iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Cholecystectomy remains the most common cause of postoperative biliary injuries. Most common cause for these injuries is technical error or misinterpretation of the biliary anatomy. The mode of management, operative risks and outcomes vary considerably depending on the type of injury and its location. This study was done to analyse the different modes of presentation, the management techniques and outcomes following treatment of bile duct injury following laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 58 patients who presented with post-cholecystectomy biliary injuries at the Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Government General hospital, Chennai from.........

Keywords: Bile duct injury, Percutaneous catheter drainage, ERCP Stenting, Hepaticojejunostomy.

[1]. Bernard HR, Hartman TW. Complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. American journal of surgery. 1993 Apr 1;165(4):533-5.
[2]. Waage A, Nilsson M. Iatrogenic bile duct injury: a population-based study of 152 776 cholecystectomies in the Swedish Inpatient Registry. Archives of Surgery. 2006 Dec 1;141(12):1207-13.
[3]. Pottakkat B, Vijayahari R, Prakash A, Singh RK, Behari A, Kumar A, Kapoor VK, Saxena R. Incidence, pattern and management of bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy: experience from a single center. Digestive surgery. 2010;27(5):375-9.
[4]. Way LW, Stewart L, Gantert W, Liu K, Lee CM, Whang K, Hunter JG. Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective. Annals of surgery. 2003 Apr;237(4):460.
[5]. Davidoff AM, Pappas TN, Murray EA, Hilleren DJ, Johnson RD, Baker ME, Newman GE, Cotton PB, Meyers WC. Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Annals of surgery. 1992 Mar;215(3):196.

Abstract: Alcohol withdrawal is a common condition in alcohol dependence patients and complicated withdrawal is important as it is associated with seizures and delirium tremens and is reported to have high mortality. Identification of risk factors contributing to the development of complicated withdrawal will help in improving the clinical outcome by providing preventive and early management. Aim: To assess the risk factors for the development of complicated withdrawal in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Materials and Methods:This is....

Keywords: Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, Complicated Withdrawal, Delirium Tremens, Withdrawal Seizures, Uncomplicated Withdrawal.

[1]. McKeon, A., Frye, M. A., &Delanty, N. (2008). The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(8), 854-862.
[2]. Goodson, C. M., Clark, B. J., & Douglas, I. S. (2014). Predictors of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(10), 2664-2677.
[3]. Eyer, F., Schuster, T., Felgenhauer, N., Pfab, R., Strubel, T., Saugel, B., &Zilker, T. (2011). Risk assessment of moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal—predictors for seizures and delirium tremens in the course of withdrawal. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46(4), 427-433.
[4]. Maldonado, J. R., Sher, Y., Ashouri, J. F., Hills-Evans, K., Swendsen, H., Lolak, S., & Miller, A. C. (2014). The "Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale" (PAWSS): systematic literature review and pilot study of a new scale for the prediction of complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol, 48(4), 375-390.
[5]. Sarkar, S., Choudhury, S., Ezhumalai, G., &Konthoujam, J. (2017). Risk factors for the development of delirium in alcohol dependence syndrome: Clinical and neurobiological implications. Indian journal of psychiatry, 59(3), 300.

Abstract: Gratification disorder in children or infantile masturbation is a self genital stimulation to gratify one's self affecting both sexes commonly male. Onset ranges from 3 months to 5 years and in adolescents. Most episode in children lake direct hand stimulation of genitalia and manifest as dystonic posturing of lower limbs or rocking on floor or a chair, allowing pressure on genitalia/perineum a fact that make a diagnosis difficult to recognize. It has been mistaken for epilepsy, abdominal colic and paroxysmal dystonia or dyskinesia and children undergo unwarranted investigations and unwarranted treatment. Pediatricians are aware of the presence of the condition in infants and preadolescents..........

Key words: Gratification disorder, Infantile masturbation.

[1]. Nechay A, Ross LM, Stephenson JBP, O‟Regan M. Gratification Disorder (""Infantile Masturbation‟‟): A Review. Arch Dis Child 2004;89: 225–26. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.032102.
[2]. YangML,Fullwood E, Goldstein J, Mink JW. Masturbation in Infancy and Early Childhood Presenting as a Movement Disorder: 12 Cases and a Review of the Literature. Paediatrics 2005; 116: 1427-432. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0532.
[3]. Franić T, Franić IU. Infantile Masturbation - Exclusion of Severe Diagnosis Does Not Exclude Parental Distress - Case Report. PsychiatriaDanubina 2011; 23(4): 398-99.
[4]. GÜNDÜZ1 S, UŞAK2 E, YÜKSEL CN, EREN A. Early Childhood Masturbation. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2015; 23(2): 59-62.
[5]. Omran MS, Ghofrani M, Juibary AG. Infantile Masturbation and Paroxysmal Disorders. Indian J Pediatr 2008; 75(2): 183-85.

Abstract: Blindness has a significant impact on the socioeconomic development of individuals and societies in developing countries. In India, NPCB are playing an important role to control the blindness in India. This study, which includes 659 economically blind patients, was conducted at out patients department of ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi, within a month of duration. The main aim of this study was, to evaluate the various causes of economical blindness in Bundelkhand region. Both male and female patients, above 15 years were included in this study............

Keywords: Cataract, Corneal blindness, NPCB, Ophthalmoscopy, Perimetry, Refractive error, Visual acuity.

[1]. Ophthalmic research in ICMR. New Delhi: ICMR; [Last cited on 2016 Nov 01]. Indian Council for Medical Research. Available from: http://www.icmr.nic.in/oph-icmr.pdf

[2]. Thylefors B, Negrel AD, Pararajasegaram R, et al.(1995) Global data on blindness. Bull World Health Organ 7:115–121.

[3]. World Health Organization (1997) Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. (WHO, Geneva)(WHO/PBL/97.61 Rev 1).

[4]. Tasman W, Jaeger EA Dandona L, Foster A (2001) Patterns of blindness. in Duane's clinical ophthalmology . eds Tasman W, Jaeger EA(Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia) , Chapter 53.
[5]. Rahi JS, Sripathi S, Gilbert CE, Foster A. Childhood blindness in India: causes in 1318 blind school students in nine states.Eye 1995; 9: 545–550..

Abstract: The prosthetic management of the edentulous patient has long been a major challenge. Complete maxillary and mandibular dentures have been the traditional standard of care. However, most of the patients report problems adapting to their mandibular denture due to a lack of comfort, retention, stability and inability to masticate. Implant-supported overdentures have been a common treatment for edentulous patients for the past 20 years and predictably achieve good clinical results. Implant supported overdentures offer many practical advantages over conventional complete dentures and removable partial dentures. These include decreased bone resorption, reduced prosthesis movement, better esthetics, improved tooth position, better occlusion, increased occlusal function.....

[1]. Naert I, Alsaadi G, van Steenberghe D, et al. A 10-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants retaining mandibular overdentures: peri-implant outcome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:695- 702.
[2]. Naert I, Alsaadi G, Quirynen M. Prosthetic aspects and patient satisfaction with two-implant-retained mandibular overdentures: a 10-year randomized clinical study. Int J Prosthodont. 2004;17:401-10.
[3]. Timmerman R, Stoker GT, Wismeijer D, et al. An eight-year follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of participant satisfaction with three types of mandibular implant-retained overdentures. J Dent Res. 2004;83:630-3.
[4]. Oetterli M, Kiener P, Mericske-Stern R. A longitudinal study on mandibular implants supporting an overdenture: the influence of retention mechanism and anatomic-prosthetic variables on periimplant parameters. Int J Prosthodont. 2001;14: 536-42.
[5]. Cornell K. Lee, and John R. Agar. Surgical and prosthetic planning for a two-implant–retained mandibular overdenture: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;95:102-3..

Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apart from a number of biomarkers for diagnosis of coronary heart disease, leptin has recently been shown to be associated with the disease. Leptin is an adipose tissue derived protein. It helps in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Increased leptin levels has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The aim of our study is to estimate serum leptin levels in patients suffering from coronary artery diseases and in normal healthy individual. A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Department of Medicine, RIMS, Imphal. 24 cases and 24 controls were selected randomly irrespective.........

[1]. Wong ND. Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014;11(5):276–89.
[2]. Shanthi M, Puska P, Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization 2011;3–18.
[3]. Atkov OY, Gorokhova SG, Sboev AG, Generozov EV, Muraseyeva EV, Moroshkina SY,et al. Coronary heart disease diagnosis by artificial neural networks including genetic polymorphisms and clinical parameters. J Cardiol 2012 Mar;59(2):190-4.
[4]. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Heart. In: Mitchell RN, editor. Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2013. p. 327-64.
[5]. Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. Global, regional and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death,1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015 Jan 10;385(9963):117-71.

Abstract: Rhinoliths are rare entity in adults .They are calcareous concretions that are formed by the deposition of salts on an intranasal foreign body found as a chance finding (1-3). Nasal foreign bodies can either be endogenous or exogenous presented as progressive unilateral nasal obstruction ,rhinorrhea& epistaxis . Surgical removal is treatment of choice. We are reporting a case rhinolith in nasal cavity in an adult patient which is a rariety(1-3) .............

[1]. Brehmer D and Riemann R.The rhinolith -a possible differential diagnosis of a unilateral nasal obstruction. Case rep med 2010Jun;1-8.
[2]. Shah FA ,George S and Reghunanden N. A case presentation of a large rhinolith. Oman Med J. 2010Jul; 25(3):230-1.
[3]. Yaroko AA, Mohamad I, Hashim HZ.Rhinolith: an important cause of foul smelling nasal discharge.MalaysFam Physician 2014Apr; 9(1):30-2..

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of IEC on antenatal care and child health interventions on nutritional status of infants at 9 months of age. Material and Method: A cohort study conducted in a community among newborns born during the period of November 2011 to April 2012. IEC (Information, Education and Counseling) was given to their mothers from last three months of pregnancy till the newborns completed 9 months of age. This cohort was compared with another study conducted in the same field areas in which IEC only on child health services was provided. Results: More than half of the infants i.e. 58 (72.5 %) gained weight to reach within the normal range and 29 (54.72%) of infants in the comparison group were having normal weight for age at 9 months. Conclusion: IEC on combined antenatal care and child health services is essential for positive effect on nutritional status of infants.

[1]. Jose O Mora and Penelope S Nestel. Improving prenatal nutrition in developing countries: strategies, prospects, and challenges. [Accessed by URL no.] http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NUTRITION/Resources/281846-1100008449369/ImprovingPreNatalNutrition.pdf
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Abstract: 1Mesenteric ischemia is caused by blood flow that is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the visceral organs. The severity of ischemia and the type of organ involved depend on the affected vessel and the extent of collateral-vessel blood flow. Despite advances in the techniques used to treat problems in the mesenteric circulation, the most critical factor influencing outcomes in patients with this condition continues to be the speed of diagnosis and intervention. Although mesenteric ischemia is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain, accounting for less than 1 of every 1000 hospital admissions, an inaccurate or delayed diagnosis can result in catastrophic complications; mortality among patients.........

[1]. Clair DG, Beach JM. Mesenteric Ischemia. N Engl J Med 2016;374:959-68.
[2]. Ierardi AM, Tsetis D, Sbaraini S, et al. The role of endovascular therapy in acute mesenteric ischemia. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30 (4): 526-533.
[3]. Acosta S, Bjorck M. Modern treatment of acute mesenteric ischaemia. BJS 2014; 101: e100–e108.
[4]. Schoots IG, Levi MM, Reekers JA, et al. Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Mesenteric Artery Occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16:317–329.
[5]. Park WM, Gloviczki P, Cherry KJ, et al. Contemporary management of acute mesenteric ischemia, Factors associated with survival. J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 445-52..

Abstract: Menopause increases cardiovascular disease risk in women, and rural women are thought to be partially immune and better off than their urban counterparts. In support of this belief,our study was conducted to assess the cardiovascular disease risk by noting Blood Pressure, ECG changes and BMI measurements in 158 rural and urban peri- and postmenopausal women from different districts of West Bengal, India. About 50% of urban women were found to be overweight and almost another one-fifth of them obese, with an average BMI of 26.32 ± 0.45, an alarming evidence of increasing obesity with urbanization. Data shows that while 64% of urban population were hypertensive......

Key Words: BMI, Cardiovascular diseases, Hypertension, Ischemia, Perimenopause

[1]. N. Panay, Menopause and the postmenopausal woman, in D.K.Edmonds, Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 7 (Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007) 479-95.
[2]. J.E.Manson, S.S. Bassuk, Menopause and postmenopausal Hormone therapy, in D.L. Kasper, A.S. Fauci, S.L. Hauser, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19 (New York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015) 2381-87.
[3]. J.Loscalzo, Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardivascular Disease, in D.L. Kasper, A.S. Fauci, S.L. Hauser, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19 (New York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015) 1439-41.
[4]. J.T. Dwyer, K.J. Melanson, Dietary treatment of Obesity, in Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., Endotext [Internet](South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-), available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278991/.
[5]. JNC 8 Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in Adults, in Practice Guidelines, Am Fam Physician, 90(7), 2014, 503-504.available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1001/p503.html

Abstract: LASERS have been commercially used in medicine since several decade. The main advantage of bloodless fields and painless surgical procedure with better healing has accelerated the use of Lasers in periodontics. Lasers have provided us with a potential alternative to simultaneously remove the diseased soft tissues and target the microorganisms as well as stimulate wound healing. A laser generates a precise beam light concentrated with energy. Every Laser technology is engineered to perform specific special functions without changing or damaging the surrounding tissues. This is an exciting field with many promising possibilities to be investigated and represents an area that may ultimately prove to be rich with utility in the context of periodontics

Keywords: Laser, Nd:YAG laser, diode laser, Er:YAG, carbon dioxide laser, low level laser therapy, LANAP, LAPIP.

[1]. ADA.org, "Statement on Lasers in Dentistry‟ 2009. http://www.ada.org/en/about-the-ada/ada-positions-policies-and-statements/statement-on-lasers-in-dentistry N.p.2015.
[2]. Gould, R. Gordon (1959). "The LASER, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". In Franken, P.A. and Sands, R.H. (Eds.). The Ann Arbor Conference on Optical Pumping, the University of Michigan, 15 June through 18 June 1959. p. 128.
[3]. Maiman TH. Stimulated optical radiation in ruby. Nature 1960;187:493‑4.
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Abstract: Probiotic is a living microorganism confer a health benefit including oral health benefits by producing bacteriocin. This study aims to analyze the salivary pH difference and Streptococcus mutans count before and after consumption of probiotic and non-probiotic milk. The study was conducted with 60 students aged 12-15 years old, randomly classified to two groups by purposive design. Test group consisted of 30 students consuming probiotic milk and the other 30 consuming non-probiotic milk. Saliva samples were collected by spitting method at baseline, 3 days and 7 days after the intervention. Salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Streptococcus mutans was cultured in TYCSB media and incubated in an anaerobic jar for 2x24 hours. The mean salivary........

Keywords: non-probiotic, probiotic milk, salivary pH, Streptococcus mutans

[1]. Nozari A, Motamedifar M, Seifi N, Hatamizargaran Z, Ranjbar MA. The effect of Iranian customary used probiotic yogurt on the children's salivary cariogenic microflora. Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dent J, 2015;16(2):81-6.
[2]. Soendoro T. Riset kesehatan dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Jakarta: 60-5.
[3]. Cagetti MG, Mastroberardino S, Milia E, Cocco F, Lingstrom P, Campus G. The use of probiotic strains in caries prevention: A Systematic Review. Nutrients J,2013; 5: 2531-2.
[4]. Javid ZA, Amerian E, Basir L, Ekrami A, Hagbihi-Zadeh MH. Effects of short-term consumption of probiotic yogurt on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli levels in 18-30 years old students with initial stages of dental caries in Ahvaz City. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 2015; 2(2): 7-12.
[5]. Tahmourespour A. Probiotics and the reduction of dental caries risk. In eds: Contemporary Approach to Dental Caries. Intech, Rijeka, 2012: 271-84....

Abstract: Most oral and oropharyngeal lesions are innocuous and can be indisputably recognised and named based upon their clinical appearance alone. However, some lesions are difficult to identify and require a biopsy. Small percentage of these lesions may be premalignant or even malignant. If left untreated, lesions soon progress to dysplasia and then to carcinoma in situ. To stop this progress early diagnosis and intervention is of essential, which also reduces the morbidity and mortality. Complete excision and reconstruction is the choice of treatment for dysplastic lesions. Here we present a case report of 60 year old male with carcinoma in situ of soft palate, which was reconstructed with split thickness skin graft.........

Keywords: Leukoplakia, Dysplasia, Carcinoma in situ, Reconstruction.

[1]. A study of the clinical characteristics and treatment of oral carcinoma in situ. Amagasa et al. Oral Surg. July. 1985Volume 60 Number I.
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[5]. Update on Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Progression to Cancer Paul M. Speight; Head and Neck Pathol (2007) 1:61–66..

Abstract: Background: Epilepsycould be a common nervous disorder. It's calculable that there square measure a minimum of 1.5 to 2 million brain disease patients in Bangladesh3. Several of those patients square measure plagued by uncontrolled brain disease that results in psychological feature deterioration, psychosocial disfunction and exaggerated morbidity and mortality. The causes behind uncontrolled brain disease square measure complex. Some square measure patient-related, some physician-related and a few square measure medication-related. Objective: the aim of the current study was to spot the factors liable for uncontrolled brain disease. Methodology: This case-control study was dispensed within the brain disease clinic of the Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka..........

Keywords: Common Factors; Uncontrolled Epilepsy; Bangladesh.

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[3]. International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). 2011. Epilepsy in Bangladesh: News and Updates, section regions, South East Asia, text pattern category import. Available from: http://www.ibe-epi-lepsy.org/epilepsy-in-bangladesh/
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