IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: The determination of some metals in the liver, kidney and tissue of cows was carried out in selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt. Four metals were determined (Mn, Ni, Fe and Cd, using Flame Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer, Agilent Technologies 55A, Model 55B. Analysis was done after digestion using standard procedures. The metal results were Cd (<0.001 μg/g liver, <0.001 μg/g Kidney, 3.20 – 29.60 μg/g in tissue with a mean of 18.08+13.15 μg/g); Mn (8.18 – 9.47μg/g, with a mean of 8.72 + 0.67 μg/g in the liver, 5.57 – 6.50 μg/g with a mean of 6.5+ 0.47 μg/g in the kidney, 1.93 – 3.86 μg/g in the tissue, with a mean of 2.79 + 0.99 μg/g). Ni (7.93 – 11.70 μg/g with a mean of 9.62 + 1.92μg/g in the liver, 1.70-3.30 μg/g with a mean 2.72 + 0.89μg/g kidney, Nd < 0.001 μg/g for tissue). Fe (512.67 – 723.20 μg/g, with a mean of 606.85+ 106.86 μg/g in the liver;..........

Keywords- Trace metals, Cow Tissue, Liver, Kidney, Port Harcourt.

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Abstract: Sustainable development is for the economical, societal and environmental sustainability for humankind to develop built environment. There are a lots of ways sustainability elements can be incorporated in services at local governments. Hence, capable staffs at local government are much needed. Importantly sustainability represents the link between society and built environment professionals. However, those links still unclear where built environment are still being developed in an unsustainable way and staff at local governments as well as society still unaware with the concept of sustainability. This gives huge impact to our environment and also human health. This paper focuses at the role of the Local Governments and how the staff play their roles towards sustainable development.....

Keywords: awareness, constraints, local governments, sustainable development.

[1] Hawkins, C. V., & Wang, X. (2012). Sustainable Development Governance: Citizen Participation and Support Networks in Local Sustainability Initiatives. Public Works Management & Policy. doi:10.1177/1087724X11429045
[2] Mohamed, S., Seow, T. W., & Goh, K. C. (2013). The management of sustainable development: Malaysian local government‟s role. MATRA (pp. 1–3). USM.
[3] Zimmermann, M. (2007). Local Governments and Sustainable Development. Environmental Policy Law, 37, 504–506.
[4] Li-yin, S, Vivian, T, Leona Y. T, Ying-bo, J, 2010. Project Feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice.
[5] Mohamed, S., Hilmi, M. A. I., Wee, S. T., & Chen, G. K. (2015). Preliminary Concept of Knowledge Transfer Practices towards Sustainable Development for Local Governments, 1–10

Abstract: Crime accompanies social life from its very beginning – it occurs in every society and in every stage of its development, regardless of its structure, system or historical period. Undoubtedly, crime is a consequence of many social and economic problems which constantly change, therefore there are so many controversial and unresolved issued connected with the influence of social and economical factors on crime. This article is an attempt to find an answer to whether the socio-economic factors clearly have a substantial impact on crime..............

Keywords: law, economy, crime, society.

[1] D. Woźniakowska - Fajst, Przestępczość dziś i jutro – stałość i zmienność struktury, [w] Społeczno - polityczne konteksty współczesnej przestępczości w Polsce, Warszawa 2013, s. 11.
[2] Por. W. Klaus, I. Rzeplińska, D. Woźniakowska – Fajst, Społeczny odbiór przestępczości, [w] Społeczno -polityczne konteksty współczesnej przestępczości w Polsce, Warszawa 2013, s. 343.
[3] Por. M. Szczepaniec, Kontrowersje wokół wpływu warunków ekonomicznych na poziom przestępczości, [w] Czasopismo prawa karnego i nauk penalnych, z. 4, Kraków 2011, s. 107.
[4] K. Buczkowski, Stan przestępczości w Polsce od roku 1918 do współczesności, [w] Społeczno - polityczne konteksty współczesnej przestępczości w Polsce, Warszawa 2013, s. 33 i n.
[5] A. Kossowska, Zmiana społeczna a przestępczość – wzajemne związki, uwarunkowania, konsekwencje, [w] Społeczno - polityczne konteksty współczesnej przestępczości w Polsce, Warszawa 2013, s. 73 i n.

Abstract: Usefulness and Likings are very important perceptions for learning every subject in the fields of education. As English is an official language taught in Pakistan as compulsory subject. Learning English is skill in Pakistan which is saleable and thought to be very useful by the world of academia. In Pakistan EFL students also love to study English as it is the status symbol and increases candidates significance for job interviews. The study was intended to find out perceptions regarding usefulness and likings of EFL students of secondary schools in Punjab Pakistan..........

Key words: Usefulness, Liking, Secondary level Student, Punjab, Pakistan.

[1] Abbas,S. (1993). The power of English in Pakistan. World Englishes 12(2), pp,147-56.
[2] Alkaff, A.A. (2013). Students‟ Attitudes and Perceptions towards Learning English. Arab World English Journal online, Vol.4(2), pp 106-121
[3] Al-Tamimi, A., & Shuib, M. (2009). Motivation and attitudes towards learning English: A Study of Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates at Hadhramout. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 9 (2), 15.
[4] Ammon, U.(2001).The Dominance of English as a Language of Science:Effects on Other Languages and Language Communities. Berlin; Newyork: Mounton de Gruyter.
[5] Crystal, D (1997,2003) English as a Global Language. Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: Ecological sustainability is rapidly deteriorating. People‟s ignorance of the non-disconnectable relationships between humans and nature is the main cause behind this ecological degradation. Baul philosophy spontaneously reflects this issue, underlying causes, and the possible solutions through Baul songs, discourses, and lifestyle. Followers of Baul philosophy are known as Bauls and they are the popular and globally recognized mentors for ecological knowledge to the people of Bangladesh. The Bouls are seen to practice stewardship in their lifestyle that can reinforce regeneration of ecological capitals. Boul songs reveal that it is human obligation to manage individual, social, economic, and ecological sustainability...........

Key words: Baul Philosophy, Ecological Sustainability, Urbanization, Bangladesh JEL Classification: Q56, Q57, R11.

[1] Al Quar‟an. (n.d.). Sura Humaja. 104: 2-4, Translated form.

[2] BBS. (2012). Community paper: Pabna Zila population and housing census 2011. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and Information Division, Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh

[3] Briffault, R. (1927). The Mother. Kessinger Publishing.

[4] Chowdhury, A. A. (2011). Lalon Shain O Uttarsuri [Lalon Shain and Generation]. Rodela Prokashani, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

[5] Costanza, R., Daly, H. E., Bartholomew, J. A. (1991). Agenda and policy recommendation for Ecological Economics, in Costanza, R. (ed.) Ecological Economics, Columbia University Press, New York. 1-21.

Abstract: The Indian Education System is driven by strong forces of preserving the constitutional mandate of creating a society enriched with Indian values, culture and ethics on one hand and the pull towards reaching international standards which promote science and technology driven society on the other. The importance to create 21st Century citizens has been identified as a strong need, but this acknowledgement is getting implemented in a manner which predicts to create educational inequality in the society- which means going against our national and constitutional goals. The present paper discusses this issue by throwing light on various companies that are creating expensive educational packages and making schools a market for their products. The elite schools who can afford the same, move levels higher than the mediocre schools - thus widening the already existing gap. The question is, are we moving in the right direction?

[1] Narsipur, P. (2013). Advocacy, 21st century skills for our children. Educast. Retrieved on June 6, 2016 from
[2] http://www.creyalearning.com/resources/Educast%20July%20-13_Creya.pdf
[3] P21 Framework definitions. (2015). The Partnership for 21st Century Learning. Retrieved on May 20, 2016 fromhttp://www.p21.org/storage/documents/P21_Framework_Definitions.pdf
[4] Tuli, S. (2015). How the flipped classroom model can work in India. The Financial Express. Retrieved on June 10, 2016 from http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/jobs/how-the-flipped-classroom-model-can-work-in-india/69072/
[5] N.A, (2014, August 14). DU school of open learning to adopt flipped classroom method. The Times of India. Retrieved on June 10, 2016 from.

Abstract: Global language and cultural communicative competency is an ever increasing requirement in our connected world. Learners of Arabic at the only five Australian universities where Arabic is taught have access to predominantly on-campus delivery modes. One of the main challenges learners face when learning another language (L2) in an academic setting in countries where that language is not actively used – so little L2 exposure – is that it is harder to provide meaningful contexts for learning. This restriction in L2 exposure in the formal academic framework is due to the limited face-to-face learning time and, more significantly, is compounded by lack of exposure to the language‟s authentic use settings. Students are often isolated from the target language‟s authentic discourse communities and native speakers. This situation is exacerbated for Cloud (online) students, studying in relative isolation. All of these factors make developing communicative oral fluency in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) moredifficult and challenging for many learners........

Key words: Arabic, Arabic Online, Blended Learning, Virtual Worlds..

[1] Ahearn, L. M. (2001). Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30, 109-137.
[2] Bonl., C. J., Kim, K-J. and Zeng, T. (2006). Future directions of blended learning in higher education and work-place settings. In Bonl., C. J. and Graham, C.R. (eds), The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp.550-567). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing Inc.
[3] Carr, D. Oliver, M., Burn, A. (2010). Learning, teaching and ambiguity in virtual worlds. In Researching Learning in Virtual Worlds. Peachey, A, Gillen, J, Livingstone, D, Smith-Robbins, S. (eds) UK : Springer.
[4] Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10–32. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x
[5] Dalgarno, B., Lee, M. J. W., Carlson, L., Gregory, S. & Tynan, B. (2011). An Australian and New Zealand scoping study on the use of 3D immersive virtual worlds in higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1), 1-15. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.

Abstract: There is a general assumption that every employee like to be recognized and appreciated, because they are everyday human innate need. Though, there has been extensive study on intrinsic motivational factors but still there still few studies on appreciation and recognition and how they can be well utilized in the organization to boost job satisfaction of employees. Thus, this paper aims to explore and examine previous literatures on employee intrinsic motivational factors and using those studies as background knowledge for this present study on employees‟ perception of recognition and appreciation and the influence it has on their job satisfaction, performance, productivity and commitment towards the organization goals and objectives. Recognition and appreciation which can also be refers to as intrinsic motivation are basic psychological process, therefore, becoming significance and inevitable to every human..........

Key words: Recognition, Appreciation, Job satisfaction, Job Performance, Psychological Effect, IT employees.

[1] Abdullah, M.&Afif. H. (2013). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study on the IT Firms in Palestine; Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 2, Issue. 8, (pp.67- 83).
[2] Ajila, C.O. (1997). Job Motivation and Attitude to Work as Correlates of Productivity among Workers in Manufacturing Companies in Lagos State. Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Department of Psychology O.A.U Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria.
[3] Allen R. & Helms M. (2002). "Employee perceptions of relationships between strategy rewards and organizational performance", Journal of Business Strategies, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 115-139.
[4] Andrew, D & Kent, R. (2007). The impact of perceived leadership behaviors on satisfaction, commitment, and motivation: An expansion of the multidimensional model of leadership ", International Journal of Coaching Science, 1(1), p 35-56.
[5] Andrew, D. P. S. & Kent, A. (2004). The Impact of Perceived Leadership Behaviors on Satisfaction, Commitment, and Motivation: An Expansion of the Multidimensional Model of Leadership. International Journal of Coaching Science, 1 (1), pp. 37-58..

Abstract: Indonesian government law politics in the national education sector is interesting to observe. One is when linked with the political direction of the government in the allocation of national education fund at least 20% of Revenue Expenditure Budget.This paper reveals the politics of law allocating funds from the national education ground norm to setting national education system. The result says that, the political direction of the Indonesian government to allocate funds for education in the legal construction of the National Development Plan and the National Education System is not yet in favor of the education sector as an instrument in the intellectual life of the nation...........

Key words: law politics, national education system

[1] Apeldoorn, Van. 1996. Introduction to Law. Jakarta, Pradnya Paramita.

[2] Friedman, Lawrence M., 1975. The Legal System: Social Science Perspective. New York, Russell Sage Foundation.

[3] Latif, Abdul dan Hasbi Ali, 2010. Law politics, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta.

[4] Mahfud MD, Moh. 1998. Political Law in Indonesia. First edition, Jakarta, LP3ES.

[5] Mahfud MD, Moh. 2008. Build Political Law Enforcing the Constitution, LP3ES, Jakarta