iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract: After the TKA (total knee arthroplasty) and THA (total hip arthroplasty) if the periprosthetic joint infection occurs within the period of 2 years it is related with pain, minimal movement, insecurity, feeling of loneliness and may usher to death. There are many treatment options for re-infection of prosthesis but one-stage or two-stage revision are primarily involved. The two-stage revision surgery is commonly used procedure and it is referred as "Gold Standard". Among the two treatment options the better treatment option is still not clear. After the total hip replacement there is more chances of re-infection following one-stage compared to two-stage revision surgery. Utilizing........

Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabete mellitus, Sonication, total hip replacement, one-stage revision, two-stage revision

[1]. Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW, Beswick AD; INFORM Team. Re-infection Outcomes following One- and Two- Stage Surgical Revision of infected Hip Prosthesis : A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9): e0139166.
[2]. Hunter G, Dandy d. The natural history of the patient with an infected total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977; 59(3):293-7.
[3]. Andersson AE, Bergh I, Karlsson J, Nilsson K. Patients experiences of acquiring a deep surgical site infection: an interview study. Am J Infect Control. 2010; 38(9):711-7.
[4]. Del Pozo JL, Patel R. Clinical practice. Infection associated with prosthetic joints. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(8):787-94.
[5]. Gallo J, Smizansky M, Radova L, Potomkova J. [ Comparison of therapeutic strategies for hip and knee prosthetic infection. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2009; 76(4):302-9...

Abstract: Caesarean section is the most common obstetric operation carried out in daily obstetric practice. In many countries there has been a dramatic rise in the caesarean section rate.(1) Complication rate associated with caesarean section is known to be several folds than that of vaginal deliveries.(3) With the improvement of operation technologies, anaesthesia coverage and blood transfusion facilities, safety of caesarean section have increased considerably. The reasons for continued increase in caesarean section rates is because of greater percentage of births among nulliparous women whose average maternal age is rising and maternal request. Also, obesity and diabetes are also a few reasons. Use of continuous electronic fetal monitoring and epidural anaesthesia all have contributed to the rise in the rate of CS rate. Most foetuses presenting as breech delivered.........

Key Words: caesarean section, relaprotomy, haemorrhage

[1]. Levin I, Rapaport AS, Satzor L, MaslovitzS,Lessing JB, Almog B. Risk factors for relaparotomy after caesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;119:163-5.
[2]. Shinar S, Hareuveni M, Ben-Tal O, Many A.Relaparotomies after caesarean sections: risk factors,indications and management. J Perinatal Med. 2013;41:56772.
[3]. Raagab AE, Misbah YH, Brabat RI, ZayedAA,Alsaammani MA. Relaparotomy after caesarean section: risks, indications and management options.Med Arch. 2014;68:44-5.
[4]. Biswas SP, Halder S, Shirin FB. Indications and outcome of relaparotomy after caesarean section.Bang Med J. 2012;45:19-23.
[5]. Seal SL, Kamilya G, Bhattacharyya SK, MukherjiJ,Bhattarcharyya AR. Relaparotomy after caesarean delivery: experience from an Indian Teaching Hospital. J ObstetGynaecol Res. 2007;33(6):804-9.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the relationship between Salivary MMP-8 levels and periodontal health status. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 114 participants had about 5mL of unstimulated whole saliva collected over 3 minutes, between 7:30 am and 10:00 am at the University of Nairobi Dental Hospital between July 2014 and April 2015. Clinical examination assessed oral hygiene (Silness and Löe, 1964), gingival status (Löe and Silness, 1963) and periodontal health status was classified using the CDC/AAP consensus definitions for epidemiological studies. Salivary MMP-8 was quantified using specific Quantikine double antibody ELISA technique. Results: Statistically.......

Keywords: Salivary; MMP-8; Biomarker; ELISA; Kenya; CDC/AAP; Periodontitis

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Abstract: Background: Hyponatremia is a commonly seen electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients and it affects 3.4% to 39.4% of patients. Hyponatremia can cause morbidity and mortality. The present study is undertaken to find the patients with hyponatremia in ICU admission and associated co-morbid conditions. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted at Department of General Medicine, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru. A total of 70 patients with critically illness admitted in ICU were included with serum sodium levels <135mEq/L. The age of the patients range from 30 to 70 years of both sexes. Venous blood sample, 3mL was collected and serum sample separated. The seperated serum sample......

Keywords: Hyponatremia, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension

[1]. Kanchana S Pillai, Trupti H Trivedi, Nivedita D Moulick. Hyponatremia in ICU. Journal of The Association of Physicians of India.2018;66:48-52.
[2]. Malabu UH, Porter D, Vangaveti VN, Kazi M, Kennedy RL. Prevalence of hyponatremia in acute medical admissions in tropical Asia Pacific Australia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014; 7:40-43.
[3]. Gines P, Berl T, Bernardi M, et al. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Hepatology 1998;28:851-864.
[4]. Cedric Rafat, Martin Flamant, Stephane Gaudry, Emmanuelle Vidal‑Petiot, Jean‑Damien Ricard, Didier Dreyfuss. Hyponatremia in the intensive care unit: How to avoid a Zugzwang situation?. Ann. Intensive Care.2015; 5(39):1-27.
[5]. Shivaji Patil, Anannya Mukherji, Akshaya Shetty. 2016 Incidence of Hyponatremia in Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit: Observational Study. International Journal of Dental and Medical Specialty.2016; 3(1):12-15...

Abstract: Aim: To study the various presentations of carcinoma colon presenting at the emergency. Methods: This was a non randomized prospective observational study, carried out over a period of one year at a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. All patients of age 12 years and above suspected of or histopathologically proved colorectal cancer presenting with acute intestinal obstruction, perforative peritonitis or bleeding P/R and posted for emergency operation during the study period were included in the study. Results: 50 cases of colorectal carcinoma patients presenting in emergency settings were analyzed over twelve months. 33cases of carcinoma colon and 17 cases of carcinoma rectum constituted these 50 cases.. The average age in this study was 55 years; 59 years.....

Key words: Colorectal carcinoma, emergency presentation, management

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[4]. Suryadevara S, Kumar VKV, Pampanagouda SKM, Arjun R, Deshmani V, Mukherjee G. Colorectal Cancer Profile in a Tertiary Care Centre, Bangalore, India.Online J Health Allied Scs. 2014;13(1):3.
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Abstract: Atypical mycobacterial infections at the surgical site particularly the laparoscopic port site are a frequent problem encountered in patients undergoing surgery. In this study we concentrate on the clinical diagnosis, management and prevention of this problem. In this series we assess 28 patients presenting with surgical site infection with atypical Mycobacteria (MOTT) . The study was done in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India over a 1and half year period which included surgical site infection (SSI) cases with delayed onset not responding to conventional antibiotics. Total twenty eight patients with post-operative delayed wound infection with MOTT were identified. All patients had undergone in different surgeries.....

Key Words: Surgical site infection, MYCOBACTERIUM OTHER THAN TUBERCULOSIS (MOTT), Rapid growers, Mycobacterium abscesses, Mycobacterium chelonae

[1]. Dailloux M, Laurain C, Weber M, et al. Water and nontuberculousmycobacteria. Water Res 1999;33: 2219–2228.
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[3]. Wallace RJ Jr, Brown BA, Silcox VA, et al. Clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and biochemical patterns of the unnamed third biovariant complex of Mycobacterium fortuitum. J Infect Dis 1991;163:598–603.
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[5]. Lahiri KK, Jena J, Pannicker KK. Mycobacterimfortiutum infections in surgical wounds. MJAFI. 2009; 65:91–92.

Abstract: Aim: To determine the outcome of colostomy formation in neonatal period. Material and Methods:- A retrospective analysis was done in our institution among the colostomy done babies with in 30 days of life for a period of 5 years. Fisher's exact test was used to find out the significance level and P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total colostomy done in 30 days of life or less were 118. Male babies were 90 and female 28. Mortality was 8(6.8%). Weight less than 2.5 kgs babies die more frequently(P=0.043). All the babies died were stayed more than 7 days in the hospital(P=0.01). There was no significance between age at surgery, sex and outcome. Conclusion: Low birth weight babies die more frequently following colostomy formation in ARM.

Keywords:Anorectal Malformation(ARM); Colostomy; Mortality

[1]. Mirza B, Ijaz L, Saleem M, Sharif M, Sheikh A. Anorectal malformations in neonates.Afr J Paediatr Surg 2011;8:151-154.
[2]. Patwardhan N, Kiely EM, Drake DP, Spitz L, Pierro A. Colostomy for anorectal anomalies: high incidence of complications. J Pediatr Surg. 2001 May;36(5):795-8.
[3]. Figueroa M, Bailez M, Solana J. Colostomy morbidity in children with anorectal malformations (ARM). Cir Pediatr. 2007 Apr;20(2):79-82.
[4]. Chowdhary SK, Chalapathi G, Narasimhan KL, Samujh R, Mahajan JK, Menon P, Rao KL. An audit of neonatal colostomy for high anorectal malformation: the developing world perspective. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004 Feb;20(2):111-3.
[5]. Chirdan LB, Uba FA, Ameh EA, Mshelbwala PM. Colostomy for high anorectal malformation: an evaluation of morbidity and mortality in a developing country. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Apr;24(4):407-10. doi: 10.1007/s00383-008-2114-z.

Abstract: Objectives-To determine the pre operative factors based on clinical,laboratory and radiological parameters which leads to conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy.To determine intra operative factors based on laparoscopic findings that leads to conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Aims-To identify difficult dissection by clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methodology- All patients undergoing consecutive cholecystectomy were included in this study. Patients meeting the exclusion.......

Key Words:GB-Gallbladder,CBD-Common bile duct,EHC-Enterohepaticcirculation,BMI-Body mass index,LFT-Liver function test

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Abstract: Aim of the study: To compare two skin closure techniques subcuticular Monocryl and vertical mattress suture in clean inguino-scrotal surgeries. Objectives of the study: 1. To compare the incidence of post-operative wound complications in subcuticular skin closure versus vertical mattress skin closure. 2. To compare the cosmetic outcome of subcuticular skin closure versusvertical mattress skin closure. 3. Time taken for closure..........

Keywords: subcuticular skin closure ,vertical mattress skin closure,inguinoscrotal surgeries

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Abstract: Introduction: Blood Transfusion services (BTS) have the cumulative responsibility to collect blood only from the healthy donors who are at low risk of infection that could be transmitted through transfusion and who are unlikely to jeopardize their own health by blood donation. The reasons for deferral are always variable depending upon the rules framed by blood transfusion services and health care providers of different regions. Materials & Methods: Retrospective data was collected and compiled from database at blood bank from January 2018 to December 2018. Relevant history, physical and clinical examination was gathered and donor selection was carried out as per the prescribed........

Key Words: blood transfusion; donor; deferral; permanent; temporary

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Abstract: Minimal Invasive surgery (MIS) in pediatric patients has been the standard of care which offers advantages for both patient and the surgeon. MIS offers greater benefits compared to open surgery such as greater surgical precision, reduced hospital stay, better surgical accessibility, decreased infection rate and smaller incision. The commonest MIS procedures performed are laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in various surgical disciplines. In pediatric patients the change over to MIS approach has resulted in lifelong consequences who undergo major operative procedure. In order to avoid collateral injuries the surgeons prefer to operate in the least invasive manner. This article emphasizes the current status of MIS in the pediatric practice at our institute. We also present the unique aspects of MIS in neonates and small children with benefits to the patient and the surprising challenges faced by the surgeons......

Key Words: Minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopy, appendicectomy, thoracoscopy

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Abstract: Pediatric malignant ovarian lesions are not uncommon.In 5 years between 2012 to 2017 , 12 patients were diagnosed at GMK Medical College Hospital ,Salem and Coimbatore Medical College Hospital ,Coimbatore . The mode of clinical presentation, imaging findings, tumor markers, operative details, histopathology reports and follow up of these patients were reviewed. There was varied presentation clinically, abdominal pain being the most common, abdominal mass and other non-specificsymptoms were also noted. Among the Histological group, there were 6 dysgerminoma,4 Mixed germ cell tumor and 2 yolk sac tumor. Adjuvant chemotherapy with BEP regimen was given in high grade malignant tumors. All the patients are currently doing well on follow up. Though malignant ovarian tumor in pediatric population is found to be rare, it has to be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in premenstrual age group with abdominal pain, mass or other non-specific symptoms.

Key Words: Malignant ovarian tumor, Dysgerminoma, Mixed germ cell tumor, abdomen pain

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Abstract: Background.Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas(NHL) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies of the immune system;diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma are among its most common subtypes. Recently, it is widely believed that cancer stem cells play critical roles in the initiation, metastasis, and relapse of cancers. However, no sufficient data supported the presence of cancer stem cells in NHL of the head and neck. Purpose. To detect cancer stem cellsin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma using immunohistochemical expression CD34, a widely used marker for identification and detection of hematopoietic stem cells.......

Key Words: CD34,Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (B-Cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma),Cancer Stem Cells

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