrejee, Upamanyu. English August: An Indian Story (Faber and Faber: London, 2002).
Secondary Sources-
[2]. Adam, Ian, Helen Tiffin. Etal. Past the Last Post: Theorizing Post-colonialism and Post-modernism (Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf: New York 1991).
[3]. Althusser, Louis. Essays on Ideology (Verso: London, 1984).
[4]. Ashcroft, Bill, Garreth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin. Etal. The Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts (Routledge: New York, 2009).
[5]. Bhaba, K. Homi. The Location of Culture (Routledge: London, 2010).

Abstract: The Paper Investigated The Role Of Spouses In Marital Stability As Perceived By Educated Couples In Kwara State. A Total Of 300 Educated Couples Consisting Of 132 Males And 168 Females Were Selected Using A Simple Random Sampling Technique. Data Were Collected From The Respondents Using An Instrument Titled "Role Of Spouses In Marital Stability Questionnaire" (Rsimsq). The Four Null Hypotheses Generated Were Analyzed Using The T-Test And Analysis Of Variance (Anova) At 0.05 Alpha Level Of Significance, Where The Result Of Anova Showed A Significant Difference, Duncan Multiple Range Test (Dmrt) Statistics Was Used To Determine The Group(S) That Contributed To The Significant Difference.........

Keywords:Role, Spouses And Marital Stability.

[1] Agbana, E.O. & Odewumi, S.O. (2001). Married People And Stability At Home: Nigerian Journal Of Gender And Development, 2(1), 149-153.
[2] Akpan, C.P. (2002). Marital Communication. In. E.A. Uwe & A.E. Obot, (Eds.). Marriage Counselling: Issues And Solutions. Calabar, Nigeria: Pyramid Printers.
[3] Anameze, L. N. (1996). Marriage Among Igbos: An Analytical Studs Of Past And Present Practices. Enugu: Cpa & Gold Productions.
[4] Dada, M.F., & Idowu, A.I. (2006). Factors Enhancing Marital Stability As Perceived By Educated Spouses In Ilorin Metropolis. The Counsellor, 22, 127-138.
[5] Gbenda, B. & Akume, G. (2002). Resolving Marital Conflict Through Counselling. The Counsellor, 19(1), 25-34.

Abstract: The teaching of "International Studies‟ (IS) has become the "rave‟ in Nigerian Universities. But to fully capture what is driving this, one needs to explore the existential anxieties and the cultural consciousness of the so-called "Cheetah‟ generation and compare their assumptions with those of their teachers. Since the adoption of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in 1986 and the elevation of neo-liberal market economics, Nigerian youths have developed particular understandings of what it means for a vocation to be "marketable‟.This paper is based on a survey of graduates, students and lecturers of IS in order to investigate the perceived tension between what the Cheetah generation wants and what the university/lecturers think they should be teaching. It is also an analysis of the extent to which the IS element has either circumscribed the career prospects or globalized the graduates of these combined honours degree programmes.............

Keywords: International Studies, History, Cheetah Generation, Marketability, University, and Nigeria..

[1] Osun State University, College of Humanities and Culture, Ikire Campus,2007/2008 Handbook, 2011 (Osogbo, Nigeria: Osun State University, 2007). See also Departmental Handbook of the Department of History and International Studies, College of Humanities and Culture, Osun State University, 2010/2011 (Osogbo, Nigeria: Osun State University, 2010) pp. 1-61.
[2] Olukoju, A. "Rethinking Historical Scholarship in Africa" in S. Akinrinade et.al. (eds.) Rethinking the Humanities in Africa, (Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2007) pp. 167-182.
[3] Adesina O.C. "Teaching History in Twentieth Century Nigeria: The Challenges of change", History in Africa: A Journal of Method, 33, 2006 pp. 17-37.
[4] Olukoju, A. "Rethinking Historical Scholarship in Africa" in S. Akinrinade et.al. (eds.) Rethinking the Humanities in Africa, (Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2007) pp. 167-182.
[5] National Policy on Education (1998) as cited by Balogun, O.A. (2006) "Humanities, Man and Technology in Africa: A Philosophical Appraisal" in S. Akinrinade et.al. (eds.) The Humanities, Nationalism and Democracy, (Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University, 2006) pp. 405-419..

Abstract: Local Government as a political subdivision/unit is closest to the people and intracts with the locals in diverse ways that impacts citizens to feel they have government who listens and does its biddings; The absence of which leaves majority of locals with impression that there in no government or at least, it had not worked to improve the lots of its people. The aim of this study was to give a critique of the 1976 Local Government reforms: its history and structure after forty years in operation in Nigeria and to see lessons learnt if any. The study which is historical and qualitative in nature involved the use of content analysis of secondary data such as books, journal articles, case law, published and unpublished materials/reports and internet sources related to the study. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that the 1976 Local Government reforms did not satisfy a large segment of the Nigerian society.............

[1] Adamolekun, L. (1979), "The idea of Local Government as a third tier level of Government" In Adamolekun, L and Lowland (eds), The New Local Government system in Nigeria. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books.
[2] Adeola, G.L. (2009), From native Authority to Local Government: Is there a system of Local Government in Nigeria? In Sylvester odion Akhaine (ed) Local Government Administration in Nigeria: Old and New Visions. Lagos: CENCOD pp-2-21
[3] Adewunmi, J.B. (1992), Local Government in Nigeria: The changing Scene. Volume II, Benin City. Ethiope Publishing Corporation
a. Africa
[4] Akpan, P.C. (1984). Modern Local Government Administration in Nigeria: Kaduna, Baraka
[5] Aluko, J.O (2006) Corruption in Local Government System in Nigeria; Book Builder Edition.

Abstract: The eunuchs who are also known as third gender are far and beyond the realm of education in Bangladesh. The term third gender is popularly known as Hijras in Bangladesh. They are totally isolated and marginalized people in our society. However, we have observed that almost always these groups of people are getting underprivileged from their rights including right to education. The actuality of their existence is still a secret and their omnipresence in the Bangladesh society is manifest. They have always remained a fundamental part of the Bangladeshi society from ancient time. But unfortunately their present state of existence has been reduced to wretched poverty, illiteracy, hatred and mockery. The Hijras are still living in the shadow of rejection from every basic right to equality and education..........

Key words: Educational right, international instrument, human rights, recognition, working atmosphere.

[1] Emma, W. (1996). Sexuality and the Reading Encounter: Identity and Desire in Proust, Duras, Tournier, and Cixous (ISBN 0-19-815885-8). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[2] Gedge, K. (2009). Reviews: Transgender History. Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, 46
[3] Ghiselin, M. T. (1969). The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals. Quarterly Review of Biology, 44 (2): 189–208.
[4] Herculine, B. and Michel, F. (1980). Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth-century French Hermaphrodite (2nd edition). New York: Pantheon Books.
[5] Jarne, P. and Auld, J. R. (2006). Animals mix it up too: the distribution of self-fertilization among hermaphroditic animals. Evolution 60 (9): 1816–24.

Abstract: It is an undisputable fact that jihad is an Islamic teaching that is explicitly mentioned in Quran, Hadith, ijma'as well as various fiqh literature from classical time to the contemporary time. Jihad term often used for things that are destructive by western scholars and society. For them, jihad is synonymous with terrorism. The similarization of the word Jihad with the word terrorism in the Western perception is strongly reinforced by a series of terror committed by Muslims in the name of jihad. These acts have been increasingly affecting the interpretation of the word jihad in a negative way although in reality that is not the case in a contemporary context. Jihad in contemporary understanding is not just a war against visible enemies but also a war against the devil and carnality...........

Key words: Concept, Jihad and Islam.

[1] Abdurrahman Wahid, 1982, MenelanCakrawala, Shalahuddin Press, Yogyakarta.
[2] Ahmad WarsonMunawwir, 1984, Kamus Arab-Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Al-Munawwir.
[3] Al-Tabari, 2000, Jami' al-Bayan fi Ta'wil al-Qur'an, Jilid III, Muassasah al-Risalah, Beirut, Cet. ke-2.
[4] AlwiShihab, 1999, Islam Inklusif: MenujuSikapTrebukadalamBeragama, Mizan, Bandung.
[5] Asfahani, Raghib al-, t.th., al-Mufradat li Gharib al-Qur'an, Daar al-'Ilmiyah, Beirut.

Abstract: Food security is a major concern for different countries across the world including Africa. Factors such as climate change, droughts and frequent floods, diversion of food products for production of bio fuels, piracy, and increasing demand for food products from emerging countries have led to sharp increases in the prices of food products. Many countries have been adversely affected by the increase in their food bills and they also have to face scarcity of food products due to their inability to pay. It has made people in different countries become more conscious about the importance of increasing food security within their own countries since they will not be able to influence all the factors responsible for this growing probl.........

Key words: Food Security, Government Policy and Small Island Economies.

[1] Claudia Ringer et al(2010), Climate Change impacts on Food Security in Sub Saharan Africa
[2] Insights from Comprehensive Climate Change Scenarios , International Food Policy Research Institute
[3] Clover J (2003), Food Security in Sub Saharan Africa, Africa Security Review , Vol 12(1)
[4] Defi Plus,(Local Mauritian Newspaper), 24 February 2014, "Piraterie : Chute des attaques sans conséquence sur les exportateurs",
[5] Earth Policy Institute. Lester R. Brown. August 08, 2012. Plan B Updates. Rising

Abstract: This paper is to correct the mistakes on the textual researches and interpretations as well as punctuations in the philological studies of ancient texts of Gu Shimin's epitaph in the Tang Dynasty'published in Cultural Relics of Central China in 2010.........

Key words: Shimin Gu; epitaph; article; corrections.

[1] Guo Hongtao, Deng Hongbin.(2010). Research and Explanation of Gu Shimin's Epitaph. Cultural Relics of Central China,2,88-90.
[2] Xu Shen.(2013).Analytical Dictionary of Characters.Beijing: Zhong Hua Book Company.
[3] 3.Zhu Junsheng(1984).Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng Beijing: Zhong Hua Book Company.

Abstract: In ancient India, women occupied a very important position, in fact a superior position to, men. It is a culture whose only words for strength and power are feminine -"Shakti'' means "power'' and "strength.'' All male power comes from the feminine. Literary evidence suggests that kings and towns were destroyed because a single woman was wronged by the state. For example, Valmiki's Ramayana teaches us that Ravana and his entire clan was wiped out because he abducted Sita. Veda Vyasa'sMahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public. ElangoAdigal'sSillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because PandyanNedunchezhiyan mistakenly killed her husband on theft charges. "In Hinduism, the momentous event of a foundation at one point in time, the initial splash in the water, from which concentric circles expand to cover an ever-wider part of the total surface, is absent.......

Keywords: Feminine, sakti, strength, humiliation, power.

[1] Brick, David (April–June 2010). "The Dharmasastric Debate On Widow Burning".Journal Of The American Oriental Society. 130 (2): 206–211.
[2] Sharma, Arvind (1988). Sati: Historical And Phenomenological Essays. Delhi: Motilalbanarsidass Publ. P. 102, Footnote 206. Isbn 9788120804647.
[3] Brick, David (April–June 2010). "The Dharmasastric Debate On Widow Burning".Journal Of The American Oriental Society. 130 (2): 212–213.
[4] Arvind Sharma (1988), Sati: Historical And Phenomenological Essays, Motilalbanarsidasspubl, Isbn 9788120804647, Page Xi, 86.