iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect extrapulmonary sites such as cervical lymph nodes. Objectives: It is a cross-sectional observational study done with the objective to evaluate the cytomorphologic features in cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis which showed positivity for acid fast bacilli. Frequency in relation to age, sex, and caste and site predilection was estimated. Material and methods: Clinical features of all patients suspected of cervical TB presenting for Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were recorded. FNAC was done with 23 gauge needle. Appearance of aspirate was noted. Smears were stained by Haematoxylin Eosin (H&E) for morphology and Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) stain for Acid Fast Bacilli. Detailed cytomorphologic.........

Keywords: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, Tuberculous lymphadenitis

[1]. Fontanella J-M, Barnes A, Fordham von Reyn C. Current diagnosis and management of peripheral tubercuous lymphadenitis, Clin Infect dis.2011, 53(6):555-562.
[2]. Bhattacharya S, CV Raghuveer and P Adhikary. FNAC diagnosis of Tuberculosis in eight year study at Bangalore, Indian J Med SCi 1998;52(11):498-506.
[3]. Gunasekaran N, Krishnan R, Raja KK, Kumar AR. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. SRM J Res Dent Sci 2015;6:126-8
[4]. https://www.tbfacts.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/TB-India-2017. pdf. assessed on 05062019.
[5]. Das D K. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lesions. Laboratory Medicine 2000, 31(11)525-532.
[6]. Singh J.P. et al. Role of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. IJPM. 1989, 32,101-104..

Abstract: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are defined as the presence of viable infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream causing clinical illness (1) They are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide (2). The term bloodstream infection and bacteraemia are synonymously used which generally refer to the significant growth of a microorganism in a blood culture obtained from the patient with clinical signs of infection (3). Wide range of organisms have been isolated in BSIs, which include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among Gram-negative bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci among Gram..........

[1]. C. Viscoli, ―Bloodstream Infections: the peak of the iceberg,‖ Virulence, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 248–251, 2016.
[2]. A. K. Aung, M. J. Skinner, F. J. Lee, and A. C. Cheng, ―Changing epidemiology of bloodstream infection pathogens over time in adult non-specialty patients at an Australian tertiary hospital,‖ Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. E333–341, 2012.
[3]. K. B. Laupland, ―Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies,‖ Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 492–500, 2013.
[4]. Mehta M, Dutta P, Gupta V. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood isolates from a teaching hospital in north India. Jpn J Infect Dis 2005;58:174-6.
[5]. Kaistha N, Mehta M, Singla N, Garg R, Chander J. Neonatal septicemia isolates and resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital of North India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009;4:55-7.

Abstract: HIV infection in sexually active women is a sensitive marker to track course of HIV epidemics. Pregnant women represent low risk population, so prevalence in pregnant women is proxy to HIV seroprevalence in general population. The study aims at determining seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal women with their demographic characteristics. A retrospective study was done among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital for six years from March 2013 to March2019. Pre-test counselling, HIV testing, and post-test counselling were done as per NACO guidelines. Antiretroviral........

Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Pregnant, Seroprevalence

[1]. Royce RA, Sena A, Cates W, Cohen M. Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med. 1997;15:1072-8.
[2]. Department of AIDS Control.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. NACO Annual Report 2010-2011.
[3]. India HIV Estimations 2015: Technical Report (NACO, ICMR). Available at: naco.gov.in>sites.default.files.India
[4]. Department of AIDS Control.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. NACO Annual Report 2015-2016
[5]. Zaba B, Boerma T, White R, Monitoring the AIDS epidemic using HIV prevalence data among young women attending
[6]. Boerma JT, Ghys PD, Walker N, Estimates of HIV-1 prevalence from national population-based surveys as a new gold standard. Lancet Lond Engl. 2003;362(9399):1929-31.

Abstract: Background: Lungs are most commonly affected organs worldwide and show varied pathologies like infections and inflammation to neoplasia. Autopsy findsout the cause and manner of death. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the histopathological spectrum of lung lesions in autopsy. Methods: It is a retrospective study done on 32 cases received in the department of pathology, Siddhartha medical college, Vijayawada. Lung tissue bits those received were fixed in 10% formalin and processed, paraffin embedded and stained with Haematoxylin....

Keywords: Lung lesions, Autopsy, Emphysema

[1]. Jhon E Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition, Elsevier: Saunders, 2015.
[2]. Kumar Abbas, Aster, Robbins, Cotran. Pathologic basis of disease. South Asia Ed. Vol 2, Elsevier:2014 .
[3]. Kasper, Fauci, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, Loscalzo. Harrison‟s principles of internal medicine, 19th ed. Vol 2, McGraw Hill; Indian edition: 2015.
[4]. Bal MS, Sethi PS, Suri AK, Bodal VK, Kaur G. Histopathological pattern in lung autopsies. JPAFMAT.2008;8(2):29-31.
[5]. Kurawar Rr and Vasaikar MS. Spectrum of histomorphological changes in lungs. Ann Pathol Laboratory Med 2017;04(1):106-12..

Abstract: Background: perforation peritonitis still leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the present era of modern surgery. The objective of study was to evaluate pathophysiology and its outcomes associated with perforation peritonitis. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, between June 2016 and Dec 2017. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in these studies. Results: A total of 60 patients of perforation peritonitis were included in the study with 40% of patients belong to age group of 31 to 40 years. The most common etiology was Peptic ulcer disease (37%), enteric perforation (30%) and Tubercular (16%). Conclusions: most of the patients of perforation peritonitis required aggressive resuscitation, correction of electrolyte imbalance and early surgical intervention.

Key Word: laprotomy, Perforation peritonitis, pain abdomen

[1]. Jeremy Thompson. The peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and retroperitoneal Space. Russell RCG, Williams NS, Burtrode CJK. In: Bailey and Love's short practice of surgery. New York: Arnold; 2004 p.1133-1152.
[2]. Jhobta RS, Attri AK, Kaushik R, et al. Spectrum of perforation peritonitis in India-review of 504 consecutive cases. World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2006;1:26.
[3]. Adesunkanmi ARK, Badmus TA, Fadiora FO, Agbakwuru EA. Generalized peritonitis secondary to typhoid ileal perforation: Assessment of severity using modified APACHE II score. Indian J Surg. 2005; 67: 29-33.
[4]. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, McLean PH. Prognosis in generalized peritonitis. Relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg. 1983;118:285-90.
[5]. Wani RA, Parray FQ, Bhat NA, et al. Nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation. World J Emerg Surg 2006;1:7..

Abstract: Background: The exact histopathological diagnosis of skin disorders is most important because the treatment is different for various skin disorders but presenting with same clinical presentation. Thus biopsy is mandatory in various skin disorders to confirm diagnosis and for specific treatment. The main objective was to analyse the histopathological profile of skin disorders presenting to the dermatology department of the hospital, determine age and sex distribution of various skin disorders and to identify the most common disorders and also the most common subtypes which are.........

Key Words: Punch biopsy, Hypopigmented lesion, Hansens disease.

[1]. Burns D.A., Cox N.H.: Rook's textbook of dermatology.7th edition 2004. Blackwell Science; 1.1-1.4.
[2]. Williams H.C. Dermatology. Health Care Needs Assessment. Second Series. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press.
[3]. Werner B. Skin biopsy and its histopathologic analysis: Why? What for? How? Part I. An Bras Dermatol. 2009;84(4):391-5.
[4]. Elder DE, Murphy GF, Elinitsas R, Johnson BL, Xu X. Introduction To Dermatopathologic Diagnosis. Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. 10th ed. New Delhi: Wolters Kluwer; 2009:1-4.

[5]. Reddy R, Krishna N. Histopathological spectrum of non-infectious erythematous, papulo-squamous lesions. Asian Pac J Health Sci. 2014;1(4S):28–34..

Abstract: Epidemiological survey was conducted to assess association between dietary habits and nutritional status in special children. Sample size of 100 special children and 53 parents from Mangala Jyothi Integrated School, Mangalore; selected for this study. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data such as demographics, dietary habits and physical activity of children from parents. Height, weight and BMI of children was measured. Oral hygiene instructions provided for the attendees. More than 40% of children had roti and rice once a day, while less than 10% had sprouts and dry fruits daily. Eggs and meat were consumed on a weekly (40.4%) or biweekly....

Keywords: Special Children; Nutrition; Diet; Underweight; BMI

[1]. NS-CSHCN Chartbook 2009-2010. Jun 2013.
[2]. https://mchb.hrsa.gov/cshcn0910/index.html [3]. Mathur M, Bhargava R, Benipal R, Luthra N, Basu S, Kaur J, Chavan BS. Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status in Mentally Retarded Children and Adolescents: A Study from North Western India. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2007;3(2):22-9.
[4]. C-Series, Table C-20, Census of India 2001 and 2011.
[5]. Ranjani H, Mehreen TS, Pradeepa R, Anjana RM, Garg R, Anand K, Mohan V. Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: A systematic review. The Indian journal of medical research. 2016 Feb;143(2):160...

Abstract: Background: Haemoptysis is a common symptom of lung cancer. However its correlation with the histological proven cases of lung malignancy is poorly understood. This study describes the pattern and prevalence of haemoptysis in lung malignancy related to various histopathological types. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in MGMCH, Jaipur in 100 patients of histopathologically proven cases of lung cancer between July 2016 to July 2017 showing profile of haemoptysis and its correlation with various histopathological types of lung malignancy Results: Of 100 patients of lung cancer, 82% were males and 18% females. Prevalence of haemoptysis was 29% out of which 62.06% of cases were..........

[1]. Viswanath S, Pathak A, Kapoor A, Rathore A, Kapur BN. Changing paradigm in treatment of lung cancer. J. Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2016;2(6):214-9.

[2]. Malik PS, Raina V. Lung cancer: prevalent trends & emerging concepts. Indian J Med Res. 2015 Jan;141(1):5-7.
[3]. Kaur H, Sehgal I S, Bal A, Gupta N, Behera D, Das A, Singh N. Evolving epidemiology of lung cancer in India: Reducing non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified and quantifying tobacco smoke exposure are the key. Indian J Cancer 2017;54:285-90
[4]. Rajendra Prasad, Rajiv Garg, Sanjay Singhal, Piyush Srivastava. Lessons from patients with hemoptysis attending a chest clinic in India. Ann Thorac Med. 2009 Jan-Mar; 4(1): 10–12.

[5]. Jindal SK, Malik SK, Dhand R, Gujral JS, Malik AK, Datta BN. Bronchogenic carcinoma in Northern India. Thorax 1982;37:343-7..

Abstract: Denture base materials are being modified by various researchers performing types of researches since the time of its evolution. A breakthrough came when flexible denture base material was introduced. The innovation of the nylon derived denture base material in the 1950 paved the way for a new type of dentures.(1) A number of efforts are being made to improve properties of flexible denture base material. It is because of its property of being highly esthetic; biocompatibility and flexibility that made it become popular choice among denture bases especially for removable partial denture bases. Elastomeric resins can be added..........

[1]. JP Singh , R K Dhiman, RPS Bedi, SH Griish " Flexible denture base material :A viable alternative to conventional acrylic denture base material" ComtempClin Dent 2011:2(4):313-317
[2]. Prafulla Thumati ,Padmaja s, Raghavendra Reddy k "Flexible Dentures in prosthodontics –An overview" Indian J Dent Adv 2013: 5(4):1380-1385
[3]. .leonard Garth Lowe "Flexible denture flanges for patients exhibiting undercut tuberosities and reduced width of the buccalvestibule:a clinical report" JPD 2004:92(22):128-131
[4]. Shobha Rodrigues, VidyaShenoy ,ThilakShetty "Resilient liners:A Review" J Indian ProsthodontSoc 2013:13(3):155-164
[5]. V Harishnath et al "Estimation of the tensile bond strength of acrylic soft liner following denture base treatment-An invitro study" Journal of sciences 2015: 5(11):1055-1058.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Dengue Fever(DF) has an unpredictable clinical course which leads to a policy of indiscriminate referral to higher centres from peripheral centres. Diagnosing dengue early is challenging because the initial symptoms are non specific and serological tests can confirm dengue only late in the course of illness. Only few studies have been done on hepatic involvement in paediatric DF. OBJECTIVES 1. To determine whether elevated liver enzymes can be used as an early predictor of DF. 2. To predict the prognosis of the disease according to the degree of elevation of liver enzymes. METHOD.....

Key Words:Dengue fever, Liver enzymes, Prediction

[1]. Praveen M. Girish I, hepatic dysfunction in dengue fever- a prospective study done at a tertiary care hospital, shimoga J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2018;7(01): 50-52, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/13
[2]. Surjeet singh, et al.A hospital –based study of hepatic dysfunction in children with dengue fever. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Diseases.2015;5(12)964
[3]. Gandhi.k et al.Profile of liver function test in patients with dengue infection in south india. Med J DY Patil Univ 2013;6:370-2
[4]. PritamGuptha,K.K.Pareek,GirishMathur. Progress in medicine,Vol 29,2015,p 354.
[5]. VaibhavShukla and Ashok Chandra, A study of Hepatic Dysfunction in Dengue fever, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Uttar Pradesh; Journal of Association of Physicians of India - July 2013 Vol.61 p 460.

Abstract: Background Meningoencephalitis is a diagnosis made from clinical symptoms and signs along with CSF analysis. Mortality rate has come down and decreased to 40%. Eventhough mortality rate has decreased, incidence rate remains the same and is still a major cause of death. Objective To assess the influence of epidemiological status of the children and an outcome of meningoencephalitis in children aged one month to 12 years at PICU (Paediatric Intensive care unit), Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital.......

Key words: Meningoencephalitis , Clinicoepidemiology, Children

[1]. Saezx, George H MC.Crackers Jr. Infectious disease of children 9th Missouri mosby year book 1992.
[2]. Klein Jo feigin RD ,Mccracken GH Jr.Report of bask force on diagnosis and management of meningitis paediatrics 1986 Nov – 78 (5p6 2) : 959-82
[3]. BV Bhatl , IC Verma RK Puri, prognostic indicators in pyogenic meningitis.In four of Ind A paed,1987 24 : 977.

[4]. Abhishek, Shukla G, Behari M. Practice trends in treating central nervous system tuberculosis and outcomes at a tertiary care hospital: A cohort study of 244 cases. Ann Indian Acad Neurol [serial online] 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 10];22:37-46.
[5]. Farzana K. Beiga et al. Etiology and clinico-epidemiological profile of acute viral encephalitis in children of western Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 14, Issue 2, February 2010, Pages e141-e146..

Abstract: Background:Cardiac complications following chest wall irradiation are inevitable. The effects of conventional radiotherapy (RT) delivering 50 Gy in 25 fractions have been clearly demonstrated in a large number of trials. but also causes inconvenience to elderly patients of undergoing daily treatment for 5 to 7 weeks, increases workload on radiation machine and add-ons to health care expenditures.in this trial we tried to quantify the cardiac adverse events after post-mastectomy hypofractionated RT. Material and methods: Total 40......

Keywords: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT); breast cancer; postmastectomy; cardiac toxicity

[1]. Whelan TJ, Levine M, Julian J, et al. The effects of radiation therapy on quality of life of women with breast cancer: results of a randomized trial. Ontario Clinical Oncology Group. Cancer 2000;88:2260-6.

[2]. Suh WW, Pierce LJ, Vicini FA, et al. A cost comparison analysis of partial versus whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer.Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhys 2005;62:790-6

[3]. Bentzen SM, Agrawal RK, Aird EG, et al. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:331-41

[4]. Bentzen SM, Agrawal RK, Aird EG, et al. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial B of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet 2008;371:1098-107

[5]. Tjessem KH, Johansen S, Malinen E, et al. Long-term cardiac mortality after hypofractionated radiation therapy in breast cancer. Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhys 2013;87:337-43..

Abstract: Synchronous malignancies with an esophageal malignancy are not uncommon. However synchronous esophageal and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare with only 11 cases reported in the world literature, the esophageal malignancies being adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. SCC of the esophagus is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis constituting 0.8–2.4% of all esophageal malignancies. The occurrence of synchronous malignancies with an esophageal malignancy is a well-described phenomenon with an incidence ranging......

[1]. Bedi GC, Westra WH, Gabrielson E, Koch W, Sidransky D. Multiple head and neck tumors: Evidence for a common clonal origin. Cancer Res. 1996;56:2484–

[2]. Dissanayaka WL, Jayasooriya PR, Kumarasiri PV, Tilakaratne WM. A histopathologic comparison between synchronous and single primary oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:73.

Abstract: Ascitic fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity is a common problem in Indian scenario manifesting in varied diseased conditions ranging from tuberculosis to liver cirrhosis including carcinogenic conditions. The clinical scenario changes depending on the nature of exudative or transudative ascitic fluid. Introduction of easy point of care kits have helped the clinicians to decide treatment without delay. Objective- To compare the available point of care diagnostic dipstick with the SAAG for deciding its reliability Methodology – Patients admitted in AIIMS Raipur in surgery and medicine with presence of ascitic fluid in their peritoneal cavity were chosen using a cross sectional study design . Point of care dipstick was compared with gold standard SAAG based on albumin values...........

[1]. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2001 Jan;16(1):106-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02867577. Value of ascitic fluid cholesterol and serum-ascites albumin gradient in differentiating cirrhotic and malignancy related ascites. Bijoor AR(1), Venkatesh T.
[2]. Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. AASLD Practice Guideline. Hepatology 2004; 39:1–16; https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20066
[3]. Ekpe EL, Omotoso AJ. The relevance of ascitic LDH and SAAG in the differential diagnosis of ascites among patients in a Nigerian Hospital. Br J Med Med Res 2015; 3(3):211– 9; https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2015/12554
[4]. Dharwadkar K, Bijoor AR. Usefulness of serum ascites cholesterol gradient (SACG), Total Protein (TP) ratio and serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in differentiating tuberculosis ascites and cirrhotic ascites. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2013; 2:1099–103; https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.010920134.
[5]. LawsonE,VictorE,EyamE,EkanemE Point of care dipstick assessment of ascitic fluid: comparison with serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in differentiation of ascitic fluid into exudate and transudate. Int. Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries2018;2(2):55–58...

Abstract: Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social.............

Key words: Patients, out-patient, appointment system, Preferences

[1]. TGMEDS. The Patients Charter and you – a Charter for England 2004. Available from http://www.tgmeds.org.uk/patientscharter.html.(Accessed Jan 18, 2018)
[2]. Umar I, Oche MO, Umar AS. Patient waiting time in a tertiary health institution in Northern Nigeria. J Public Health Epidemiol. 2011;3(2):78-82.
[3]. Oladapo OT, Iyaniwura TA, Sule-Odu AO. Quality of antenatal services at the primary care level in Southwest Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health 2008;12(3):71-92.
[4]. Adesanya T, Gholahan O, Ghannam O, et al. Exploring the responsiveness of public and private hospitals in Lagos. J Public Health Res. 2012; 1: e2. doi:10.4081/jphr. 2012.e2
[5]. Campbell PC, Olufunlayo TF, Onyenwenyi AO. An assessment of client satisfaction with services at a model primary health care centre in Ogun State, Nigeria. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2010;20(1):13-8.

Abstract: La néoplasie endocrinienne multiple type2 est un syndrome génétique rare caractérisé par le développement de tumeurs dans trois glandes endocrines : la thyroïde, la partie centrale des glandes surrénales et les glandes parathyroïdes. Elle est causée par des mutations de la ligne germinale dans le proto-oncogène RET et des corrélations spécifiques génotypes-phénotypes influencent la gestion clinique. Notre travail, concerne plus précisément la classification, la détermination des caractéristiques cliniques, et l'application de la biologie moléculaire pour l'analyse du matériel génomique de patients atteints de NEM 2. En outre, nous discutons les progrès.........

[1]. JAE CHUNG, Yun, KIM, Hyung-Hoon, KIM, Hyun-Jin, et al. RET proto-oncogene mutations are restricted to codon 634 and 618 in Korean families with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A. Thyroid, 2004, vol. 14, no 10, p. 813-818.
[2]. SARIKA, H. L., PAPATHOMA, Alexandra, GAROFALAKI, Maria, et al. Genetic screening of patients with medullary thyroid cancer in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades. European journal of endocrinology, 2015, vol. 172, no 4, p. 501-509.
[3]. ZUPAN, Andrej et GLAVAČ, Damjan. The development of rapid and accurate screening test for RET hotspot somatic and germline mutations in MEN2 syndromes. Experimental and molecular pathology, 2015, vol. 99, no 3, p. 416-425.
[4]. MULLIGAN, Lois M, KWOK, John BJ, HEALEY, Catherine S., et al. Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Nature, 1993, vol. 363, no 6428, p. 458-460.
[5]. SHARMA, B. P. et SARANATH, D. RET gene mutations and polymorphisms in medullary thyroid carcinomas in Indian patients. Journal of biosciences, 2011, vol. 36, no 4, p. 603-611.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Laryngoscopy and intubation are mandatory for patients undergoing general anesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy and intubation causes afferent vagal stimulation and efferent sympatho-adrenal response, this causes increase in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and cardiac arrhythmias in some patients. These reflex changes in cardiovascular system are most marked and lead to average increase in blood pressure by 20-40% and increase in heart rate by 20%.[1]Usually these changes are well tolerated by healthy individuals. However these changes......

Keywords: Mexiletine ,Metoprolol, Antiarrytmics, Pressor responses

[1]. Bruder N, Granthil C, Ortega D. Consequences and prevention methods of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation. Ann FrAnaesthesiologyReanim 1992; 11(1):57-71.
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[3]. Bengtsson C, Johnsson G, Regårdh CG.Plasma levels and effects of metoprolol on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients after an acute dose and between two doses during long-term treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1975 Apr;17(4):400-8.
[4]. Borer JS, Comerford MB, Sowton E.Assessment of metoprolol, a cardioselective beta-blocking agent, during chronic therapy in patients with angina pectoris. J Int Med Res. 1976;4(1):15-22.
[5]. Campbell NP, Kelly JG, Shanks RG, Chaturvedi NC, Strong JE, Pantridge JF.Mexiletine (Kö 1173) in the management of ventricular dysrhythmias. Lancet. 1973 Aug 25;2(7826):404-7..

Abstract: Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise (CPE) test provides precise physiologic profile in health and quantifies disability in pulmonary disease. However, CPE though so very informative for evaluating physiologic function of lungs is surprisingly less commonly used in pulmonary practice in India. This study shows results of VO2 Max in 40 healthy individuals and VO2 peak in 17 patients suffering from pulmonary disease. The results emphasize need for optimal fitness in health and importance of rehabilitation in pulmonary diseases. Abbreviations : (A-a)02: Alveolar arterial oxygen tension gradient; BR: Breathing Reserve; Eq.O2 : Equivalent Oxygen; Eq.CO2: Equivalent Carbon...........

[1]. A.A. Ganju, A.B. Fuladi, B.O. Tayade and N.A. Ganju. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Evaluation of Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2011;53:87-91
[2]. J.R. Shah. Oxygen Consumption Studies During Exercise. Bulletin of the Jaslok hospital and research center 1978-79;3:12-18
[3]. American College of Sports Medicine ACSM's. Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Sixth Edition. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000) P77...