iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Staghorn renal stones in a developing country, very often associated with insidious growth, late presentation, complications and recurrence, present an economic burden to the patient and a challenge to the treating surgeon."Complete staghorn calculus" designates a branched stone that occupies the entire pelvicaliceal system.Staghorn calculi cause severe morbidity due to renal failure; infections and death. CASE REPORT: A 38 years old lady resident of Pune, came with the chief complaints of Pain in abdomen on right side intermittently since 5 years not associated with nausea and vomiting.Pain was radiating to the back and increased in frequency since the last 8 days. On per abdomen examination, patient had right renal angle pain.CT KUB.....

Keywords staghorn calculus, anatrophic nephrolithotomy,supersaturation of urine,mechanism of stone formation

[1]. Anantkumar etall. Management of complete staghorn stones in a developing countries. Indian journal of urology. 2002;19:42-49.
[2]. Dyer RB, Chen MY, Zagoria RJ. Classic signs in uroradiology. Radiographics 2004; 24: S247-S280.
[3]. Akif Diri, Banu Diri. Management of staghorn renal stones. Renal failure 2018;40(1):357-362

[4]. Johri N , Cooper B, Robertson W, Choong S, Rickards D, Unwin R. An Update and Practical Guide to Renal Stone Management. Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;116:c159–c171
[5]. Ramesh Aggarwal, Anshuman Srivastava, Sachin Kumar Jain, Ritika Sud, Rati Singh. RENAL STONES: A CLINICAL REVIEW. EMJ Urol. 2017;5[1]:98-103..

Abstract: Substance abuse disorders are among the world's leading public health problem as they cause enormous human sufferings in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic loss. The youth of the country are more vulnerable to substance abuse due to increased academic pressure, peer group influence and increased popularity and availability of substances. So, the following study was conducted to find out the prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of substance abuse among degree college students of Meerut city. Taking prevalence of substance abuse as 30%, sample size of 900 was calculated.300 students were selected from each college by simple random sampling method. Data was collected on a pre-designed questionnaire and statistically analyzed. The prevalence of ever user of any substance was found to be 43.0%,wheras,prevalence of current users were 31.3%.Tobacco.......

[1]. WHO Substance Abuse - accessed from www.who.int/topics/ substance_ abuse/en
[2]. Baba TA, Ganai AM, Quadri SS, Margoob MA, Ibbal QM, Khan ZA. An Epidemiological Study on Substance Abuse Among College Students of North India (Kashmir Valley). Int J Med Sci Public Health . 2013; 2(3):562-7 .
[3]. Bansal R, Mishra VN, Singh JV, Bhatnagar M, Singh RB, Garg SK. An epidemiological study of drug dependence among degree college students; Thesis for M.D.(S.P.M) 1988.
[4]. Osman T., Victor C.,Abdulmoneim A., Mohammed H., Abdalla F., Ahmed A., Ali E., Mohammed W.; Epidemiology of substance use among university students of Sudan.; Journal of Addiction; Volume 26;Article ID2476164
[5]. Birega G.M,Addis B,Agmasu M,Tadele M. Descriptive Study on Magnitude of Substance Abuse among Students of Aman Poly Technique College Students, Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia: Journal Of Addiction Research and Therapy; April 2017

Abstract: Background :Alloxan-induced diabetes model is used as a "study tool" to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease and much more as a "search engine" for antidiabetic compounds with better therapeutic characteristics. It was the first agent used in the category of chemically induced diabetes to create a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Other chemicals being:Streptozocin,Dexamethasone,Insulin antibodies – induced diabetes Methods: Albino rats were divided into four groups with ten rats in each group.alloxan monohydrate 2%, solution which was dissolved in 0.9% of sodium chloride (normal saline) as a diluent and given intraperitoneally to rats and blood..........

Keywords: alloxan , alopecia, diabetes

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[2]. Muoio DM, Newgard CB. Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2008 Mar;9(3):193.

[3]. Busnardo AC, DiDio LJ, Tidrick RT, Thomford NR. History of the pancreas. The American journal of surgery. 1983 Nov 1;146(5):539-50.

[4]. Rees DA, Alcolado JC. Animal models of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine. 2005 Apr;22(4):359-70.

[5]. Liebig J. Liebig and Wöhler. InA History of Chemistry 1964 (pp. 294-336). Palgrave, London..

Abstract: Introduction: Among various endocrine problems, thyroid disorders are the most common worldwide. Thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions. Vitamin D deficiency is also a global health problem and its role as an immune modulator is already established. Recent evidence has demonstrated an association between low vitamin D status and autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease, and impaired vitamin D signaling in thyroid cancers. The main role of vitamin D is regulating bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess levels of 25-OH Vitamin D and serum Calcium in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients. Materials&Methods: Total 70 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients and 65 healthy controls were included in the study. Sera were collected from them and serum calcium,25-OH vitamin.....

Keywords: Hypothyroid, TSH, fT3, fT4,25-OH vitamin D

[1]. Orlova M M, Rodionova T I. Functional state of kidneys in patients with clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2: 1-5 (2013).
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[3]. Schwarz C, Alexander BL, Spiros A, Georg MF, Heinz Z, Aristomenis KE, et al. Thyroid function and serum electrolytes: Does an association really exist? Eur J Med Sci 2012;142: 13669.
[4]. Farnsworth AE, Dobyns BM. Hypercalcaemia and thyrotoxicosis. Med J Aust 1974;2(21):782-4.
[5]. Hollick MF, Chen TC. Vitamin Ddeficiency a worldwide problem with health consequences.Am J ClinNutr.2008; 87:10805–68..

Abstract: Background: Homocysteine is one of the most destructive compounds found in the human body. Among women with PCOS, hyperhomocysteinemia is found to have a role in infertility, miscarriages, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption and intra uterine death due to placental insufficiency Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study on 50 PCOS women at SAT hospital, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Blood pressure of the study population was recorded and biochemical parameters like fasting plasma Homocysteine, Fasting lipid profile were estimated. Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia.......

Key Word: Homocysteine, Hyperhomocysteinemia, PCOS

[1]. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci1993; 687: 60-64
[2]. Traub ML. Assessing and treating insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. World J Diabetes 2011 March 15; 2(3):33-40
[3]. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis. BMJ 2002; 325: 1202-1208
[4]. James Braly and Patrick Holford. The H Factor Solution: Homocysteine, the best single indicator of whether you are likely to live long or die young. 2003: 103
[5]. Refsum M, Yajnik CS, Gadkari M, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 233–41.

Abstract: Bowel obstruction ,also known as intestinal obstruction, cover a wide variety of clinical situations of varying severity, some of which require emergency surgery. The diagnosis is established on clinical and radiological elements. Abdominal CT is increasingly required looking for digestive dilatation upstream of the obstacle. The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of abdominal CT in diagnostic and therapeutic management of intestinal obstruction from a series of 16 cases and review of the literature.....

Key Words: Small-bowel obstruction, Abdominal CT

[1]. Taurel P, Blayac PM, Bruel JM. Occlusion intestinale aigue : éliminer une occlusion mécaniquecompliquée d'une strangulation. Imageries des urgences. Ed Masson 2004;p83-99.
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[4]. Chevallier P, Denys A, Schmidt S, et al . Valeur du scanner dans l'occclusionmécanique de l'intestin grêle. J Radiol Paris 2004 ;85:541-51.
[5]. Akcakaya A, Alimoglu O, Hevenk T, Bas G, Sahin M :Mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by abdominal wallhenrias.UlusTravmaDerg 2000 ; 6(4):260-5.

Abstract: Objectives: This research is an experimental study with one group pretest and post test to analyze the efectivity of thiamin supplementation as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This research was carried out at Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, with total sampe 50 person from February 2019 until April 2019. We required the sample using consecutive sampling.the visual analog score (VAS) of the same subject was obtained for primary dysmenorrhea before thiamin suplementation as a control and those subject were given thiamin suplementation for 2 mentrual cycle to assest the VAS after suplementation. Results: Based on this study with 50.......

Keywords: Primary Dysmenorrhea, Thiamine, VAS

[1]. Joshi T, Kural MR, Agrawal DP, Noor NN, Patil A. Primary dysmenorrhea and its effect on quality of life in young girls. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2015;4:381-385
[2]. Dysmenorrhea. Clinical Guideline Gynecologic Service. 2016. From website: https://phpa.health.maryland.gov/mch/FP_Guidelines_2016/1.9,Gyn,Dysmenorrhea,Final,2012.pdf
[3]. Patient information from BMJ Group. Painful periods. BMJ 2015
[4]. Harel Z. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: etiology and management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol (2006) 19:363e371
[5]. Hosseinlou A et al. The effects of fish oil capsules and thiamin tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in urmia-iran. Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 6, No. 7; 2014.

Abstract: The Suprascapular notch is usually located medial to the root of the coracoid process of the Scapula. This study is a simple method to classify the shape of the suprascapular notch on the basis of gross examination. In this study, we found some conditions in which notch is converted into foramina which is vulnerable to suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. So we have attempted to classify the different shapes of suprascapular notch and mentioned its clinical importance.

Key Words: Suprascapular notch, Suprascapular foramen, suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome.

[1]. R.M.H Mc Minn, Last's Anatomy., 9th ed. UK edition: Churchill Livingstone, 2009. P.68.
[2]. Kopell HP, Thompson WAL (1959) Pain and the frozen shoulder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 109:92-96.
[3]. Cummins CA, Messer TM, Nuber GW (2000) Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment. J Bone Joint Surg 82:415-424.
[4]. Bayramoglu A, Demiryurek D, Tuccar E, Erbil M, Aldur MM, Tetik O, Doral MN (2003) variations in Anatomy at the suprascapular notch possibly causing suprascapular nerve entrapment: An Anatomical study. Knee Surg Sport Trauma Arthrosac 11:393-398.
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Abstract: The demand for dental care is derived from the demand for dental health. Individuals choose to receive dental services because they believe they have a need for those services to maintain their oral health. The consumers combine their time and market commodities as inputs to produce their own dental health. Dental health is considered to have the same properties as durable capital stock that directly enters the utility function together with other market goods consumed by individuals. An individual's initial stock of oral health depreciates over time, but it can be increased by investments in dental care. Dental care services are sought because of their potential for preventing the depletion of good oral health and improving oral health. The individual's stocks of other human.........

Keywords: Dental Health Care, Demand, Household, Health Production

[1]. Andkhoie, M., Pandovska-Pelivanova, E., Emmanuel, S., Lateef, F., Szafron, M., & Farag, M. E. (2014). Demand and burden of dental care in Canadian households. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(9), 73-82.
[2]. Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. Economic Journal, 75(299), 493-517.
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[5]. Grossman, M. (1972b). On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health. The Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223-255..

Abstract: There is no doubt that the introduction of fluorides,has played a significant role in the decline of prevalence of dental caries.Despite its success,dental caries and cavities remain a global health problem.While fluoride is highly effective,economical agent for caries prevention,Even with regular fluoride use, carious lesions can still develop when there are more dietary sugar exposures therefore it must be recognized that in many situations.Fluorides Alone May Not Be Sufficient.Dental caries is multifactorial and all non-fluoride measures should be evaluated properly......

Key Words: dental caries,fluorides,xylitol,novamin,caries,prevention,non fluoride agents

[1]. Prevention of Dental Caries-Measures beyond Fluoride, Agarwal et al., Oral Hyg Health 2014, 2:1
[2]. Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?, Nebu Philip, Caries Res 2018;52:153–165
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Abstract: To Report Case Of Rare Vascular Tumor I.E. Glomus Tumor And Discuss Its Management Methods- A 52 Yr Gentleman Presented With H/O Pain On & Off At The Pulp Left Middle Finger Which Increases During Cold Climate- 5yrs. The Diagnosis Was Made Using High Frequency Ultrasound And Contrast Mri Left Hand. Results-Contrast Mri Confirmed The Diagnosis .Excision Of The Tumor Was Done And Sent For Biopsy Which Gave The Final Conclusion

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Abstract: Background: Implant failure refers to the inability of any medical implant to meet the claims of its manufacturer or the health care provider who installs it. Some implants tend to fail more than others depending on location, type of implant and age of patient. Other pathologies such as infection, trauma and pathologic fractures are additional risk factors. Objectives: To determine the pattern of orthopaedic implant failure and possible risk factors in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methodology: A retrospective hospital-based study carried out over 10 years (January 2007 to December 2017) in which case........

[1]. M Sivakumar, Dhanadurai KS, S. Rajeswari, Thulasiraman V. Failure in stainless steel orthopaedic implant devices: a survey. Journal of Material Science Letters. 1995;14(5): 351-354.
[2]. V.V Woo, S.K Chuang, S. Daher, Muftu A. Dentoalveolar reconstructive procedures as a risk factor for implant failure. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2004; 62(7): 773-780.
[3]. M. Geetha, A.K Singh, R. Asokamani, Gogia AK. Ti based biomaterials , the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants. Progress in material science. 2009;54(3): 397-425.
[4]. Moy Peter, Medina Diana, Vivek S. Dental Implant Failure Rates and Associated Risk Factors. International Journal of Oral an Maxillofacial Implants. 2005;20(4):569-577.
[5]. Lonner Jess, Hershman Stuart, Michael M. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients 40 years of Age and Younger with Osteoarthrittis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related research. 2000; 380: 85-90..

Abstract: Nausea and Vomiting are the most common and unpleasant side effects associated with the use of anaesthetic techniques for surgical procedure. The incidence of Postoperative nausea and vomiting is 20% -30%. PONV results in increased patient discomfort, dissatisfaction, worry to relatives and increased cost related to the length of hospital stay. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of intravenous palonosetron and intravenous ondansetron for prevention of post-operative nausea.......

Keywords: Ondansetron, Palanosteron, PONV Prophylaxis , Laparoscopic surgeries

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[2]. Andrews PLE. Physiology of nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesthesia 1992;69(1): 25-195.
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Abstract: Discolouration of the teeth is one of the major reasons for dental visit especially in younger age groups. Different treatment options are available for the management of discolouration. Bleaching is one of the conservative treatment options for discolored tooth.McInnes solution is economic and a conservative treatment option for discoloration. This Case series describe successful management of discolored teeth using McInnes solution as the treatment modality..

Key words: bleaching, discoloration, McInnes solution

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[3]. Edward J. Swift ,Harold O. Heymann Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry 4.The effect of polishing &bleaching on the color of discolored teeth in vivo. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2001;28(11):1080-84.Jihua. Decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents under various chemical & physical conditions. Journal of Prosthet Dent.1993;69:46-48

[4]. SadasivaKadandale*, Sriram K**, VijikarthikaiBalan .McInnes solution - The Forgotten Entity for Fluorosis Stains Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 2014; 3(3): 139 – 140

[5]. B Suresh Chandra,VGopiKrishna, Grossman's Endodontic practice, Bleaching of discolored teeth, Twelfth edition 2010,Wolter kluwer health(India),345.

Abstract: Uterine leiomyomas are the commonest benign tumours of the female genital tract, occurring in young women of reproductive age. Treatment modalities, in our setting, are mainly surgical. The aim was to determine the incidence, patterns of presentation and appraise the intra and post-operative morbidities associated with the surgical methods of management. A retrospective review of surgically managed cases of uterine fibroids over a five-year period from September, 2002 – August, 2007 was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria. Data was obtained from the medical records department, gynaecology ward admissions and theatre registers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows version 16 and significance was set at P-value of < 0.05%.........

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[4]. Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):100-7.
[5]. Vaidya, S, Vaidya SA. Patterns of Lesions in Hysterectomy Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2015; 53(197):18-23..