iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: Introduction: The ultimate goal in dermatological therapy is to use the safest and least number of drugs in order to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at reasonable cost. One step to achieve this is to monitor, evaluate and therapeutically analyze the prescribing pattern of dermatological drugs. Such analysis will not only improve the standards of medical treatment at all levels in the health system, but will also help in the identification of problems related to drug use such as polypharmacy,drug–drug interaction and adverse drug reactions. The.....

Keywords corticosteroid, adverse effects, topical, systemic, oral

[1]. Robertson DB, Maibach HI. Dermatologicpharmacology. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical harmacology, 8th ed. New York, McGraw Hill, 2001:1064–77.

[2]. Anupam das,Soumya panda use of topical corticosteroids in dermatology: an evidence-based approachIndian Journal of Dermatol2017 May-Jun; 62(3): 237–250 .

[3]. Ellis CN et al. Cost of atopic dermatitis and eczema in the United States. Journal of the American Academy of Dermato-logy, 2002, 46(3):361–70
[4]. Ramsing DW, Agner T. Efficacy of topical corticosteroids on irritant skin reactions. Contact dermatitis, 1995, 32(5):293–7

[5]. W.M. Sweileh1 Audit of prescribing practices of topical corticosteroids in outpatient dermatology clinics in north Palestine Eastern mediterronian health journal,volume12 issue1/2 2006.

Abstract: Background: Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the largest and most commonparasites found in humans. The adult worms has varied presentations, lives in the small Intestine and eggs are passed in the feces . Ascariasis is the most common soil-transmitted helminth infection in the world. Aim :The objective of this study was to commemorate the clinical symptoms and selected hematological indices of ascariasis in opd and ward patients from the northeastern region of indian territory. Materials and methods: Patients hospitalized....

Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides, ascariasis,urticaria, abdominal pain, haemoglobin

[1]. Sarinas PS, Chitkara RK. Ascariasis and hookworm. Seminars in Respiratory Infections ;1997 (12) :130-137.
[2]. Rousham E.K., Mascie-Taylor C.G. 1994. An 18monthstudy of the effect of periodic anthelminthictreatment on the growth and nutritional status of preschoolchildren in Bangladesh. Annals of HumanBiology21:315-324.
[3]. Biadun W., Chybowski J., Rukasz H., Stanios H.2001. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitesinchildren in Lublin region in the period 1976–2000.WiadomosciParazytologiczne47: 417-422.
[4]. Lonc E., Okulewicz A., Kopczynska-MaslejJ,Zaródzka Z. 1999. Intestinal parasites in inhabitantsof Wroclaw and Walbrzych. WiadomosciParazytologiczne ;45: 75-81.
[5]. BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema; British Society for A llergy and Clinical Immunology (Feb 2015) Urticaria; NICE CKS, May 2016 (UK access only).

Abstract: Hematometra is a pathologic collection of blood in the uterus secondary to gyneatresia. It is a rare condition that is most commonly associated with congenital anomalies or acquired due to prior surgical procedures causing an obstruction of the genitourinary outflow tract. Case Patient, 39 years old, para 4, presented to the emergency department with severe acute abdominal pain and amenorrhoea for three months. We reviewed the literature and to the best of our knowledge there is no case reported to have hematometra post Dilation and curettage in a multiparous woman without prior known risk factors. Conclusion: This is a rare and important case report due to the complexity of diagnosis and vastness of differential diagnosis when a female presents to the Emergency Department with acute onset of abdominal pain

[1]. Holden DA, Quin M, Holden DP. Clinical risk management in obstetrics. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004;16(2):137-42.
[2]. Wali S, Chatterjee J, Zeegen R, Smith R. Concealed haematometra causing chronic upper abdominal pain. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2015;35(5):537-9.
[3]. Klimek P, Klimek M, Kessler U, Oesch V, Wolf R, Stranzinger E, et al. Hematometra presenting as an acute abdomen in a 13-year-old postmenarchal girl: a case report. Journal of medical case reports. 2012;6(1):419.
[4]. U Nayak A, Swarup A, G S J, N S. Hematometra and acute abdomen. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock. 2010;3(2):191-2.

Abstract: Back ground: All ceramic restorations are the current trend in prosthodontics. Zirconia as an esthetic restoration is upcoming. But confusions exist regarding the bonding and clinical use of zirconia .Hence the current literature reviews articles related to zirconia dated from 1989 to 2015 in an attempt to have a clear understanding. A research was conducted using PubMed and Medline correlated with hand search for any relevant papers using key words like zirconia, machining, structure, chemical and mechanical bonding. Aim: This study helps to give a complete understanding of material science of zirconia and its clinical implications including different bonding mechanisms. Review results: A total of 37 publications.....

Keywords: systematic review, bonding, machining, surface finish

[1]. Spehar D, Jakovac M. New Knowledge about Zirconium-ceramic as a Structural Material in Fixed Prosthodontics. Acta Stomatol Croat 2015; 49(2):137-144.
[2]. Thompson JY, Smith R. Adhesion/Cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: Where are we now? Dent mater 2011; 27(1): 71-82.
[3]. Bona AD. Bonding to ceramics: Scientific Evidences for Clinical Dentistry; Artes Medicas: Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2009.
[4]. Hannink RHJ, Kelly PM, Muddle BC. Transformation toughening in Zirconia-containing ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2000; 83: 461-87
[5]. Christel P, Meunier A, Heller M, Torre JP, Peille CN .Mechanical properties and short-term in-vivo evaluation of yttrium-oxide partially stabilised zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res 1989; 23 (1): 45-61..

Abstract: Amoebiasis is largely a disease of tropical and developing countries but also a significant problem in developed countries because of immigrant and travelling between countries. Amoebic liver abscess is more common between 21-50yrs of age. Poverty and poor living conditions are associated with higher rate of infection. A male preponderance had been noted. Alcoholics are more commonly affected. The mainstay of treatment for amoebic abscess less than 5cms is Metronidazole(750 mg orally for 5-7 days).For amoebic liver abscess between 6-10cms which did not improved clinically after medical treatment,USG guided percutaneous needle aspiration was very effective. Advantages of aspiration are- minimal trauma, rapid clinical improvement, short hospital stay,.......

Key Word:amoebic liver abscess; percuteneous aspiration;USG guided aspiration

[1]. Khanna S, Chaudhary O, kumar A, Vij JC Experience with aspiration in amoebic liver abscess. Report from an endemic area. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005;24: 428-30.
[2]. Blessmann J, Binh Duy Hung Manh 0, Tannich E, Burchard G. Treatment of Amoebic liver abscess with metronidazole alone or in combination with ultrasound Guided needle aspiration : a comparative, prospective , and randomized study .Trop Med Int Heaith 2003; 8: 1030-34
[3]. Zafar A, Ahmed S. Amoebic liver abscess; a comparative study of needle aspiration versus conservative management. J Ayub Med Coli Abbottabad 2002;14:10-12.
[4]. Kapadia S, Duttaroy D, Ghodgaonkar p, Maru S. Percutaneous catheter drainage of liver abscesses.Indian J Surgery 2002; 64: 516-19.
[5]. Rogers LM. Amoebic abscess of liver as an easily preventable disease, and Post – operative sepsis as an important lethal factor . Br Med J 1908; 24: 1246 -49.

Abstract: Background: Tobacco use is one of the gravest public health challenges the world has ever confronted. More than five million people die of tobacco-caused illness each year – an average of one person every six seconds - and tobacco use accounts for 10% of adult mortality globally. Tobacco use is known or probable cause of about 25 diseases including heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and digestive tract diseases. Smokeless tobacco use causes oral cancer in the lip, tongue, mouth and throat areas and digestive system cancers. Objectives: 1) To study the.....

Key Words: Prevalence, Tobacco use, Socio demographic correlates, Smoking form, Smokeless form, Cross sectional study.

[1]. Yang JJ, Yu D, Wen W, et al. Tobacco Smoking and Mortality in Asia: A Pooled Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3):e191474.doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1474
[2]. Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Falsafi P, Hayati Z, Rezaei F, Poorolajal J. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in male smokers and nonsmokers. Chonnam Med J 2013;49:65-8.
[3]. Chandra P, Govindraju P. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among tobacco users. Oral Health Prev Dent 2012;10:149-53.
[4]. Tobacco facts.net. India Tobacco Production. Available from: http://www.tobacco-facts.net/tobacco-industry/india-tobacco-production.
[5]. WHO report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008 – The MPOWER package.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse presentations of fungal infections of the brain clinically and radiologically and role of histopathological examination in the diagnosis of the infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study for a period of two years.The diagnosis was based on morphology of biopsy material with the aid of special stains. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: Of the 1380 specimen received in two years, 550 cases were non- neoplastic. Out of which 98 were infections, and fungal infections accounted for 10 of them.One case presented with otalgia, six had ophthalmic manifestations and.....

Keywords: Aspergillosis, brain, fungal infections,maduramycosis, mucormycosis

[1]. de Pauw BE. What are fungal infections? Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2019 Feb 21];3(1):e2011001. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21625304
[2]. Sundaram C, Umabala P, Laxmi V, Purohit AK, Prasad VSS V, Panigrahi M, et al. Pathology of fungal infections of the central nervous system: 17 years' experience from Southern India. Histopathology [Internet]. 2006 Oct [cited 2019 Feb 21];49(4):396–405. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16978203
[3]. Góralska K, Blaszkowska J, Dzikowiec M. Neuroinfections caused by fungi. Infection [Internet]. 2018 Aug 21 [cited 2019 Jan 22];46(4):443–59. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785613
[4]. Gavito-Higuera J, Mullins C, Ramos-Duran L, Olivas Chacon C, Hakim N, Palacios E. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Pictorial Review. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2016;
[5]. Vazquez JA, Miceli MH, Alangaden G. Invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease. 2013..

Abstract: Orthodontic treatment is gradual process of moving vital tooth in the alveolar bone from one position to other. Time is very important factor for patients to decide whether to undergo orthodontic treatment or not. In this era when generation has shifted from 3G to 4G internet, no one wants slow treatments. This paper presents review of various modalities that can help an orthodontist to reduce the treatment time yet keeping all biological and mechanical principals intact.

Key Words: Rapid Orthodontic treatment, evolution of Orthodontic Therapy

[1]. Skidmore KJ, Brook KJ, Thomson WM, Harding WJ. Factors influencing treatment time in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:230-8
[2]. Angle, E.H. Malocclusion of the teeth. 7th ed. S. S. White Dental Manufacturing, Philadelphia; 1907 [3]. Begg, P.R., Kesling, P. Orthodontic theory and technique. 3rd ed. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia; 1977 [4]. Tweed, C.H. Clinical orthodontics. C. V. Mosby, St Louis; 1966.
[5]. Turbill EA, Richmond S, Wright JL (2001) The time-factor in orthodontics: what influences the duration of treatments in the National Health Service practices? Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 29(1): 62-72.

Abstract: Background :liver abscess was first described as early times of Hippocrates ,earlier laparotomy & drainage was the mainstay, with better imaging modality aspiration & catheter insertion is treatment now a days. Aim : 1.To study incidence /age & sex distribution 2.To analyze clinical features 3. To throw light on the radiological imaging & plan management accordingly

[1]. Ochner A, Debakay, M. Murray, Pyogenic abscess of the liver.A.M.J.Surg 1938:40:292
[2]. Barnes PF, Decock KM et al. A comparison of Amoebic and pyogenic abscess of the liver. Medicine 1987 66:472
[3]. Dela Rey N.J, Simjee AE, Patel A.Indication for Aspiration of Amoebic liver abscess.SAfr med.J.1989:75:373.
[4]. Balasegaram M.Management of Hepatic abscess. CurrSurg 1981 18:283
[5]. Bailey and love's short practice of Surgery. 24th Edition.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal biopsy has limited indications in children. However, when necessary the procedure should be promptly carried out. Indications for renal biopsy are Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure (RPRF), Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS),non recovering Acute Kidney Injury(AKI) and following transplantation etc. Renal biopsy is usually performed percutaneously by using a Bard magnum gun .The risk of complications is increased in patients with bleeding diathesis, uncontrolled hypertension and renal failure. AIM: To analyze the histological spectrum of renal biopsies in pediatric patients.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational......

Key Words: Renal Biopsy, Nephrotic Syndrome, SRNS, AKI, FSGS, MCD

[1]. Iversen P, Brun C. Aspiration biopsy of the kidney. Am J Med1951; 11: 324-30
[2]. Habib R. A story of glomerulopathies: a pathologist's experience. Pediatr Nephrol 1993; 7: 336-46.2.
[3]. Kamitsuji H, Yoshioka K, Ito H. Percutaneous renal biopsy in children: Survey of pediatric nephrologists in Japan. Pediatr Nephrol 1999;13:693‑6.
[4]. Kaddah A, Sabry S, Emil E, et al Refaey M. Epidemiology of primary nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children. J Nephrol2012; 25:7327.
[5]. Ibrahim Seif E, Abdel Salam Ibrahim E, Galal Elhefnawy N,Ibrahim Salman M. Histological patterns of idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children: A single centre study. J Nephropathol 2013;2:53‑60

Abstract: As diabetes is a risk factor in pregnancy in this particular study we have reviewed the previous studies associated with diabetes in pregnancy. We will also ascertain the risk associated with gestational diabetes. This compilation of research works on this particular topic will be helpful in further studies in this area as diabetes is a very much prevalent clinical condition and its screening and researches in this particular field are extremely needful, moreover the health of pregnant ladies with diabetes is a subject of great concern........

[1]. Peck RW, Price DE, Lang GD, MacVicar J, Hearnshaw JR Birth weight of Babies Born to Mothers with Type 1 Diabetes: is it Related to Blood Glucose Control in the First Trimester? Article in Diabetic Medicine 8(3):258-62 · May 1991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01582.x ·Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK. PMID 1828742

[2]. Emma pomeroy, Jay T. Stock, Tim J. Cole, Michael O'Callaghan, Jonathan C. K. Wells Relationships between Neonatal Weight, Limb Lengths, Skinfold Thicknesses, Body Breadths and Circumferences in an Australian Cohort, Published: PLoS One. 2014 Aug 27; 9(8):e105108. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105108; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105108 University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. PMID: 25162658 PMCID: PMC4146506

[3]. Vrachnis N, Antonakopoulos N, Iliodromiti Z, Dafopoulos K, Siristatidis C, Pappa KI, Deligeoroglou E, Vitoratos N. Impact of maternal diabetes on Epigenetic Modifications Leading to Diseases in the Offspring Article· Literature Review in Experimental Diabetes Research 2012:538474 · November 22, 2012 DOI: 10.1155/2012/538474 ·2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece. PMID: 23227034 PMCID: PMC3512252

[4]. Russell NE, Higgins MF, Kinsley BF, Foley ME, McAuliffe FM. Heart rate variability in neonates of type 1 diabetic pregnancy. Published in Early Hum Dev. 2016 Jan;92:51-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Dec 1. University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland. PMID: 26658058

[5]. Casson IF, Clarke CA, Howard CV, McKendrick O, Pennycook S, Pharoah PO, Platt MJ, Stanisstreet M, van Velszen D, Walkinshaw S. Outcomes of Pregnancy in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Women: Results of a Five Year Population Cohort Study. Article in BMJ Clinical Research 315(7103):275-8 · September 1997 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7103.275; Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool. PMID: 9274545 PMCID: PMC2127202..

Abstract: Background: In the 21st century it has been found there is various factor which hinder body donation to the various medical college. Body donation is necessary for improving medical science. Objective: To know the trend of body donation and to know the cause of body donation in the 21st century. Material and method: A study was performed in Nil Ratan Sircar medical college for the period of four year from January 2014 to December 2018. Data collected from department of anatomy. Exclusion and inclusion criteria are selected. Data compilation and statistical analysis are made. Result: A total 320 body was donated during.......

Keywords: Anatomy, cause of donation

[1]. Rokhade S K, body donation :A review. Medical journal of western India2013;vol 41 ,issue 1.
[2]. Rath g garg k, inception of cadaver dissection and its relevance in present day scenario of medical education. Indian J med Asso 2006, 104(6):331-3
[3]. Armstrong GT. Age: man indicator of willingness to donate. J transplant Coord, 1996;6(4) :171-3
[4]. Boulware LE, Ratner L E , Cooper L A, LA Veist T A,Whole body donation for medical science, a population based study, clinical anatomy 2004 :17(7): 570 -7.
[5]. Rokade S A, Gaikawd A P. Social awareness and attitude about body donationin Maharastra. Unpublished data.

Abstract: Scissor bite is one of the common type of malocclusion most frequently seen in posterior region. Several treatment modalities like intermaxillary elastics, implants, lingual arch etc have been used but have their own reciprocal effects. To correct bilateral second molar scissor bite with simple and efficient modified transpalatal arch (TPA) as an alternative is used in this case report

Keywords: Scissor bite, Transpalatal Arch(TPA)

[1]. Sung Won Yun, Won Hec, Deuck Chong and Youn Sic Chun. Scissor bite correction on second molar with a dragon helix appliance: AJODO 2007(132):842-847.
[2]. Ajit Kalia, Kanaan Sharif: Scissor Bite Correction Using Miniscrew Anchorage: JCO 2012(9):573-579
[3]. Vijay Reddy, Rajesh Reddy, Renu Parmar. A Modified Transpalatal Arch For Correction of Scissor Bite. JCO 2012(5):308-309
[4]. Shubham Agrawal,P G Makhija, Anup Belludi, Virag Bhatia, Bhavna Virang. Modified TPA to correct second molar buccal crossbite-technique clinic. National Journal of Dental Sciences & Research 2012(1): 27.

Abstract: Malignant transformation in a mature cystic teatoma (MCT) of the ovary is a rare complication, occurring in only 1–2% of cases, with squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) being the most common type. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of the absence of specific symptoms and signs predicting malignancy. A 78-year-old women presented with lower abdomen mass. Ultrasound and CT scan revealed complex pelvic mass measuring 15 cm. We performed complete cytoreduction, including an en-bloc resection of the tumor and rectosigmoid colon, omentectomy and pelvic-paraaortic lymph node dissection. Histopathology revealed SSC arising from a MCT of the left ovary penetrating the rectal wall. she received 2 cycles of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. She developed 2 months later mediastinum metastasis and had chest irradition. Size of the tumor and patient's age should be regarded as important predictors of malignant transformation in MCT. Histopathological examination has an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of this rare tumor.

Keywords: mature cystic teratoma, malignant transformation, squamous cell carcinoma

[1]. Chen R-J, Chen K-Y, Chang T-C et al. Prognosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma from a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2008; 107: 857-868.
[2]. Kikkawa F, Nawa A, Tamakoshi K et al. Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 1998; 82: 2249-2255.
[3]. Iwasa A, Oda Y, Kaneki E et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: an immunohistochemical analysis of its tumorigenesis. Histopathology. 2007; 51: 98-104.
[4]. Dos Santos L, Mok E, Iasonos A et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: a case series and review of the literature. Gynecologic oncology. 2007; 105: 321-324.
[5]. Rathore R, Sharma S, Agarwal S. Malignant transformation in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: a retrospective study of eight cases and review of literature. Przeglad menopauzalny= Menopause review. 2018; 17: 63..

Abstract: The pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor. Loco regional extension and the presence of metastasis define the malignant pheochromocytoma. We reported a case of a 45-year-old female patient having unresecable pheochromocytoma relapse with local extension and diaphragmatic and lymph node metastasis treated by chemotherapy and target therapy with therapeutic failure. The objective of our publication to make a review for the therapeutic options indicated in malignant pheochromocytoma

[1]. Hamilton BP, Cheikh IE, Rivera LE 1977 Attempted treatment of inoperable pheochromocytoma with streptozocin. Arch Intern Med 137:762–765
[2]. Feldman JM 1983 Treatment of metastatic pheochromocytoma with streptozocin. Arch Intern Med 143:1799–1800
[3]. Bukowski RM, Vidt DG 1984 Chemotherapy trials in malignant pheochromocytoma: report of two patients and review of the literature. J SurgOncol 27:89–92
[4]. Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Wade JL, Douglas FL, Averbuch SD 1985 Treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma with combination chemotherapy. Hypertension 7:I18–I24
[5]. Averbuch SD, Steakley CS, Young RC, Gelmann EP, Goldstein DS, Stull R, Keiser HR 1988 Malignant pheochromocytoma: effective treatment with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine. Ann Intern Med 109:267–273

Abstract: Background: Seizures are more common in the neonatal period than during any other time throughout life. Seizures in the neonatal period are also the most common neurological emergency and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The severity and timing of the pathologic process continue to be the major determinants for outcome. Objectives:To find out short term outcome of the causes of seizures in neonates admitted in a Tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods:The study was cross sectional, observational & analytical in nature, performed over a period of 1 year..........

[1]. BERG A, JALLON P, PREUX P. The epidemiology of seizure disorders in infancy and childhood: definitions and classifications. In: O Dulac et al (Eds), Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Pediatric Neurology, Part 1 (3rd edition), pp 381-398. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2013
[2]. Mohamad A. Mikati and Abeer J Hani.NeonatalSeizures.In Robert M. Kliegman, Bonita F. Stanton, Joseph W. St gemeIII, Nina F. Schor Richard E. Behrman. Nelson Textbook of paediatrics Elsevier.20th Edition.Philadelphia.p2849-2854.
[3]. Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Seizures (1st edition).Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998. 45. Vasudevan C, Levene M. Epidemiology and aetiology of neonatal seizures. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med2013; 18(4): 185-19
[4]. Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Characterization and classification of neonatal seizures. Neurology 1987; 37:1837-1844.
[5]. Berg A, Jallon P, Preux P. The epidemiology of seizure disorders in infancy and childhood: definitions and classifications. In: O Dulac et al (Eds), Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Pediatric Neurology, Part 1 (3rd edition),pp 381-398. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2013.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Nisin and its combination with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine On Enterococcus faecalis . Materials and method: A pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates incubated at 37°C overnight with sterile brain heart infusion broth. Forty single rooted human teeth were selected. Access cavity preparation was done.Working length was determined.Instrumentation was initiated with ISO hand files no. 15 k file followed by protaper rotary files upto size F2 . 2ml of 5.25 % NaOCl was used as an irrigant after every instrumentation.......

Keywords: E.Faecalis , sodium hypochlorite ,Nisin, Chlorhexidine

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