iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in India. Diagnosis of active Pulmonary TB (PTB) is often delayed due to Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears of respiratory specimens (at least two or more specimens) are necessary for the prompt diagnosis of PTB, but AFB smears has poor sensitivity (30-70%) despite high specificity (98-99%). Mycobacterial culture are more sensitive than AFB smears (80-85%), but culture results usually require 3-8 weeks. Every attempt to establish a definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis should be made in patients who are either unable to produce sputum voluntarily or are smear negative by conventionally obtained sputum sample....

Keywords Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), Fibreoptic bronchoscopy, Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), Smear negative.

[1]. TB India 2017, chapter 2; Central TB Division, DGHS
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO), Global Tuberculosis Control, 2011http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global report/en/index.html
[3]. Nair N, Wares F, Sahu N. Tuberculosis in WHO South-East Asia region. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88:164.
[4]. Korean National Tuberculosis Association (KNTA). Trend of case notification rate per 100,000 by year, 2004-2010.
[5]. https://www.knta.or.kr/inform/sub03 10asp..

Abstract: Background: Prediabetes is an intermediate hyperglycemic and insulin resistant state. The association of anthropometric indices with plasma lipid profile is more strongly associated with prevalence of prediabetes in obese subjects. Methods: The aim of our study was to evaluate serum lipid profile level and anthropometric parameters in prediabetic obese subjects and to compare it with the control subjects. We also studied correlation of anthropometric parameters with lipid profile. Study included 200 prediabetic subjects and 100 control subjects. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. According to BMI, subjects were separated into obese (BMI ≥ 30) and control....

Keywords: Prediabetes; Obesity; Lipid Profile, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

[1]. Cali AMG, Caprio S. Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth: an emerging epidemic disease. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes and obesity 2008;15: 123-127
[2]. Meyer S, Pimenta W, Haeften TV, Szoke E, Mitrakou A, Gerich J. Different mechanism for impaired fasting glucose and impaired postprandial glucose tolerance in humans. Diabetes Care 2006. 29: 1909 – 14.
[3]. Fonseca VA, Early identification and treatment of insulin resistance: Impact on subsequent prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Clinical Cornerstone 2007; 8: 7-18.
[4]. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28 Suppl 1:S4-36.
[5]. Handelsman Y, Mechanick JI, Blonde L, Grunberger G, Bloomgarden ZT, Bray GA, et al. AACE Task Force for Developing Diabetes Comprehensive Care Plan. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan. Endocr Pract 2011;17 Suppl 2:1-53

Abstract: Background & Objective : Detailed basic knowledge of histologyisneeded for the first yearundergraduatestudents. Studentsshould have a clear concept about the structure of normal humancells& tissue for future clinical application. So the teachingmethodisstrategized in suchawaythat the studentscanlearn basic histologywithin a limitedperiod of time in first year of medical curriculum. The purpose of the studywas to examine student's perception about the existingteachinglearningmethod. Materials&method : The structured questionnaire wasprovided to..........

Keywards : Teachinglearningmethod, histology, student's feedback, faculty guidance.

[1]. A. Lopez Munoz, J. Larran Lopez. Microscopy: advances in scientific research and education, A. Mendez-Vilas, Ed. Formatex, 2014; Use of virtual microscopy to promote Histology learning: 1210-1213.
[2]. Sudipa Biswas, Suranjali Sharma, Soumya Chakraborty. Students' Perception of Present Teaching Method of Histology- A Study from Eastern part of India.NJIRM. 2017; 8(5): 61-66.
[3]. ReenuKumari, Amod Kumar Yadav, Bikramjeet Singh, Manpreet Kaur, Rimpi Gupta. Evaluating anatomy teaching methodology as per the percipience of first year MBBS students- A questionnaire based study. International Jounal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences. 2015; 5(2): 240-247.
[4]. Drake RL. Anatomy education in a changing medical curriculum.KaibogakuZasshi. 1999; 74(4): 487-90.
[5]. Andrea Tanevitch, Susana Batista, Gabriela Llompart, Adrian Abal, Patricia Perez, Pablo Felipe et.al. Teaching strategies for meaningful learning of histology and embryology contents in a subject of the degree course of dentistry. U. N. R journal. 2014; 2: 1931-1939..

Abstract: Papulosquamous lesions of the skin are encountered with considerable frequency. The Papulosquamous diseases characterized by scaling papules or plaques are a heterogeneous group of skin disorders which comprise the largest group of diseases seen by dermatologists. There is overlap of both clinical pattern and distribution of papulosquamous skin disorders, which often makes clinical diagnosis difficult. As all these are characterized by scaling papules, clinical confusion after result in their diagnosis; therefore dermatopathology is important for more definate differentiation. Separation of each of these becomes important because the treatment and prognosis for each tends to be disease specific.iHere comes the effective role of Histopathology which is highly specific and sensitive for many lesions and it remains the gold standard for most dermatological diagnosis. (1) High prevalence of skin disease in northern India suggests requirement of more number of in-depth and investigative studies, which will improve the quality of treatment. The correlation of histopathological findings with clinical findings will aid in........

[1]. Agrawal S, K. B. Mishra, C. M. Gupta. Histopathological spectrum of non-infectious erythematous, papulo-squamous lesions: at a teritary care institute. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018;6(6):2072-2075
[2]. Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, Murphy GE, Xu X, editors; Introduction to dermatopahologic diagnosis. In Lever's histopathology of the skin. 10th edition, Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.
[3]. Karumbaiah K.P., Arshiya A, Mallikarjun M.A Histopathology Study of Papulosquamous Lesions of Skin. Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 2017;Vol.6:2
[4]. D' Costa G, Bharambe BM. Spectrum of non-infectious erythematous, papular and squamous lesions of the skin. Indian J Dermatol 2010;55:225-8
[5]. Reddy BR, Krishna N.M. Histopathological spectrum of non-infectious erythematous, papulo-squamous lesions. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci. 2014;1(4):28-34.

Abstract: Incidence of head injury is increasing over years, and is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Epidemiological data from different regions are required for planning appropriate preventive measures. Present study, a cross-sectional descriptive study, tried to reflect the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of fatal head injuries in Kolkata between 2013 and 2014. Subjects of age group 41-60 years were affected most (46%), with an overall majority of males (74%). Road Traffic Accidents comprised.......

Key Word: Intracranial hemorrhage, Kolkata, Fatal head injury (FHI), Skull fracture

[1]. Irgebrigtsen T, Mortensen K, Romner B. The epidemiology of hospital referred head injury in Northern Norway. Neuroepidemiology 1998;17:139-46.
[2]. Amitava S, Meena RN, Vivek S, Nilesh K, Meena LP. Evaluation of the incidence, nature of injury and clinical outcomes of head injuries in North Eastern part of India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Healt 2013;2(2).
[3]. Gururaj G. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries: Indian scenario. Neurological Research 2013;24(1).
[4]. Kasmaei VM, Asadi P, Zohrevandi B, Raouf MT. An epidemiologyic study of traumatic brain injuries in emergency department. Emergency 2015;3(4):141-145.
[5]. Sharma BR, Harish D, Sharma V, Vij K. Road Traffic accidents – a demographic and topographic analysis. Med Sci Law 2001;4:266-74..

Abstract: This study was done to compare early enteral feeding in preterm IUGR neonates with AREDF on Umbilical artery with preterm IUGR with normal umbilical artery Doppler for time required to attain full enteral feed and increased risk of feed intolerance (FI).METHODS: A Reterospective observational analytical study of preterm intrauterine growth restricted neonates of 28 to 34 weeks with birht weight of > 800 gms, who fed within 24 hour of admission in NICU enrolled from 1st November 2017 to 31 October 2018 were included in analysis. Primary outcomes were Time (in days) required to attain full enteral feed volume and incidence of feed intolerance in neonates fed....

Key Words: Preterm, AREDF, Feed intolerance, NEC

[1]. Bozzetti, V., Paterlini, G., Delorenzo, P., Meroni, V., Gazzolo, D., Bel, F. Van, … Tagliabue, P. E. (2013). ( AGA ) as compared to those small for gestational age ( SGA ), 7058(16), 1610–1615. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.746303
[2]. Bozzetti, V., Tagliabue, P. E., Visser, G. H. A., Bel, F. Van, & Gazzolo, D. (2013). Early Human Development Feeding issues in IUGR preterm infants. Early Human Development, 89, S21–S23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.006
[3]. Dogra, S., Mukhopadhyay, K., & Narang, A. (2012). Feed Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Small-for-Gestational Age Neonates with Normal Umbilical Artery Doppler Flow, 58(6), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fms026
[4]. Dorling, J., Kempley, S., Leaf, A., & Nec, R. O. F. (2005). Feeding growth restricted preterm infants with abnormal UA blood flow, 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.060350
[5]. Eger, S. H. W., Kessler, J., Kiserud, T., Markestad, T., & Sommerfelt, K. (2015). Foetal Doppler abnormality is associated with increased risk of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants, 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12893.

Abstract: Aim: To compare the soft‑tissue esthetic outcome of single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets versus those placed in healed sockets. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and cross‑sectional study was conducted on 22 patients including 12 males and 10 females with a mean age of 36 years (range 22–50 years); of which, 12 underwent immediate and 10 underwent conventional (delayed) implant placement. Outcome assessments included clinical and radiographic examinations. The esthetic outcome was objectively rated using the pink esthetic score (PES). Results: The mean PES was 7.54±1.27........

Keywords: Immediate implant placement, Pink esthetic score, Single implant

[1]. Furhauser, R., Florescu, D. & Benesch, T. (2005) Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score. ClinicalOral Implants Research 16: 639–644.
[2]. Lai HC, Zhang ZY, Wang F, Zhuang LF, Liu X, Pu YP, et al. Evaluation of soft‑tissue alteration around implant‑supported single‑tooth restoration in the anterior maxilla: The pink esthetic score. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008;19:560‑4.
[3]. Cosyn J, Eghbali A, Hanselaer L, De Rouck T, Wyn I, Sabzevar MM, et al. Four modalities of single implant treatment in the anterior maxilla: A clinical, radiographic, and aesthetic evaluation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013;15:517‑30.
[4]. Chen ST, Buser D. Esthetic outcomes following immediate and early implant placement in the anterior maxilla – A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014;29 Suppl.g3.3:186‑215.
[5]. Juodzbalys G, Wang HL. Soft and hard tissue assessment of immediate implant placement: A case series. Clin Oral Implants

Abstract: Hypertrophied inferior turbinate is a common cause of nasal obstruction. It occurs due to a large number of common conditions like allergic rhinitis, intrinsic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, deviated nasal septum etc. Surgical management is opted when it does not respond to medical treatment. There are many surgical techniques to relieve the nasal obstruction caused by the hypertrophied inferior turbinate. In this study three different surgical techniques were compared: 1. Sub mucous resection of the inferior turbinate 2. Partial inferior turbinectomy........

[1]. Cauna N, Cauna D. The fine structure and innervations of the cushion veins of the human nasal respiratory mucosa. Anatomy Research 1975;181: 1-16. Quoted by Brown S. Intrinsic rhinitis. In: Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology, 6Th Edn.,Kerr AG, Mackay IS, Bull TR(Eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford, 1997; Vol. 4(Rhinology): 4/9/10.
[2]. Cook Pr. Sinusitis and allergy. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;5: 35-39. Quoted by Chevretton EB, Hopkins C, Black IM, Tierney P, Smeeton NC. Degloving of the inferior turbinates: pilot study to assess the effectiveness of a new technique in turbinate reduction. J Laryngol Otol 2003; 117 : 866-870.
[3]. Wight RG, Jones AS, Beckingham E. Radical trimming of inferior turbinate and its effect on nasal resistance to airflow. J Laryngol Otol 1988; 102: 694-696.
[4]. Ting ye, Bing Zhou. Update on surgical management of adult inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 2015; 23(1): 29-33
[5]. Gertner R, Podoshin L, Fradis M. A simple method of measuring nasal airway in clinical work. J Laryngol Otol 1984; 98: 351-355..

Abstract: The Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) Scheme has been under implementation across the country since the year 2011, as one of the key components of the Newborn Care continuum. In Uttar Pradesh this programme is running for last 7 years. The present study was a community based cross sectional study which was carried out in the rural area of Meerut district of UP with the help of WHO standardized 30 cluster sampling technique. The sample size was 210 children between age group 6 weeks – 14 weeks of age and all available ASHA. Majority of the mothers had knowledge about the danger signs of fever (86.7%) and fast breathing (78.6%) followed by...........

[1]. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MOHFW): Government of India;2014. New Delhi, Home Based Newborn Care, Operational Guidelines(Revised 2014),India Newborn Action Plan. www.mohfw.nic.in.
[2]. Data.unicef.org/topic/maternal health/newborn care
[3]. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) IV (2015–2016)". International Institute for Population Sciences, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2016 assessed on 2/8/2018
[4]. Misgna HG, Gebru HB, Birhanu MM. Knowledge , Practice And Associated Factors Of Essential Newborn Care At Home Among Mothers In Gulomekada District, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2014. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):144.
[5]. Saaka M, Iddrisu M. Patterns And Determinants Of Essential Newborn Care Practicesin Rural Areas Of Northern Ghana [Internet]. International Journal Of Population Research. 2014[Cited 2018 Nov 16]. Available From: Https://Www.Hindawi.Com/Journals/Ijpr/2014/404387/Abs.

Abstract: Background: CNS anomalies are due to defective closure of neural tube.It is associated with other systemic anomalies in most of the cases. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CNS anomalies among congenital malformations at autopsy, associated systemic anomalies, maternal age and sex of the fetus. Objectives: To determine the incidence of central nervous system anomalies among congenital malformations at perinatal autopsy. Methods: The present study comprises 62 consecutive perinatal autopsies conducted after obtaining consent from the parents/guardians.....

Key Words: CNS Anomalies, Fetal Autopsy,Anencephaly, Spinabifida, Omphalocele

[1]. Rotherberg, Kelly. "The Autopsy through History", in Ayn Embar Seddon. Allan D. Pass (es). 2008; Forensic Science. Salem Press PP 100.
[2]. Macpherson TA, Valdes-Dapena M. The perinatal autopsy. In: Wigglesworth JS, Singer D,eds. Perinatal pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1988:93-122.
[3]. Ochs R, Carr RF, Griffin TD, et al. Perinatal autopsies: a challenge for the non pediatric pathologist. Path Ann 1988; 23:235-255.
[4]. Bhat BV, Ravikumar M. Perinatal mortality in India- Need for introspection. Indian J Matern Child Health 1996;7:31-3
[5]. Seshadri S, Guruswamy T, Jagadeesh S, Suresh I. Methodological issues in setting up a surveillance system for birth defects in India. Natl Med J India. 2005;18:259-62.

Abstract: Introduction: Menopause is a natural event with loss of cyclic ovarian functions. Lipid profile changes leading to heart disease may be due to oestrogen deficiency. Vascular tone changes occur due to raise in nitric oxide production which in turn is under oestrogen influence. This further increases the antioxidant effects. Endothelial cells are stabilized, altering fibrinolytic protein. Cardio protective mechanisms are lost in menopause. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the department of Physiology, Santhiram Medical College and hospital, Nandyal. Study was undertaken from data collected from postmenopausal and premenopausal women of similar height and weight of general population of Nandyal. After a detailed medical history on the basis of the following inclusion and exclusion........

Key Words: Menopause, oestrogen, systolic blood pressure

[1]. Zanchetti A, Facchetti R, Gesana GC, Modena MG, Pirrelli A, Sega R, on behalf of the SIMONA participants Menopause-related blood pressure increase and its relationship to age and body mass index: the SIMONA epidemiological study. J Hypertens. 2005;23:2269–2276.
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[4]. Shelley JM, Green A, Smith AM, Dudley E, Dennerstein L, Hopper J, Burger H. Relationship of sex hormones to lipids and blood pressure in mid-aged women. Ann Epidemiol. 1998;8:39–45.
[5]. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, Rebar R, Santoro N, Utian W, Woods N. Executive summary: Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) Fertil Steril. 2001;76:874–878.