iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: Background: Despite breast abscess becoming less common in developed countries, it has remained one of the leading causes of morbidity in women in developing countries. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at RIMS hospital complex in Ranchi jharkhand to establish whether ultrasound guided needle aspiration is a feasible alternative treatment option for breast abscesses.
Results: A total of 130 females with breast abscess were analyzed, of these 66 patients were randomized into the ultrasound guided needle aspiration and......

Keywords:Breast abscess; Ultrasound guided needle aspiration; Surgical drainage;

[1]. Ioannis H, Nigel JB: Acute infection of the breast. Medicine publishing company Ltd 2002. Surgery on CD-Rom 1997-2002
[2]. Rassmussen NR, Bilchet-Toft M: Primary periareolar abscess in the Non-lactating breast risk of recurrence. AMJ Surg 1987, 153:571-573. Publisher Full Text
[3]. Benson EA: Management of breast abscesses. World J Surg 1989, 13:753-756. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
[4]. Dener C, Inan A: Breast abscesses in lactating women. World J Surg 2003, 27:130-133. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
[5]. Schwarz RJ, Shrestha R: Needle aspiration of breast abscesses. AMJ Surg 2001, 182:117-119. Publisher Full Text.

Abstract: Background: aim of this study was to determine the proportion and type of hypothyroidism in patients with β-thalassemia major. Methods: This study was conducted in department of Pediatrics, Sir Padampat Mother & Child Health Institute, SMS medical college, Jaipur. It was a Hospital based cross sectional study for a period of 12 months from April 2015 to march 2016. Cases with confirmed diagnosis of β-thalassemia major that were on regular blood transfusions and 3 to 18 years of age (both sexes) and free from any other chronic diseases were included. Patients were subjected to a detailed history and physical examination. Blood samples for hemogram, serum ferritin level, S. Free T4, T3 and TSH level, Anti-TPO Antibody levels were taken. Results: The study included 90 children of both sexes with thalassemia major within age-group 3-18 years. Out of these 69 (76.67%) were male...........

[1]. Rund D, Rachmilewitz E. Beta–thalassemia. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353:1135-46. [2]. De Sanctis V, Eleftheriou A, Malaventura C. Thalassemia International Federation Study Group on Growth and Endocrine Complications in Thalassemia. Prevalence of endocrine complications and short stature in patients with thalassemia major: Amulticenter study by the Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF). PediatrEndocrinol Rev. 2004; 2(2):249-55. [3]. H. Landau, I. Matoth, Z. Landau-Cordova, A. Goldfarb, E. A. Rachmilewitz and B.Glaser. Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Study of the Pituitary and Thyroid amongPatients with Thalassemia Major. Clinical Endocrinology. 1993; 38(1):55-61.
[4]. Italian Working Group on Endocrine Complications in Non-Endocrine Disease.Multicentre Study on Prevalence of Endocrine Complications in Thalassemia Major.Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf). 1995;42(6):581-6.
[5]. S. Mariotti, F. Pigliaru, M. C. Cocco, A. Spiga, S. Vaquer and M. E. Lai. β-Thalassemia and Thyroid Failure: Is There a Role for Thyroid Autoimmunity. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews. 2011;8(2):307-9..

Abstract: For every disease condition, prevention is better than cure is the good choice. By properly having self-hygienic and good sanitation measures can solve many problems and the liver abscess is one of the condition falls under this category. Although the symptoms are quite normal like fever, abdominal pain, jaundice etc., these only leads to the worsening of the situation and improper diagnosing and the inappropriate treatment may cause worsening of situation, sometimes it may be fatal too. In our study we considered 11 male patients who are completely alcoholics and 8 of them are smokers, presented with fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, tenderness and other comorbid conditions. The mid-summers and alcohol consumption are found to be one of the leading cause........

KEYWORDS: liver abscess*, percutaneous catheter drainage techniques*, antimicrobial therapy*, alcohol consumption, hepatic enzymes, comorbid situations

[1]. https://www.americanjournalsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(38)90618-X/pdf Pyogenic abscess of the liver II. An analysis of forty-seven cases with review of the literature Alton Ochsner, M.D. (Professor of Surgery) 1, Michael DeBakey, M.D. (Instructor in Surgery) 1, Samuel Murray, M.D. (Assistant in Surgery) 1 [cross ref]

[2]. Role of alcoholism in liver abscess. C. Stalin Raja*, P. Karthick Stalin Raja C et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014 Nov; 2(4):1313-1319.

[3]. Epidemiology and clinical outcome of pyogenic liver abscess: an analysis from National Health Insurance Research database of Taiwan 2000-2011. Yung Chun Chen a, Ching-Henglinb, Shih-Ni changb, Zhi-Yuan Shia, c,*

[4]. Malik AA, Bari SUL, Rouf KA, Wani KA. Pyogenic liver abscess: Changing patterns in approach. World J Gastrointestinal Surg. 2010; 2(12):395-401.[cross ref] [5]. Heneghan HM, Healy NA, Martin ST, Ryan RS, Nolan N, Traynor O, et al. Modern management of pyogenic hepatic abscess: a case series and review of the literature. BMC Research Notes. 2011; 4:80.[cross ref]...

Abstract: Objectives: To study the incidence of postmenopausal bleeding in our setup and etiological factors of PMB along with different methods of investigation considering the resources available in evaluation of etiological factors of postmenopausal bleeding. Methods: This is a prospective study .One hundred and six women ≥45 years of age with at least one year of cessation of menses with one or more episodes of bleeding and without any clinically identifiable suspicious lesion anywhere were enrolled.They were initially subjected to cervical cytology, endometrial biopsy , TVS and subsequently to fractional curettage and cervical biopsy. Standard formulae for calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive......

Keywords: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), atrophic endometritis, endometrial cancer, Cancer cervix.

[1]. Jonathan S. Berek. NovaksGynaecology. Fifteenth edition,2012.
[2]. Wong S.F.; Lukk.L.;WongA.Y.K.;Tang L.C.H-Findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding with hysteroscopy. Journal of Obstetrics & gynecology:Vol-21,No4,July2001,pp392-395(4).
[3]. Thomas Gredmark,Sonia K Vintetal-Histopathological findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding; British Journal of Obstetrics &Gynecology;vol-102,Feb 1995,pp133-136.
[4]. Lawrence P.O'Connel, Melissa H.Friesetal-Triage of abnormal postmenopausal bleeding: A comparison of endometrial biopsy and transvaginalsonohysterography versus fractional curettage with hysteroscopy; American Journal of ObstetGynecol; 1998; vol-178, No-5, pp956-961.
[5]. Gull B, Carlsson S.A, Karlsson B et al-Transvaginalultrasononography of the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding: Is it always necessary to perform endometrial biopsy? American Journal of ObstetGynecol; 2000; vol-182, No-3, pp509-515..

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Propofol is commonly used induction agent for general anesthesia as well as for sedation in and outside operation room. Pain on injection is one of the major disadvantages with an incidence upto 90%. Various modalities have been tried in the past and in the present to obtund the pain on injection of propofol but the search for the ideal modality continue. This study has been designed to assess the effect of dilution of propofol with 5% dextrose on the pain at the injection site. Methods: Double blind randomized study was conducted in 150 patients of both genders belonging to ASA I and II posted for elective surgeries.......

Key words:- Dilution, injection, pain, propofol

[1]. Price ML, Walmsley A, Swaine C, Ponet J. Comparison of a total intravenous anesthetic technique using propofol infusion with the inhalational technique using isoflurane for day care surgery. Anesthesia 1988;43(suppl):84-87.
[2]. 2. Kam E,Abdul-Latif MS, Mc Cluskey A. Comparison of propofol-Lipuro with propofol mixed with lidocaine 10mg on propofol injection pain. Anaesthesia 2004;59:1167-9.
[3]. Devlin JW, Lau AK, Tanios MA. propofol associated hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis in the intensive care unit: An analysis of frequency and risk factors. Pharmacotherapy:2005vol 2:21-27.
[4]. King SY, Davis FM, Wells JE, Murchison DJ, Pryor PJ. Lidocaine for the prevention of pain due to injection of propofol. Anesth A nalg 1992;74:246-9.

[5]. Reddy MS, Chen FG, NgHP. Effect of ondensetron pretreatment on pain after rocuronium and propofol injection: A randomized double blind controlled comparision with lidocaine. Anaesthesia 2001;56:902-5.

Abstract: Diabetes is a well-established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases in western countries. I n 1993, the World Health Organization(WHO) Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group published standardized global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in adults, based on data from 75 communities in 32 countries. The measurement of HbA1c /glycohaemoglobin in blood has become the gold standard for the long-term control of the glycaemic state of diabetic patients as presented in the DCCT and UKPDS studies. A total of 63 patients were studied which comprised of 39 females and 24 males.HbA1c of all the samples was estimated by both HPLC method (Bio- Rad D-10) and by nepehlometric method (Mispa-i ).The results shows that the values from the two methods shows excellent comparison which is statistically significant (r = 0.9987, p < .0001).So the results from the present study suggests that the POCT instrument can be routinely be used for the detection of glycatedheamoglobin as it gives comparable results with the NGSP certified HPLC method.

Key words:- HPLC, HbA1c, Diabetes mellitus, Nephelometry

[1]. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:977–86.
[2]. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. Br Med J 2000; 321:405–11
[3]. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA):WB Saunders; 1999.
[4]. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Diabetes Guidelines.EndocrPract. 2002;8:S1.
[5]. CDC National Diabetes Fact Sheet, United States, 2005.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cases of a foreign body ingestion often require surgical treatment due to perforation or penetration. There is a possibility that dental prostheses, especially the sharp components can cause serious adverse events when they are ingested. PRESENTATION OF A CASE: We report a rare case of small intestinal perforation caused by a dental prosthesis wire that warranted surgical management. A 32-year-old gentleman was brought to our hospital with the chief complaint of vague abdominal discomfort of 1 month duration. A computed tomography scan demonstrated finding of small intestinal perforation, and a high-density object was seen in the jejunum traversing the bowel wall. During surgery, it was discovered that a metal dental prosthesis wire had caused the perforation. DISCUSSION: Dental prosthesis wires can cause serious morbidity due to high propensity for perforation........

Key words:- Ingested foreign body, Dental prosthesis, laparoscopy-assisted minilaparotomy, SCARE consensus

[1]. Agha, R.A., Fowler, A.J., Saetta, A., Barai, I., Rajmohan, S., Orgill, D.P., and for the SCARE Group. The SCARE statement: consensus-based surgical case report guidelines. Int. J. Surg. 2016; 34: 180–186

[2]. Kapil, N., Kalayarasan, R., Biju, P., Sandip, C., &Senthil, G. (2018, May). Laparoscopic Removal of an Ingested Foreign Body with Transesophageal Migration into the Mediastinum.

[3]. Mitsui, E., Inaba, M., & Mimura, T. (2018, August 13). Peritonitis with small intestinal perforation caused by a plastic bread bag clip: A case report.

[4]. Zhu, R., Jian, Z., & Yu, H. (2018, June). Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic-assisted technique for removal of ileocecal foreign body.

[5]. Sposato, L. A., & Reddy, C. (2018, March 25). A rare case of rectal perforation from an accidentally swallowed foreign body.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Foley's Catheter is currently the mainstay as far urinary bladder drainage is concerned. Being a blind procedure, at times it is associated with injuries of the part of urinary tract it traverses, most common being urethra. Rarest of the rare foley's catheter associated injuries is inadvertent ureteral injury. Only isolated cases have been reported. PRESENTATION OF A CASE:A 46 year old gentleman, a known case of pan urethral stricture, contracted bladder presented to the ER of our institute with the chief complaint of severe pain abdomen following foley's catheterisation. On evaluation, it was discovered that the foley's catheter had entered left ureteric orifice and the inflated balloon was in the distal left ureter. Patient was managed with left DJ stent placement. Recovery was uneventful........

Key words:- ureteral foley's, foley's related injuries, inadvertent ureteral catheterisation, ureteral injury

[1]. Kevin S Baker, B. D. (2013). Ureteral rupture from aberrant Foley catheter. Genitourinary Radiology, 33-40.
[2]. Selzman AA, S. J. (1996). Iatrogenic ureteral injuries: a 20-year experience in treating 165 injuries. J Urol, 878-88.
[3]. St Luce S, Ninan AC, Hall JA, Kimberl IJ, Petros JA, Issa MM. Role of transrectal ultrasonography in diagnosis and treatment of retained Foley catheter. Urology. May 2005;65(5):1001.
[4]. Bradley W. Anderson, Andrew C. Greenlund. Ureteral Cannulation as a Complication of Urethral Catheterization. Korean J Urol 2014;55:768-771.
[5]. Singh NP, Eardley I. An uncommon complication of urethral catheterization. Br J Urol 1996;77:316-7.

Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) represent a wide range of functional changes and pathological conditions affecting both the jaw joint itself and the chewing muscles and, ultimately, all the other components of the maxillofacial system. Arthrocentesis is a very gentle method for lavage of the joint space. The principle consists in the introduction of a pair of needles into the upper joint space and subsequent lavage using physiological saline or Ringer's solution. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint is used in both cases of acute closed lock and treatment of various temporomandibular disorders.

[1]. Rudiger E, Ansgar R (2004) Determining predictor variables for treatment outcome of Arthrocentesis and hydraulic distension of TMJ. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:816–823 Surg 64:949–951
[2]. Christopher R, Katzberg RW, Espelandl MA (1991) The clinical predictability of internal derangements of temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71:412–414
[3]. Emshoff R, Rudisch A (2003) Are internal derangement and osteoarthritis linked to changes in clinical outcome measures of a rthrocentesis of temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1162–1167
[4]. Emshoff R, Rudisch A, Gassner R (2000) Effect of arthrocentesis and hydraulic distension on the temporomandibular joint disc position. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 89:271–277
[5]. Kaplan AS, Assael LA (1991) Temporomandibular disorders: diagnosis and treatment, 1st edn. W B Saunder's & Company, Philadelphia, pp 143 –160

Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is becoming very common complicationamong pregnant women and higher cause of morbidity and mortality.Maternal serum lipids are significantly elevated during pregnancy.Women who develop preeclampsia experience even more lipid changes as compare to normal pregnant women. Aims and Objective: To compare serum levels of lipid profile (STG,TC, HDL-C,VLDL, LDL) in preeclamptic pregnant women compared with normotensive pregnancy. Material and method: The study was conducted inGeetanjali MedicalCollegeand hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan .The duration of this study was from January 2014 to December 2014........

Key words:- Dyslipidemia, Endothelium, Hypertension, , Oxidative Stress, Preeclampsia

[1]. RubinaAziz ,TabassumMahboob. Pre-eclampsia and lipid profile: Pak J Med
[2]. Sci:2007:23(5):751-754
[3]. Williams OBSTETRICS, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. McGraw-Hill 2009. 23rd Edition
[4]. Alice Wang, SaroshRana, and S. AnanthKarumanchi. Preeclampsia: The Role of Angiogenic Factors in Its Pathogenesis: Physiology: 2009:24:147-158
[5]. Carl A.Hubel. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: Experimental Biology And Medicine: 1999:222(3):222-235

Abstract: Background: Many systemic disorders have been seen in association with OLP and have been attributed to the causation of OLP. Recently hypothyroidism has been associated with OLP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between OLP and hypothyroidism by measuring the thyroid hormone levels in OLP patients. Materials and methods: 56 OLP patients were selected from the outpatient clinic of oral medicine and radiology Results: There was positive correlation between OLP and hypothyroidism in the present study. 26.8% of OLP patient had Hypothyroidism. Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that thyroid profile should be routinely done in OLP patients to rule out hypothyroidism in oral lichen planus patient.

Key words:- Oral lichen planus, hypothyroidism, thyroid

[1]. Gupta and Jawanda: Oral lichen planus. An Update on Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015; 60(3)
[2]. N. Mollaoglu. Oral lichen planus: a review. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2000) 38, 370–377
[3]. K. Srinivas, K. Aravinda, P. Ratnakar, Nitin Nigam, Siddharth Gupta. Oral lichen planus - Review on etiopathogenesis. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery | Vol 2 | Issue 1 | Jan-Jun 2011
[4]. FatemehLavaee1 ,MarjanMajd 2. Evaluation of the Association between Oral Lichen Planus and Hypothyroidism: a Retrospective Comparative Study. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci., 2016 March; 17(1): 38-42.
[5]. Dan Li 1†, Jin Li1†, Chunlei Li 1 ,Qianming Chen 2 and Hong Hua1. Thyroid Disease in OLP. Frontiers in Endocrinology. November 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 310

Abstract: Aim: to determine the preoperative causes and rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy. Methods: This hospital based, open prospective observational study was carried out over a period of 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. All patients between 18-80 years of age with symptomatic cholelithiasis and opted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included carcinoma gall bladder, perforation of the gall bladder, common bile duct stones, unfit for general anaesthesia, previous abdominal surgery, chronic liver disease and post ERCP patients. Results: Out of 150 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 22 ( 14.67% ) patients were converted to open cholecystectomy. Majority of the study subjects belonged to 41 – 50 year age group and most were female.............

Key words:- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, conversion

[1]. Baily R, Zucker K, et al: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy : Ann Surg 1991; 214 : 531- 536.
[2]. Baily R, Zucker K, et al: Laporascopic cholecystectomy : Ann Surg 1991; 214 : 537- 541.
[3]. Bartum et al: Ultrasonic and radiographic cholecystography 1977; New Engl. J Med. 296: 538 – 541.
[4]. Bhansali SK: " Management of Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis"-Indian Journal of Surgery. 1976; Vol 38; 436 – 453.
[5]. Cameron JC, Gadaez TR.:Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 1991; 213; 1-2.

Abstract: Background: The Aristotle has been given the credit of being the first to describe visceral injury from non penetrating trauma. Most of the ancient accounts concerns about penetrating organ injuries and their well known Mortality. Aim: 1.Age/sex distribution 2. Type of injury (blunt injury / penetrating injury) 3.Organ involvement............

Key words:- Trauma, Blunt Injury abdomen, Tachycardia

[1]. Sabiston's textbook of surgery, 18th edition, section II, chapter 20. 2007;477-520.
[2]. Swartz's principles of surgery, 9th edition, chapter 9th, Schwartz, Seymour I, Brunicardi, F Charles. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division, c201; 1928:135-196.
[3]. Trauma manual by Peitzman, Rhodes, Schwab, Yealy, Fabian, 2nd edition; 2002.
[4]. Bailey and Love's short practice of surgery,18th edition, chapter 21-30; 1981:271-428.
[5]. Trauma manual by Mattox, Felliciano, Moore, 5th edition; 2004.

Abstract: Leukemia is common malignancy of white cell lineage of hematopoietic system.It affects individuals of any age group. Leukemia is also manifested in oral cavity. Apart from primary oral manifestations due to leukemia in oral cavity, there are numerous adverse effects of anti neoplastic therapy and stem cell transplantation, in these patients. Oral complications can compromise the protocols of chemotherapy, possibly making it necessary to decrease the administered dose, to change the treatment protocol, or even discontinuation of antineoplastic..........

Key words:- Leukemia, Oral Manifestations, Dental considerations

[1] Manisha pokharel, Leukemia: A Review Article:IJARPB, 2012; Vol.2 (3):397-407.
[2] Hematological malignancies, Basic pathology by Robinn's; p 1087.

[3] Daniel A. Arber et al; The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia; Blood 2016 127:2391-2405

[4] Caroline Zimmermann et al; Dental Treatment in Patients with Leukemia;Journal of Oncology:Volume 2015, Article ID 571739, 14 pages
[5] Franch AM et al; Oral manifestations and dental management of patient with leukocyte alterations. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011; 3(1):53-59

Abstract: Hepatic Tuberculoma is a rarely diagnosed clinical entity. We present a case of 26 year old female who presented with high grade fever and loss of weight. Blood investigation showed raised alkaline phosphatase levels. Initial imaging showed a multisepatated cystic lesion with peripheral enhancement suggestive of abscess. Percutaneous drainage failed and started on empirical antibiotics. Patient continued to have fever and hence image guided biopsy was done twice which was not conclusive. Due to strong suspicion of non neoplastic etiology, third biopsy was done which showed granulomatous inflammation. Patient was started on Anti Tubercular Treatment ATT and she improved symptomatically. This case highlights the importance of repeated biopsy to confirm the nature.......

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